Encyclopedia Of Historical Treaties And Alliances (Facts on File Library of World History)

1088 Pages·2005·6.52 MB·English

by  Charles Phillips

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
HISTORICAL TREATIES
AND ALLIANCES
Second Edition
Charles Phillips and Alan Axelrod
Encyclopedia of Historical Treaties and Alliances, Second Edition
Copyright © 2006, 2001 by Zenda, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Phillips, Charles, 1948–
Encyclopedia of historical treaties and alliances/ Charles L. Phillips and Alan Axelrod—
2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-6075-4 (hc)
I. Treaties—Sources. 2. Treaties—History—Encyclopedias. I. Axelrod, Alan, 1952– II. Title.
KZ1160.P48 2005
341.3'7'09—dc22 2005040003
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Text design by Erika K. Arroyo
Cover design by Cathy Rincon
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
CONTENTS
.
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TREATIES vii
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xi
INTRODUCTION xiii
1
THE ANCIENT WORLD 1
I. Introduction 3
II. Treaties 5
2
MEDIEVAL ROOTS 9
I. Introduction 11
II. Treaties 13
3
THE BIRTH OF MODERN DIPLOMACY 27
I. Introduction 29
II. Treaties 33
4
THE AGE OF REASON 71
I. Introduction 73
II. Treaties 77
Peace Treaties and Truces 78
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 94
5
A NEW WORLD 103
I. Introduction 105
II. Treaties 113
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 114
Peace Treaties and Truces 119
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 137
Diplomatic Treaties 144
Proclamations and Declarations 149
6
EPOCH OF NAPOLEON 159
I. Introduction 161
II. Treaties 169
Peace Treaties and Truces 170
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 196
7
WILDERNESS DIPLOMACY AND
CONTINENTAL EXPANSION 201
I. Introduction 203
II. Treaties 213
Peace Treaties and Truces 214
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 226
Proclamations and Declarations 245
8
THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 249
I. Introduction 251
II. Treaties 261
Peace Treaties and Truces 262
Diplomatic Treaties 265
Proclamations and Declarations 270
9
THE NEW IMPERIALISM 283
I. Introduction 285
II. Treaties 293
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 294
Peace Treaties and Truces 297
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties 324
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 340
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 359
Diplomatic Treaties 377
10
EPOCH OF THE GREAT WAR 383
I. Introduction 385
II. Treaties 397
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 398
Peace Treaties and Truces 405
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 473
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 492
Declarations 495
11
PEACE IN OUR TIME, PRELUDE TO WAR 497
I. Introduction 499
II. Treaties 507
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 508
Peace Treaties and Truces 539
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties 543
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 548
Weapons Treaties 558
Annexations and Territorial Agreements 564
Diplomatic Treaties 568
Proclamations and Declarations 574
12
THE WORLD AT WAR 577
I. Introduction 579
II. Treaties 589
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 590
Peace Treaties and Truces 611
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties 630
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 635
Diplomatic Treaties 667
Proclamations and Declarations 669
13
COLD WAR, PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE 699
I. Introduction 701
II. Treaties 709
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 710
Peace Treaties and Truces 742
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties 757
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 770
Weapons Treaties 780
Diplomatic Treaties 787
Proclamations and Declarations 790
14
A NEW WORLD ORDER 795
I. Introduction 797
II. Treaties 801
Mutual Defense Treaties, Military Alliances,
and Nonaggression Pacts 802
Peace Treaties and Truces 809
Trade Agreements and Commercial Treaties 837
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 871
Weapons Treaties 957
Proclamations and Declarations 966
EPILOGUE: INTERNATIONAL THREATS,
GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES 993
I. Introduction 995
II. Treaties 999
Multinational Conventions and Agreements 1000
Weapons Treaties 1052
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF TREATIES 1055
FURTHER REFERENCE 1061
INDEX 1073

ALPHABETICAL LIST
OF TREATIES
.
Act of Chapultepec (March 3, 1945) 635 Axis Pact (September 27, 1940) 593
Act of Havana (July 30, 1940) 669 Baghdad Pact (February 24, 1955) 733
Adams-Onís Treaty (February 22, 1819) 233 Balfour Declaration (November 2, 1917) 495
Agreement among Germany, Italy, and Japan Belfast Agreement (Good Friday Agreement)
on the Joint Prosecution of the War (April 10, 1998) 827
(December 11, 1941) 597 Boxer Protocol (September 7, 1901) 356
Agreement between Poland and the Soviet Cairo Declaration (December 1, 1943) 680
Union (July 30, 1941) 667 Camp David Accords (September 17, 1978) 809
Agreement of Mutual Assistance between Casablanca Declaration (February 12, 1943) 675
Poland and France (September 4, 1939) 537 Charter of Paris for a New Europe
Agreement of Mutual Assistance between (Paris Charter) (November 21, 1990) 802
United Kingdom and Poland Charter of the Organization of African
(August 25, 1939) 535 Unity (May 25, 1963) 773
Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War Charter of the Organization of American
(June 22, 1973) 785 States (April 30, 1948) 770
Alaska Purchase Treaty (June 20, 1867) 362 Civil War and Reconstruction Amendments
Algeciras Convention (April 7, 1906) 473 to the Constitution of the United States 280
Alliance for Progress (Declaration of Punta Clayton-Bulwar Treaty (April 19, 1850) 359
del Este) (August 17, 1961) 767 Congress of Vienna (June 9, 1815) 196
Allied Statements on the Occupation of Convention against Corruption (October 31,
Germany (June 5, November 30, 1945) 613 2003) 1035
American Civil War Truce Documents Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,
(April 7–9, 1865) 262 Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Anglo-German Naval Agreement (June 18, 1935) 562 Punishment (December 10, 1984) 877
Anglo-Transjordan Alliance (March 15, 1948) 713 Convention against Transnational Organized
Anti-Comintern Pact (November 25, 1936) 526 Crime (November 15, 2000) 1006
Anti-Comintern Pact (November 6, 1937) 528 Convention on Biodiversity (June 1992) 908
ANZUS Treaty (September 1, 1951) 724 Convention on Climate Change (May 9, 1992) 899
Articles of Agreement Establishing the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions
International Bank for Reconstruction on the Use of Certain Conventional
and Development (December 27, 1945) 633 Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be
Atlantic Charter (August 14, 1941) 671 Excessively Injurious or to Have
Austrian State Treaty (May 15, 1955) 748 Indiscriminate Effects (April 10, 1981) 871
vii
viii ENCYCLOPEDIA OF HISTORICAL TREATIES AND ALLIANCES
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Inscription Fixing Boundaries between Lagash
Stockpiling, Production, and Transfer and Umma (circa 3100 B.C.E.) 6
of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their International Convention for the Suppression
Destruction (Land Mine Ban Treaty) of the Financing of Terrorism
(September 18, 1997) 919 (December 9, 1999) 1000
Convention on the Rights of the Child Irish Peace Treaty (December 6, 1921) 539
(November 20, 1989) 890 Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization Peace
Covenant of the League of Nations Agreements (September 9 and 13, 1993;
(June 28, 1919) 484 October 23, 1998) 814
Dayton Accords (November 21, 1995) 824 Japanese Surrender Documents
Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) 152 (September 2, 3, and 12, 1945) 616
Delaware Indian Treaty (September 17, 1778) 122 Japan–United States Security Treaty
Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863) 270 (September 8, 1951) 628
Empire of Japan Treaty (Kanagawa Treaty, Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain
Perry Convention) (March 31, 1854) 333 (November 19, 1794) 144
Entente Cordiale (April 8, 1904) 379 Joint Communiqué by the United States and
European Free Trade Association Convention the Soviet Union (Détente) (June 25, 1973) 792
(January 4, 1960) 765 Joint Four-Nation Declaration of the Moscow
First Partition of Poland (July 25, 1772; Conference (October 30, 1943) 677
September 18, 1773; March 15–18, Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris)
1775; February 9, August 22, 1776) 94 (August 27, 1928) 555
First Peace of Paris (May 30, 1814) 189 Kingdom of Choson Treaty (May 22, 1882) 338
Four Power Pact (June 7, 1933) 572 Korean War Armistice (July 27, 1953) 742
Four Power Treaty (December 13, 1921) 568 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change
Franco-Czech Alliance (January 25, 1924) 515 (December 11, 1997) 927
Franco-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Lend-Lease Agreement (February 23, 1942) 630
(November 19, 1932) 522 Little Entente Treaties (August 14, 1920;
Gadsden Treaty (December 30, 1853) 243 April 23, June 5, June 7, 1921; June 27,
General Act of the Berlin Conference 1930) 508
(February 26, 1885) 344 Locarno Treaties (October 16, 1925) 548
Geneva Agreements of 1954 (July 15, 1954) 744 Lord Russell’s Treaty (Anglo-Hawaiian Treaty)
Geneva Convention of 1864 (or Red Cross (November 13, 1836) 326
Convention) (August 22, 1864) 340 Louisiana Purchase (October 20, 1803) 226
Geneva Convention on the Prevention and Maastricht Treaty (Consolidated Treaty on
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide European Unity) (February 7, 1992) 851
(December 9, 1948) 651 Magna Carta (June 15, 1215) 18
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment Mayflower Compact (November 11, 1620) 114
of Prisoners of War (August 12, 1949) 655 Monroe Doctrine (December 2, 1823) 245
“Gentlemen’s Agreement” between Austria Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete
and Germany (July 11, 1936) 574 the Ozone Layer (September 16, 1987) 884
German Act of Military Surrender Munich Pact (September 29, 1938) 566
(May 8, 1945) 611 Nine Power Treaty Concerning China
German-Polish Nonaggression Declaration (February 6, 1922) 564
(January 26, 1934) 524 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
German-Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty (December 17, 1992) 862
(September 28, 1939) 590 North Atlantic Treaty (April 4, 1949) 718
Hague Convention of 1899 (July 29, 1899) 348 Northwest Ordinance (July 13, 1787) 155
Hague Convention (1907) (October 18, 1907) 476 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (August 5, 1963) 780
HAMAS Covenant (August 18, 1988) 966 Optional Protocol to the Convention on the
Hitler-Stalin Pact (German-Soviet Rights of the Child on the Involvement of
Nonaggression Treaty) (August 23, 1939) 533 Children in Armed Conflict (May 25, 2000) 954
Hot Line Memorandum (June 20, 1963) 787 Optional Protocol to the Convention against
Indian Removal Act (May 28, 1830) 238 Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or
INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force) Treaty Degrading Treatment or Punishment
(December 8, 1987) 957 (December 18, 2002) 1028
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TREATIES ix
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Report of the Yalta (Crimea) Conference
Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, (February 11, 1945) 685
Child Prostitution and Child Pornography Rio Declaration (June 14, 1992) 976
(May 25, 2000) 935 Rome Statute of the International Criminal
Pact of Neutrality between the Union of Soviet Court (July 17, 1998) 940
Socialist Republics and Japan (April 13, 1941) 595 Second Partition of Poland (January 23, 1793;
Pact of Rio (Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal December 23, 1794; January 23, 1795) 97
Assistance) (September 2, 1947) 710 Second Peace of Paris (November 20, 1815) 193
“Pact of Steel” (Alliance between Germany Second Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Treaty with
and Italy) (May 22, 1939) 530 the Six Nations) (October 22, 1784) 129
Pact of the Arab League (March 22, 1945) 637 Secret Treaty between Germany and the Ottoman
Panama Canal Treaty (1904) (Hay–Bunau-Varilla Empire (August 2, 1914) 398
Treaty) (February 26, 1904) 371 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and
Panama Canal Treaty (1977) (and the U.S.- Mutual Assistance (February 14, 1950) 721
Panama Neutrality Act) (September 7, 1977) 837 Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty
Paris Peace Accords (January 27, 1973) 751 (SEATO) (September 8, 1954) 728
Peace of Nijmegen (August 10, September 17, Soviet Declaration on the Sovereignty of
1678; February 3, 1679) 53 the German Democratic Republic
Peace of Westphalia (October 24, 1648) 34 (March 24, 1954) 790
Peace Treaty between the Allies and Italy Soviet Denunciation of the Pact with Japan
(February 10, 1947) 622 (April 5, 1945) 691
Political Agreement between France and Poland Soviet-Finnish Nonaggression Treaty
(February 19, 1921) 511 (January 21, 1932) 520
Potsdam Protocol (August 2, 1945) 693 Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (Treaty of
Proclamation of 1763 (October 7, 1763) 149 Moscow) (March 10, 2003) 1052
Proclamation of Amnesty and Pardon for the Sykes-Picot Agreement (May 9, 1916) 492
Confederate States (May 29, 1865) 272 Taunton Agreement (April 10, 1671) 117
Proclamation of Provisional Government for Third Partition of Poland (October 24, 1795) 100
North Carolina (May 29, 1865) 274 Three-Power Declarations of the Tehran
Proclamations Ending the Civil War Conference (December 1, 1943) 682
(April 2, August 20, 1866) 276 Trade Agreement between Great Britain and
Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of Soviet Russia (March 16, 1921) 543
and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts Trade Agreements between the Soviet Union
and Components and Ammunition and Germany (August 19, 1939 and
(May 31, 2001) 1023 February 11, 1940) 546
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Treaty between Charlemagne and Michael I
Land, Sea and Air (November 15, 2000) 1014 Rangabe (811) 14
Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons to the Treaty between the Hawaiian Islands and the
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions United States (December 20, 1849) 328
on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Treaty between Richard the Lionhearted and
Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Saladin (autumn 1192) 16
Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects Treaty between the Allied and Associated Powers
(October 13, 1995) 917 and Poland on the Protection of Minorities
Protocol on Explosive Remnants of War to the (June 28, 1919) 490
Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions Treaty of Addis Ababa (October 26, 1896) 318
on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Treaty of Adrianople (September 14, 1829) 297
Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (October 18, 1748) 90
Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain and
(November 28, 2003) 1047 the Soviet Union (May 26, 1942) 599
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Treaty of Amiens (March 27, 1802) 175
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women Treaty of Annexation of Hawaii (June 16, 1897) 365
and Children (November 15, 2000) 1019 Treaty of Berlin (July 13, 1878) 342
Reconstruction Amendments to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918) 419
Constitution of the United States Treaty of Brétigny (May 8, 1360) 24
(December 1865, July 1868, March 1870) 280 Treaty of Brundisium (40 B.C.E.) 7