FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page i FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page iii FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page iv Copyright 2004 by Sage Publications,Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: Sage Publications,Inc. 2455,Teller Road Thousand Oaks,California 91320 E-mail:[email protected] Sage Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B-42,Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 110 017 India The following contributors wrote the entries listed while they were employees of the United States federal government. These entries are not copyrighted but exist in the public domain. Deborah Holtzman and Lawrence W. Green,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Willo Pequegnat,Sexually Transmitted Diseases:Prevention Edward G. Singleton and Stephen J. Heishman,Drug Craving Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of health and behavior/Norman B. Anderson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7619-2360-8 (Cloth) 1. Behavioral medicine-Encyclopedias. I. Anderson,Norman B. R726.5.E53 2004 610′.3—dc22 2003020763 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 04 05 06 07 08 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor: Jim Brace-Thompson Editorial Assistant: Karen Ehrmann Developmental Editor: Mary Riso Project Editor: Claudia A. Hoffman Copy Editors: Kate Peterson,Barbara Coster Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Indexer: Molly Hall Cover Designer: Ravi Balasuriya FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/17/03 7:02 PM Page v Contents List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi Associate Editors xv Senior Advisers xvi Contributors xvii Introduction xxvii About the Editor xxix Entries Volume I:A–G 1 Volume II: H–W 459 Appendix A:Online Resources and Health and Behavior Organizations 375 Appendix B: Bibliography 391 Author Index 913 Subject Index 933 FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page vii List of Entries Acculturation and Health Bereavement and Health Chronic Illness: Psychological Adherence to Treatment Regimens Binge Drinking in College Aspects Adoption of Health Behavior Students Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary African American Health and Biofeedback Disease: Psychosocial Aspects Behavior Blood Pressure and Hypertension: and Behavioral Treatments AIDS and HIV Measurement Chronic Pain Management AIDS and HIV:Adherence to Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Church-Based Interventions Medications in Persons With Physical Activity Cognitive Function and Health HIV Infection Blood Pressure, Hypertension, and Community-Based Participatory AIDS and HIV: Prevention of HIV Stress Research Infection Bogalusa Heart Study Community Coalitions AIDS and HIV: Stress Bulimia Nervosa:Treatment Comorbid Mental and Other Alameda County Study Physical Disorders Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Complementary and Alternative Cancer and Diet Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Medicine Cancer and Physical Activity Treatment Confounding Cancer Prevention Allostatis,Allostatic Load, and Control and Health Cancer: Psychosocial Stress Cost-Effectiveness Treatment Alzheimer’s Disease: Psychosocial Crowding and Health Cancer Screening Aspects for Caregivers Cultural Factors and Health Cancer and Smoking Anger and Heart Disease Cardiac Rehabilitation Anger and Hypertension Cardiovascular Disease Depression: Measurement Anger: Measurement Prevention: Community-Level Depression: Mortality and Other Anxiety, Heart Disease, and Interventions Adverse Outcomes Mortality Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: Depression:Treatment Anxiety: Its Meaning and Measures Diabetes: Behavioral Treatment Measurement Cardiovascular Reactivity Diabetes: Psychosocial Aspects Applied Behavior Analysis Caregiving and Stress Diffusion of Innovation Arthritis: Behavioral Treatment Center for the Advancement of Disasters and Health Arthritis: Psychosocial Aspects Health Discrimination and Health Asian American/Pacific Islander Centers for Disease Control and Divorce and Health Health and Behavior Prevention Doctor-Patient Communication Asthma: Behavioral Treatment Cerebrovascular Disease: Drug Abuse: Behavioral Treatment Asthma and Stress Psychosocial Aspects Drug Abuse: Prevention Autoimmune Diseases: Child Abuse, Child Neglect, and Drug Craving Psychosocial Aspects Health Behavioral Genetics and Health Chronic Disease Management Eating Disorders Behavioral Risk Factor Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Ecological Models:Application to Surveillance System Psychosocial Aspects Physical Activity vii FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page viii viii———Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior Ecological Momentary Assessment Heart Disease:Anger, Depression, Multiple Sclerosis: Psychosocial Ecosocial Theory and Anxiety Aspects Effect Modification Heart Disease and Diet Effort-Reward Imbalance Heart Disease and Physical National Cholesterol Education Emotions: Negative Emotions and Activity Program (NCEP) Health Heart Disease and Reactivity National Institutes of Health: Emotions: Positive Emotions and Heart Disease and Smoking Health and Behavior Research Health Heart Disease and Type A Neighborhood Effects on Health Endogenous Opioids, Stress, and Behavior and Behavior Health Hopelessness and Health Erectile Dysfunction Hostility and Health Obesity: Causes and Evidence-Based Behavioral Hostility: Measurement Consequences Medicine Hostility: Psychophysiology Obesity in Children: Physical Explanatory Style and Physical Activity and Nutritional Health Immigrant Populations Approaches Expressive Writing and Health and Health Obesity in Children: Prevention Immune Responses to Stress Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Income Inequality and Health Occupational Health and Safety Biobehavioral Aspects Infertility and Assisted Optimism, Pessimism, and Health Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Reproduction: Psychosocial Optimism and Pessimism: Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Aspects Measurement Five a Day—for Better Health! Injury Prevention in Children Program Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Pain: Psychosocial Aspects Framingham Heart Study Psychological Treatment Participatory Research Fundamental Social Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Peptic Ulcers and Stress Disease and Mortality Psychosocial Aspects Physical Activity and Health Physical Activity Interventions Gastric Ulcers and Stress Job Strain and Health Physical Activity and Mood Gate Control Theory of Pain John Henryism and Health Placebos and Health Gender Differences in Health Pregnancy Outcomes: General Adaptation Syndrome Key Informants Psychosocial Aspects Genetic Testing: Ethical, Legal, Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Pregnancy Prevention in and Social Aspects Risk Factor Study Adolescents Psychoneuroimmunology Happiness and Health Latino Health and Behavior Psychophysiology:Theory and Hardiness and Health Lipids: Psychosocial Aspects Methods Harvard Alumni Health Study Loneliness and Health Headaches: Psychological Low Birth Weight: Psychosocial Quality of Life: Measurement Management Aspects Health and Behavior Organizations Raynaud’s Disease: Behavioral Health Belief Model Medical Psychology Treatment Health Care Costs and Behavior Metabolic Syndrome and Stress Repressive Coping and Health Health Care Service Utilization: Minnesota Multiphasic Research to Practice in Health and Determinants Personality Inventory Behavior Health Communication (MMPI/MMPI-2) Rheumatoid Arthritis: Health Disparities Motivational Interviewing Psychosocial Aspects Health Literacy Multilevel Methods,Theory, and Health Promotion and Disease Analysis School-Based Health Promotion Prevention Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Self-Efficacy Health Psychology Trial (MRFIT) Self-Reported Health FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page ix List of Entries———ix Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Social Integration, Social Theory of Planned Prevention Networks, and Health Behavior Sickle Cell Disease: Psychosocial Social Marketing Theory of Reasoned Action Aspects Social or Status Incongruence Theory of Triadic Influence Sleep Disorders: Behavioral Socioeconomic Status and Health Transtheoretical Model of Treatment Spirituality and Health Behavior Change Smoking and Health Stress,Appraisal, and Coping Smoking and Nicotine Stress: Biological Aspects Violence Prevention Dependence Stress-Buffering Hypothesis Vital Exhaustion Smoking and Nicotine Stress-Related Growth Dependence: Interventions Successful Aging Women’s Health Issues Smoking Prevention and Support Groups and Health Work-Related Stress Tobacco Control Among and Health Youth Tailored Communications Worksite Health Promotion Social Capital and Health Television Viewing and Health Wound Healing and Stress FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page xi Reader’s Guide ASSESSMENT AND Ecological Momentary Smoking Prevention and Tobacco TREATMENT Assessment Control Among Youth Adherence to Treatment Regimens Evidence-Based Behavioral Support Groups and Health AIDS and HIV:Adherence to Medicine Tailored Communications Medications in Persons With Expressive Writing and Health HIV Infection Fibromyalgia Syndrome: BASIC PROCESSES, THEORY, Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment AND METHODOLOGY Treatment Genetic Testing: Ethical, Legal, Anger: Measurement and Social Aspects Adoption of Health Behavior Anxiety: Its Meaning and Headaches: Psychological Alcohol Abuse and Measurement Management Dependence Applied Behavior Analysis Health Care Costs and Behavior Allostatis,Allostatic Load, and Arthritis: Behavioral Treatment Health Care Service Utilization: Stress Asthma: Behavioral Treatment Determinants Anger: Measurement Biofeedback Health Communication Anxiety: Its Meaning and Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Hostility: Measurement Measurement Measurement Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Behavioral Genetics and Health Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Psychological Treatment Behavioral Risk Factor Physical Activity Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Surveillance System Bulimia Nervosa:Treatment Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) Blood Pressure and Hypertension: Cancer: Psychosocial Treatment Motivational Interviewing Measurement Cancer Screening National Cholesterol Education Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (NCEP) Measures Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: Obesity in Children: Physical Caregiving and Stress Measures Activity and Nutritional Community-Based Participatory Cardiovascular Reactivity Approaches Research Chronic Disease Management Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Confounding Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Optimism and Pessimism: Cost-Effectiveness Disease: Psychosocial Aspects Measurement Crowding and Health and Behavioral Treatments Physical Activity Interventions Cultural Factors and Health Chronic Pain Management Psychophysiology:Theory and Depression: Measurement Complementary and Alternative Methods Diffusion of Innovation Medicine Quality of Life: Measurement Discrimination and Health Depression: Measurement Raynaud’s Disease: Behavioral Doctor-Patient Communication Depression:Treatment Treatment Ecological Models:Application to Diabetes: Behavioral Treatment Sleep Disorders: Behavioral Physical Activity Doctor-Patient Communication Treatment Ecological Momentary Drug Abuse: Behavioral Treatment Smoking and Nicotine Assessment Eating Disorders Dependence: Interventions Ecosocial Theory xi FM-Anderson-Vol I.qxd 12/16/03 6:44 PM Page xii xii———Encyclopedia of Health and Behavior Effect Modification Vital Exhaustion Explanatory Style and Physical Effort-Reward Imbalance Wound Healing and Stress Health Endogenous Opioids, Stress, Fibromyalgia Syndrome: BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL and Health Biobehavioral Aspects INTERACTIONS Erectile Dysfunction Gastric Ulcers and Stress Fibromyalgia Syndrome: AIDS and HIV: Stress General Adaptation Syndrome Biobehavioral Aspects Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Heart Disease:Anger, Depression, Fundamental Social Causes of Allostatis,Allostatic Load, and and Anxiety Disease and Mortality Stress Hostility: Psychophysiology Gastric Ulcers and Stress Anger and Heart Disease Immune Responses to Stress Gate Control Theory of Pain Anger and Hypertension Infertility and Assisted General Adaptation Syndrome Anger: Measurement Reproduction: Psychosocial Genetic Testing: Ethical, Legal, Anxiety, Heart Disease, and Aspects and Social Aspects Mortality Lipids: Psychosocial Aspects Health Belief Model Asthma and Stress Metabolic Syndrome and Stress Health Communication Autoimmune Disorders: Obesity: Causes and Hostility: Measurement Psychosocial Aspects Consequences Immune Responses to Stress Behavioral Genetics and Pain: Psychosocial Aspects Income Inequality and Health Health Peptic Ulcers and Stress Key Informants Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Placebos and Health Metabolic Syndrome and and Stress Psychoneuroimmunology Stress Cardiovascular Psychophysiology: Psychophysiology:Theory and Multilevel Methods,Theory, and Measures Methods Analysis Cardiovascular Reactivity Stress: Biological Aspects Optimism and Pessimism: Caregiving and Stress Vital Exhaustion Measurement Cerebrovascular Disease: Wound Healing and Stress Participatory Research Psychosocial Aspects Peptic Ulcers and Stress Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Psychoneuroimmunology Psychosocial Aspects EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RISK AND Psychophysiology:Theory and Chronic Illness: Psychological PROTECTIVE FACTORS Methods Aspects Quality of Life: Measurement Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Acculturation and Health Repressive Coping and Health Disease: Psychosocial Aspects African American Health and Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Treatments Behavior Smoking and Nicotine Community-Based Participatory AIDS and HIV Dependence Research Alameda County Study Social Capital and Health Comorbid Mental and Other Alzheimer’s Disease: Psychosocial Social Marketing Physical Disorders Aspects for Caregivers Social or Status Incongruence Control and Health Anger and Heart Disease Stress,Appraisal, and Coping Depression: Mortality and Other Anger and Hypertension Stress: Biological Aspects Adverse Outcomes Anxiety, Heart Disease, and Stress-Buffering Hypothesis Diabetes: Psychosocial Aspects Mortality Successful Aging Drug Craving Arthritis: Psychosocial Aspects Television Viewing and Emotions: Negative Emotions and Asian American/Pacific Islander Health Health Health and Behavior Theory of Planned Behavior Emotions: Positive Emotions and Asthma and Stress Theory of Reasoned Action Health Autoimmune Disorders: Theory of Triadic Influence Endogenous Opioids, Stress, and Psychosocial Aspects Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavioral Risk Factor Behavior Change Erectile Dysfunction Surveillance System