Table Of Content

G Encyclopedia of overnance G Encyclopedia of overnance I Mark Bevir Editor University of California, Berkeley Copyright © 2007 by SAGE Publications,Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: SAGE Publications,Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks,California 91320 E-mail:[email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B-42 Panchsheel,Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 110 017 India Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bevir,Mark. Encyclopedia of governance / Mark Bevir. p. cm. 2 vols. planned. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-4129-0579-6 or 978-1-4129-0579-4 (cloth) 1. State,The—Encyclopedias. 2. Public administration—Encyclopedias. I. Title. JC11.B475 2007 351.03—dc22 2006015219 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher: Rolf Janke Acquisitions Editor: Lucy Robinson Developmental Editor: Paul Reis Reference Systems Coordinator: Leticia Gutierrez Project Editor: Tracy Alpern Copy Editors: Amy Freitag,Robin Gold Four Lakes Colorgraphics Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Indexer: David Luljak Cover Designer: Michelle Kenny Contents Editorial Board, vi List of Entries, vii Reader’s Guide, xv About the Editor, xxv Contributors, xxvi Preface, xxxv Introduction, xxxvii Entries Volume I: A–J 1–506 Volume II: K–Z 507–1028 Index, I-1–I-70 Editorial Board Editor Mark Bevir University of California, Berkeley, USA Associate Editors Chris Ansell University of California, Berkeley, USA Naomi Choi University of California, Berkeley, USA Colin Hay University of Birmingham, UK Andy Smith Bordeaux University, France Rorden Wilkinson University of Manchester, UK Lisa A. Zanetti University of Missouri, Columbia, USA List of Entries Accountability Bull Market Action Research Bureaucracy Adhocracy Bureau Shaping Adversarial Legalism Bureaucratic Politics Approach Advocacy Networks Business Cycle African Governance Agency Cairns Group AIDS. See HIV/AIDS Capacity Building American Governance Capitalism Anarchy Capital Market Integration Andean Community,Andean Pact Caribbean Community Antiglobalization Caribbean Governance Arab Integration Center-Local Relations Arms Control Chiang Mai Agreement Asian Financial Crisis Citizen-Centric Government Asian Governance Citizen Participation. See Empowerment Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Citizenship Association City-Region Association of Governments. See Councils of Civic Capacity Governments Civic Engagement Association of Southeast Asian Nations Civic Republicanism Audit Civic Virtue Australasian Governance Civil Rights Authoritarianism Civil Service Authority Civil Society Autopoiesis Clientelism Climate Change Baltic State Cooperation Clinical Governance Bear Market Closed Regionalism. See Open and Closed Benchmarking Regionalism Border Theory Coalition Bottom-Up Approach Coercion Bounded Rationality Collaborative Governance Bretton Woods Collaborative Planning Brokerage Collaborative Problem Solving Budgetary Autonomy Collective Action vii viii———Encyclopedia of Governance Collective Wage Bargaining Councils of Governments Collusion Crisis Management Commission on Global Governance Critical Policy Analysis. See Interpretive Common but Differentiated Responsibilities Policy Analysis Common Good Critical Theory Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Culture Governance Common-Pool Resource Customs Union. See Economic Integration Commonwealth of Independent States Cyberspace Communication Communicative Action Data Protection Communicative Rationality Decentered Theory Communism Decentralization Communitarianism Decision Making Community Association. See Neighborhood Deinstitutionalization Association Deliberative Democracy Community Organizing Democratic Deficit Competition Policy Democratic Theory Competition State Democratization Competitiveness Department. See Government Department Complexity Dependency Compliance Cost Deregulation. See Liberalization Confederalism Derivative Confidence-Building Measure Deterrence Conflict Mediation Development Assistance Committee Confucian Governance Development Theory Consensus Democracy Devolution Consent Dialogic Public Policy Consociationalism Differentiated Polity Constitutionalization Dilemma Consumption Dirigisme Contract Enforcement Discourse Contracting Out Disintermediation Convergence and Divergence Divergence. See Convergence and Divergence Cooperation Domestic Level Theories Cooptation Due Process Coordinated Market Economy Coordination East Asian Economic Grouping Core Executive Economic Community of West African States Corporate Codes of Conduct Economic Governance Corporate Governance Economic Integration Corporatism Economic Openness Corruption Economic Sociology Corruption Perceptions Index Ecosystemic Approach Cosmopolitanism E-Democracy Cost-Benefit Analysis Effectiveness Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Efficiency List of Entries———ix E-Government Functionalism Elections Futures Market Electronic Records Elitism. See Iron Law of Oligarchy G8. See Group of 7 Embeddedness Game Theory Emergency Powers Garbage Can Theory Empowerment Gender Equality Endangered Species Protection Generalized Exchange Environmental Governance Global City Epistemic Community Global Civil Society Equilibrium Theory Global Compact Equity Global Governance Ethical Consumerism Globalization Ethnic Groups Global Justice Ethnic Inclusion. See Social Inclusion Global Market Ethnonationalism Global Warming European Coal and Steel Community Glocalization European Free Trade Association Good Governance European Governance Governability European Union Governance Evaluation Research Governance Failure Everyday Maker Governance Indicators Evidence-Based Policy Government Exchange-Rate Regime Governmentality Executive Government by Proxy Export Processing Zones Government Department Externalities Government Performance and Results Act Externalization. See Contracting Out Gramscian Theory Group of 7 Failed State Group of 77 Federalism. See Intergovernmental Relations Groupthink Feminist Theory Guest Workers Financial Market Fiscal Crisis Health Care Fiscal Federalism Hedging Fordism and Post-Fordism Hegemony Forecasting Hemispheric Integration Foreign Direct Investment Heterarchy Foreign Exchange Market Hierarchy Formal Organization High-Reliability Organization Frame Analysis Hindu Governance Freedom of Information Historical Institutionalism. See New Free Riding Institutionalism Free Trade Area. See Economic Integration HIV/AIDS Free Trade Area of the Americas Hollow State Free Trade Zones. See Export Processing Zones Human Capital x———Encyclopedia of Governance Human Capital Mobility Joint Venture Humanitarian Intervention Judiciary Human Rights Human Security Keynesianism Hybridity Knowledge Management Hybrid Organization Kyoto Protocol Immigration Leadership Import Substitution Industrialization Legislature Impossible Job Legitimacy Impossibility Theorem Legitimacy Crisis Incentive Systems Liberal Internationalism Incrementalism Liberalism Indigenous Governance Liberalization Individualism Liberal Market Economy Industrialization Line-Staff Organization Informal Organization Local Governance Information Access Laws Localization Informationalism Local Knowledge Institution Local Reasoning Institutionalism Logic of Appropriateness Institutionalization Institutionalized Environment Majority Cycle Institutional Performance Market Interdependence Market Failure Interest Group Marketization Interest Intermediation Marxism Intergovernmental Relations Matrix Organization Internal Market Measurement of Governance International Courts Media Freedom International Division of Labor Mercantilism International Labour Organization Mercosur International Law and Treaties Mesoregionalism International Monetary Fund Metropolitan Governance. See Local Governance International Organization Micropolitics International Regime Middle Power Internet Governance Migration Interorganizational Coordination Military Necessity Interpretive Policy Analysis Military Occupation Interpretive Theory Millennium Development Goals Interregional Relations Ministry. See Government Department Investment Minorities. See Multiculturalism Investment Incentive Monetarism Iron Law of Oligarchy Monetary Policy Irrational Exuberance Monetary Union Islamic Governance Monopoly List of Entries———xi Most-Favored Nation Principle Organization of African Unity,The Multiculturalism Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Multilateralism Organization Theory Multilevel Governance Outsourcing. See Contracting Out Overload Narrative Theory Oversight Nation Nationalism Pacific Islands Forum Natural Resource Management Pareto Optimality Negotiation Participation Neighborhood Association Participatory Democracy Neocolonialism Path Dependence Neoliberalism Patrimonialism Neo-Marxism Peace Process Neotraditionalism Performance Measurement Network Physical Capital Network Society Planning New Institutionalism Pluralism New Poverty Research Pluralist Democracy New Public Management Policy Analysis New Regionalism Policy Cycle Nongovernmental Organization Policy Development Nonprofit Organization Policy Implementation Normal Accident Theory Policy Learning Norms Policy Network North American Free Trade Agreement Policy Predictability North Atlantic Treaty Organization Policy Style North-South Regionalism Policy Transfer Political Business Cycle Occupation. See Military Occupation Political Communication Offshoring Political Economy Oil Crisis Political Exchange Oligopoly. See Iron Law of Oligarchy Political Party Ombudsman Politics-Administration Dichotomy Open and Closed Regionalism Polyarchy Open Government Pooled Sovereignty Optimal Decision Making Positive Political Theory Optimum Currency Area Post-9/11 Organisation for Economic Co-operation Postcolonialism and Development Post-Fordism. See Fordism and Post-Fordism Organizational Culture Postmodernism Organizational Field Post–Washington Consensus Organizational Learning Poverty Reduction Organizational Structure Power Organization for Security and Cooperation Power Sharing in Europe Pragmatism