Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine
Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine Jean-Louis Vincent and Jesse B. Hall (Eds) Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine With716Figuresand450Tables Editors Jean-LouisVincent HeadDeptofIntensiveCare ErasmeHospital(FreeUniversityofBrussels) RoutedeLennik808 1070Brussels Belgium JesseB.Hall UniversityofChicagoMedicalCenter 5841S.MarylandAve. MC6076 Chicago,IL60637 USA ISBN978-3-642-00417-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-00418-6 PrintandelectronicbundleunderISBN978-3-642-00419-3 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012931922 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg 2012 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherights oftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindata banks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember 9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliabletoprosecutionunder theGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecific statement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScienceþBusinessMedia(www.springer.com) List of Contributors N.I.ABATE RAEANNAC.ADAMS InternalMedicine–Endocrinology DepartmentofSurgery UniversityofTexasMedicalBranch VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter Galveston,TX Nashville,TN USA USA ADEELABBASI BASHEALM.AGRAWAL EmergencyMedicine DepartmentofNeurologicalSurgery HospitaloftheUniversityofPennsylvania UniversityofWisconsin Philadelphia,PA Madison,WI USA USA KAREEMR.ABDELFATTAH OMARAHMAD DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine DivisionofBurns,Trauma,andCriticalCare UniversityofBritishColumbiaCriticalCare,Emergency DepartmentofSurgery andTraumaMedicine,RoyalColumbianHospital UT-SouthwesternMedicalCenter NewWestminster,BC Dallas,TX Canada USA HESHAMM.AHMED BENJAMINS.ABELLA DivisionofAcuteCareSurgery DepartmentofEmergencyMedicineandDepartmentof UMDNJ-RWJMS,RobertWoodJohnsonUniversity Medicine,Pulmonary,Allergy,andCriticalCareDivision Hospital HospitaloftheUniversityofPennsylvania NewBrunswick,NJ Philadelphia,PA USA USA KEVINS.AKERS EDWARDABRAHAM DepartmentofMedicine DepartmentofMedicine BrookeArmyMedicalCenter UniversityofAlabama FortSamHouston,TX Birmingham,AL USA USA JAMEELALI GIHANABUELLA DivisionofGeneralSurgery DepartmentofGeneralIntensiveCare St.Michael’sHospitalUniversityofToronto St.George’sHospital Toronto,ON London Canada UK AHMEDM.AL-MOUSAWI CHARLESA.ADAMSJR. DepartmentofSurgery DepartmentofSurgery UniversityofTexasMedicalBranchandShriners RhodeIslandHospital HospitalforChildren Providence,RI Galveston,TX USA USA vi ListofContributors N.AL-SUBAIE DJILLALIANNANE DepartmentofIntensiveCare GeneralICU St.George’sHospital RaymondPoincare´ Hospital(APHP) London UniversityofVersaillesSQY UK Garches France JAFFARA.AL-TAWFIQ SpecialityInternalMedicine DAVIDR.ANTHONY SaudiAramcoMedicalServicesOrganization EmergencyMedicineResidency KingdomofSaudiArabia NewYork-PresbyterianHospital NewYork,NY USA NAGESHS.ANAVEKAR DepartmentofCardiology TheNorthernHospital MASSIMOANTONELLI Melbourne IstitutodiAnestesiologiaeRianimazione,Policlinico Australia UniversitarioA.Gemelli Universita` CattolicadelSacroCuore CAESARA.ANDERSON Rome Italy UniversityofPennsylvania,HyperbaricMedicine SanDiego,CA USA ANASTASIAANTONIADOU FourthDepartmentofInternalMedicine KENTONL.ANDERSON UniversityGeneralHospitalATTIKON EmergencyMedicine Athens DukeUniversityMedicalCenter Greece Durham,NC USA CHRISTOPHERT.AQUINA RONALDANDERSON DivisionofAcuteCareSurgery MRCUnitforInflammationandImmunity,Department UMDNJ-RWJMS,RobertWoodJohnsonUniversity ofImmunology,FacultyofHealthSciences Hospital UniversityofPretoria,andTshwaneAcademicDivision NewBrunswick,NJ oftheNationalHealthLaboratoryService USA Pretoria SouthAfrica YASEENM.ARABI IntensiveCareDepartment MARTINK.ANGELE KingSaudBinAbdulazizUniversityforHealthSciences DepartmentofSurgery KingAbdulazizMedicalCity KlinikumGrosshadern Riyadh Munich KingdomofSaudiArabia Germany DEVASHISHJ.ANJARIA Y.ASENCIO DepartmentofSurgery DepartmentofAnesthesiaandIntensiveCareUnit UMDNJ-NewJerseyMedicalSchool LaTimoneHospital Newark,NJ Marseille USA France ListofContributors vii JUANA.ASENSIO JOANR.BADIA DepartmentofSurgery UnitatdeVigilanciaIntensivaRespirato`ria UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine ServeidePneumologia,InstitutCl´ınicdelTo´rax RyderTraumaCenter IDIBAPSandCIBERdeenfermedadesrespiratorias Miami,FL HospitalCl´ınicdeBarcelona USA Barcelona Spain RU¨DIGERAUTSCHBACH ClinicforTHGSurgery SEANM.BAGSHAW UniversityofAachen DivisionofCriticalCareMedicine Aachen UniversityofAlberta Germany Edmonton,AB Canada MICHELLEBAACK CHRISTOPHERC.BAKER DepartmentofPediatrics TheIsidoreCohn UniversityofIowaChildren’sHospital LSUHealthSciencesCenter–LSUHSC CarverCollegeofMedicine NewOrleans,LA IowaCity,IA USA USA JONATHANBALL HILARYM.BABCOCK GeneralIntensiveCareUnit DepartmentofInternalMedicine St.George’sHospital&MedicalSchool WashingtonUniversity,SchoolofMedicine UniversityofLondon St.Louis,MO London USA UK JAYP.BABICH MANSOORN.BANGASH DivisionofGastroenterology,Hepatology,andNutrition BartsandtheLondonSchoolofMedicineandDentistry WinthropUniversityHospital IntensiveCareUnitRoyalLondonHospital Mineola,NY London USA UK and SchoolofMedicine LUIGIBARBERIS StateUniversityofNewYork DipartimentodiAnestesiologiaeRianimazione StonyBrook,NY Universita` diTorino USA Turin Italy DANIELDEBACKER DepartmentofIntensiveCare ADRIANBARBUL ErasmeUniversityHospital DepartmentofSurgery FreeUniversityofBrussels SinaiHospitalofBaltimoreandtheJohnsHopkins Brussels MedicalInstitutions Belgium Baltimore,MD USA DAVIDBACON and GeneralIntensiveCareUnit DepartmentofSurgery St.George’sNHSTrust HackensackUniversityMedicalCenter London Hackensack,NJ UK USA viii ListofContributors CARLTONC.BARNETTJR. BRIGITTEM.BAUMANN RockyMountainRegionalTraumaCenter DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine DenverHealthMedicalCenter CooperUniversityHospital Denver,CO Camden,NJ USA USA JOSEPHB.BARNEY DANIELG.BAUSCH DivisionofPulmonary,AllergyandCriticalCare DepartmentofAdultInfectiousDiseases UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham TulaneUniversityHealthSciencesCenter Birmingham,AL NewOrleans,LA USA USA TYLERW.BARRETT KATHRYNM.BEAUCHAMP DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine DepartmentofNeurosurgery VanderbiltUniversity DenverHealthMedicalCenter OxfordHouse UniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine Nashville,TN Denver,CO USA USA JOELM.BARTFIELD BRETTF.BECHTEL DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine AlbanyMedicalCollege VanderbiltUniversity Albany,NY OxfordHouse USA Nashville,TN USA GIANLUIGILIBASSI DepartmentofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicine JENNIFERBECK HospitalClinic St.Michael’sHospital Barcelona Toronto Spain Canada JANEBATT RICHARDH.BEIGI DivisionofRespirology,DepartmentofMedicine DepartmentofObstetrics,Gynecologyand KeenanResearchCentreoftheLiKaShingKnowledge ReproductiveSciences Institute,St.Michael’sHospital Magee-WomensHospitaloftheUniversityofPittsburgh UniversityofToronto MedicalCenter Toronto,ON Pittsburgh,PA Canada USA ANDREWM.BAUER THOMASBEIN DepartmentofNeurologicalSurgery LeiterOperativeIntensivstation UniversityofWisconsin Universita¨tsklinikumRegensburg Madison,WI Regensburg USA Germany WERNERBAULIG MARIAL.BELALCAZAR InstituteofAnesthesiology DepartmentofInternalMedicine UniversityHospitalZurich TheUniversityofTexasMedicalBranch Zurich Galveston,TX Switzerland USA ListofContributors ix VENKATESHBELLAMKONDA-ATHMARAM FRANCESCABERNABE` DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine DepartmentofPerioperativeMedicine,IntensiveCare TheGeorgeWashingtonUniversityMedicalCenter andEmergency Washington,DC CattinaraHospital,Trieste. USA UniversitySchoolofMedicine Trieste Italy GIACOMOBELLANI DepartmentofPerioperativeMedicineandIntensive CareA.O.OspedaleS.Gerardo KRISHNENDUBHADRA UniversityofMilan-Bicocca DivisionofPulmonaryDiseaseandCriticalCare Monza Medicine Italy UniversityofVermontCollegeofMedicine Burlington,VT USA SCOTTE.BELL DepartmentofNeurosurgery PARITABHUVA SchoolofMedicine DivisionofNeurocriticalCare UniversityofColoradoHealthSciencesCenter Departmentsofneurology Denver,CO UniversityofVirginia USA Charlottesville,VA USA GIUSEPPEBELLO IstitutodiAnestesiologiaeRianimazione B.J.BIEMOND PoliclinicoUniversitarioA.Gemelli AcademischMedischCentrum Universita` CattolicadelSacroCuore UniversiteitvanAmsterdam Rome Amsterdam Italy TheNetherlands RINALDOBELLOMO B.KIRKEBIENEMAN DepartmentofIntensiveCare DepartmentofRadiology AustinHospital SaintLouisUniversitySchoolofMedicine Heidelberg,Melbourne,VIC St.Louis,MO Australia USA DENISD.BENSARD WALTERL.BIFFL DepartmentofAcuteCareSurgeryDenverHealth DepartmentofSurgery MedicalCenter DenverHealthMedicalCenter UniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine Denver,CO Denver,CO USA USA LLUISBLANCH METTEM.BERGER CIBEREnfermedadesRespiratorias,ISCiii,Spainand AdultIntensiveCareMedicineServiceandBurnCenter CriticalCareCenter CHUV(UniversityHospital) HospitaldeSabadell Lausanne CorporacioParcTauli,Sabadell Switzerland Spain x ListofContributors FRANKBLOOS RICHARDD.BRANSON DepartmentofAnesthesiologyandIntensiveCare DivisionofTraumaandCriticalCare Medicine UniversityofCincinnati JenaUniversityHospital Cincinnati,OH Jena USA Germany PETERG.BRINDLEY STIJNBLOT DivisionofCriticalCareMedicine DepartmentofGeneralInternalMedicine&Infectious UniversityofAlbertaHospitals Diseases Edmonton,AB GhentUniversityHospital Canada Ghent Belgium L.D.BRITT DepartmentofSurgery KEITHBONIFACE EasternVirginiaMedicalSchool DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine Norfolk,VA TheGeorgeWashingtonUniversityMedicalCenter USA Washington,DC USA ANUPAMAG.BRIXEY DivisionofPulmonary/CriticalCareMedicine JORDANBONOMO VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter DepartmentsofEmergencyMedicineandNeurosurgery Nashville,TN UniversityofCincinnati USA Cincinnati,OH USA ITZHAKBROOK DepartmentsofPediatricsandMedicine DANIELG.BOUTSIKARIS GeorgetownUniversitySchoolofMedicine IntensiveCareUnit Washington,DC UniversityofMaryland USA MountAiry,MD USA and PATRICKD.BROPHY CombinedEmergencyMedicine/Internal DepartmentofPediatrics Medicine/CriticalCareProgram UniversityofIowaChildren’sHospital Baltimore,MD CarverCollegeofMedicine USA IowaCity,IA USA ARIANNEBOYLAN DepartmentofNeurosurgery CALVINA.BROWNIII UniversityofColoradoDenver DepartmentofEmergencyMedicine SchoolofMedicine BrighamandWomen’sHospital Denver,CO Boston,MA USA USA DEESP.M.BRANDJES PATRICIAD.BROWN DepartmentofInternalMedicine DepartmentofMedicine SlotervaartHospital WayneStateUniversity Amsterdam Detroit,MI TheNetherlands USA
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