Encyclopedia of Evolution PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Evolution
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EVOLUTION (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Editorial Board EDITOR IN CHIEF Mark Pagel University of Reading EDITORS Steven A. Frank University of California at Irvine Charles Godfray Imperial College at Silwood Park Brian K. Hall Dalhousie University Kristen Hawkes University of Utah David M. Hillis University of Texas at Austin Astrid Kodric-Brown University of New Mexico Richard E. Lenski Michigan State University Andrew Pomiankowski University College London ADVISORS Sir Walter Bodmer L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza Richard Dawkins Jared M. Diamond Sarah B. Hrdy David L. Hull Richard Leakey John Maynard Smith Edward O, Wilson (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Encyclopedia of Evolution Mark Pagel EDITOR IN CHIEF V O L U ME 1 OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2002 (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dares Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sao Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and an associated company in Berlin Copyright © 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (The Oxford) encyclopedia of evolution / Mark Pagel, editor in chief. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 978-0-19-512200-8 (set) 1. Evolution (Biology)—Encyclopedias. I. Pagel, Mark D. QH360.2.O83 2002 576.8'03—dc21 2001021588 5 7 9 86 Printed in the United States of America on acidfree paper 7 (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Contents List of Articles vol. 1, p. ix Topical Outline of Articles xiii Preface xix ENCYCLOPEDIA OF EVOLUTION OVERVIEW ESSAYS: STATES OF EVOLUTION Introduction MarkPagel E-3 History of Evolutionary Thought David L. Hull E-7 The Mqjor Transitions in Evolution John Maynard Smith E-17 Macroevolution Stephen Jay Gould E-23 Culture in Chimpanzees Jane Goodall and Elizabeth Vinson Lonsdorf E-29 Human Genetic and Linguistic Diversity L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza E-37 Motherhood Sarah Blaffer Hrdy E-SS Darwinian Medicine Stephen C. Stearns E-67 Genomics and the Dawn of Proteomics M.. J. Bishop E-77 The New Replicators Daniel Dennett E-83 ALPHABETICAL ENTRIES Directory of Contributors vol. 2, p. 1157 Index 1171 (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Editorial and Production Staff Commissioning Editor Sean Pidgeon Development and Managing Editor Mark Mones Project Editor Mark Gallagher Copyeditors Laura Daly Jane McGary Melissa Dobson Proofreaders Sue Gilad Carol Holmes Index Impressions Book and Journal Services, Inc. Manufacturing Controller Genieve Shaw Book Designer Joan Greenfield Publisher Karen Day (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved. List of Articles The list of articles that follows reflects the sequence of overview essays and alphabetical entries; for particular terms not noted here, refer to the index, as well as the blind entries (e.g., "AIDS. See Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.") which appear se- lectively as headwords between alphabetical entries. OVERVIEW ESSAYS Biogeography Island Biogeography History of Evolutionary Thought Vicariance Biogeography The Major Transitions in Evolution Human Influences on Biogeography Macroevolution Bioinformatics Culture in Chimpanzees Biological Warfare Human Genetic and Linguistic Diversity Birds Motherhood Body Plans Darwinian Medicine Brain Size Evolution Genomics and the Dawn of Proteomics Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc The New Replicators ALPHABETICAL ENTRIES C. elegans Cain, Arthur James Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Cambrian Explosion Origins and Phytogeny of HIV Canalization Dynamics of HIV Transmission and Infection Cancer Adaptation Cell Evolution Agriculture Cell Lineage Origins of Agriculture Cell-Type Number and Complexity Spread of Agriculture Cellular Organelles Alarm Calls Character Displacement Algae Chromosomes Alloparental Care Classification Altruism Clonal Structure Amphibians An Overview Ancient DNA Population Structure and Clonality of Bacteria Animals Population Structure and Clonality of Protozoa Antibiotic Resistance Cloning Origins, Mechanisms, and Extent of Resistance Cnidarians Epidemiological Considerations Coalescent Theory and Modeling Strategies for Managing Resistance Codon Usage Bias Apoptosis Coevolution Archaeological Inference Comparative Method Art Complexity Theory An Overview Consciousness An Adaptive Function? Constraint Arthropods Constraints on Adaptation Artificial Life Convergent and Parallel Evolution Artificial Selection Cooperation Assortative Mating Cope's Rule Atavisms Coronary Artery Disease Cortical Inheritance Bacteria and Archaea Creationism Basic Reproductive Rate (R ) Cryptic Female Choice 0 IX (c) 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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