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E ncyclopedia of L ibrary and I nformation S cience Second Edition First Update Supplement © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC E ncyclopedia of L ibr ary and I nformation S cience Second Edition First Update Supplement e dited By M A. D iriam rake Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Published in 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-3894-8 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-3894-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com Taylor & Francis Group is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc. © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Miriam A. Drake, Editor Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Editorial Advisory Board Marcia Bates Lisa Hinchliffe Department of Information Studies, University of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Illinois, U.S.A. John C. Bertot Karen Holloway SchoolofInformationStudies,FloridaStateUniversity, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A. Glen E. Holt Michael Buckland St. Louis Public Library, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. School of Information Management & Systems, University of California, Berkeley, California, Mary Lee Kennedy U.S.A. The Kennedy Group, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Suzanne H. Calpestri Allen Kent The George and Mary Foster Anthropology Library, Allen Kent Associates, St. Petersburg, Florida; University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. Retired, School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Nancy M. Cline U.S.A. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Thomas Krichel Sheila Creth Palmer School of Library and Information Science, Progressive Solutions, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Long Island University, Greenvale, New York, U.S.A. U.S.A. Vic Elliott M. S. Vijay Kumar Division of Information, The Australian National Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, University, Canberra, Australia Massachusetts, U.S.A. Susan Foster Jesus Lau University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, U.S.A. Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico Mart´ın Go´mez Lucy B. Lettis Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn, Marsh & McLennon, New York, New York, U.S.A. New York, U.S.A. Maurice B. Line Nancy E. Gwinn Consultant, Harrogate, U.K. Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Clifford Lynch Coalition for Networked Information, Charles Henry Washington, D.C.; University of California, Rice University, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. Berkeley, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vi Marilyn Mason David Penniman Consultant, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A. School of Informatics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, James Matarazzo U.S.A. School of Library and Information Science, Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Neils Ole Pors Department of Library and Information Management, C. Allen Nichols Royal School of Library and Information Science, Wadsworth Public Library, Wadsworth, Ohio, U.S.A. Copenhagen, Denmark Cathy Norton Paul Sturges Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Department of Information Science, Loughborough Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, University, Leicestershire, U.K. U.S.A. Winston Tabb Chris Peebles Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. U.S.A. © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contributors Richard Abel = Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. Grace Agnew = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, U.S.A. Pam Baker = California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, U.S.A. Susan Beatty = University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Robert L. Becker = Wolters Kluwer, Riverwoods, Illinois, U.S.A. Pieter Boeder = Communications Consultant, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Amy E. Brand = CrossRef, Lynnfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Joseph Branin = Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Bonnie C. Carroll = Information International Associates, Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Ye-Sho Chen = Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.A. Edward Colleran = Copyright Clearance Center, Danvers, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Mike Crump = The British Library, London, U.K. Anthony Debons = University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Ruth Dickstein = University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. Amy Driscoll = California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, U.S.A. Ulla Ehrensva¨rd = National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Frederick J. Friend = University College London, London, U.K. Carla J. Funk = Medical Library Association, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Emily Gallup Fayen = MuseGlobal, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Edward D. Garten = University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, U.S.A. Frances Groen = McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Kevin M. Guthrie = JSTOR, New York, New York, U.S.A. Birger Neal Hjørland = Royal School of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark Gail Hodge = Information International Associates, Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Darren Hoerner = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Bettina Hohn = University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany Kimio Hosono = Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Kelly Barrick Hovendick = Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A. David J. Ives = NELINET, Inc., Southborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Sylvia James = Sylvia James Consultancy, Sussex, U.K. Kathryn R. Johnson = Information International Associates, Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Sophia K. Jordan = Chicago Public Library, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Corinne Jo¨rgensen = Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.A. Amy M. Kautzman = University of California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. R. David Lankes = Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, U.S.A. Mayre Lehtila¨-Olsson = National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Tomas Lidman = National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Timothy Mark = University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada vii © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC viii Robert F. Nawrocki = Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A. William Neal Nelson = Augusta State University, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A. Kjell Nilsson = National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Norman Paskin = International DOI Foundation, Oxford, U.K. Lisa Pillow = University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. Jonathan Purday = The British Library, Baston Spa, U.K. Folke Sandgren = National Library of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden Reijo Savolainen = University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Lyudmila Shpilevaya = The New York Public Library, New York, New York, U.S.A. Wojciech Siemaszkiewicz = The New York Public Library, New York, New York, U.S.A. Janet L. Steins = Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Frederick W. Stoss = University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, U.S.A. Gary E. Strong = The Queens Borough Public Library, Jamaica, New York, U.S.A. Laura Tull = Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Konrad Umlauf = Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany Sirje Virkus = Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, U.K. Timothy Walch = National Archives and Records Administration, West Branch, Iowa, U.S.A. Jenny Walker = Ex Libris Inc., Watertown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Darlene Warren = University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Peggy White = University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alicia Wise = Publishers Licensing Society, London, U.K. Liavon Yurevich = The New York Public Library, New York, New York, U.S.A. © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Academic Libraries in Canada = Frances Groen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Academic Libraries in Eastern Europe = Sirje Virkus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Academic Libraries in Japan = Kimio Hosono . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Acidic Papers and Preservation Strategies = Sophia K. Jordan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 African American Studies Databases = Lisa Pillow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Anthropology Libraries = Janet L. Steins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Book and Journal Publishing = Richard Abel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 The British Library = Jonathan Purday and Mike Crump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Canadian Association of Research Libraries = Timothy Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 CENDI = Bonnie C. Carroll, Kathryn R. Johnson, and Gail Hodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Consortia, Library Buying = Frederick J. Friend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Copyright Clearance Center = Edward Colleran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 CrossRef = Amy E. Brand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Digital Object Identifier (DOI(cid:1)) = Norman Paskin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Digital Reference = R. David Lankes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Domain Analysis in Information Science = Birger Hjørland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Electronic Records Management = Robert F. Nawrocki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Environmental Information = Frederick W. Stoss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Everyday Life Information Seeking = Reijo Savolainen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Firewalls = David J. Ives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Fundraising on the Internet: On-Line Strategies for Nonprofit Organizations = Pieter Boeder and Bettina Hohn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 German Academic Libraries = Konrad Umlauf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Herbert Hoover Library = Timothy Walch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Information Commons = Peggy White, Susan Beatty, and Darlene Warren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Information Counseling = Anthony Debons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Information Productivity = Ye-Sho Chen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Institutional Repositories = Joseph Branin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Integrated Library Systems = Emily Gallup Fayen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 The Internet and Public Library Use = Corinne Jo¨rgensen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Joint Information Systems Committee = Alicia Wise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 JSTOR = Kevin M. Guthrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Libraries in Belarus = Liavon M. Yurevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Libraries in Ukraine = Lyudmila Shpilevaya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Library Standards in Higher Education: An Overview = William Neal Nelson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Medical Library Association = Carla J. Funk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 ix © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC x National Library of Sweden: History of the Royal Library = Tomas Lidman, Ulla Ehrensva¨rd, Folke Sandgren, Mayre Lehtila¨-Olsson, and Kjell Nilsson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Polish Libraries = Wojciech Siemaszkiewicz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Public Libraries, Public Access Computing, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation = Darren Hoerner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 The Queens Borough Public Library = Gary E. Strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 SFX = Jenny Walker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Special Libraries in the UK = Sylvia James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Student Outcomes Assessment = Amy Driscoll and Pamela Baker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Trends in Legal Publishing = Robert Becker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Undergraduate Library Collections = Amy M. Kautzman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Unicode = Laura Tull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Video on Demand—The Prospect and Promise for Libraries = Grace Agnew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Virtual Libraries and Distance Learning in the United States = Edward D. Garten . . . . . . . . . . 404 Women’s Studies Databases = Ruth Dickstein and Kelly Barrick Hovendick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC