Encyclopedia of Energy, Natural Resource, and Environmental Economics PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Energy, Natural Resource, and Environmental Economics
E NCYCLOPEDIA OF ENERGY, NATURAL RESOURCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS Intentionally left as blank E NCYCLOPEDIA OF ENERGY, NATURAL RESOURCE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS EDITOR-IN-CHIEF JASON F SHOGREN University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA VOLUME 1 ENERGY AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NE YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Elsevier 32JamestownRoad,LondonNWI7BY,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA Copyright#2013ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. ThefollowingarticlesareUSgovernmentworksinthepublicdomainandarenotsubjecttocopyright: Markets/TechnologyInnovation/Adoption/Diffusion:Energy-EfficiencyGap Non-RenewableFossil/Nuclear/ElectricityMarkets:ModelingReserveGrowthinNaturalGasFields Policies/Incentives:Standards Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeanselectronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRightsDepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830; fax(+44)(0)1865853333;email:[email protected]. AlternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheElsevierwebsiteat(http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions),andselecting ObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial. 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BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-375067-9 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com TypesetbySpiGlobalwww.spi-global.com PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 13 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Editorial:EsmondCollins,RichardBerrymanandMariseWillis Production:NickyCarter EDITORIAL BOARD EditorinChief ProfessorJasonFShogren DepartmentofEconomicsandFinance,Universityof Wyoming,Laramie,WY,USA AssociateEditors ProfessorRunarBra¨nnlund ProfessorCatherineKling CentreforEnvironmentalandResourceEconomics, DepartmentofEconomicsandCenterforAgricultural DepartmentofEconomics,Umea˚University, andRuralDevelopment,IowaStateUniversity, Umea˚,Sweden Ames,IA,USA ProfessorErwinBulte ProfessorStephanKroll DevelopmentEconomicsGroup,WageningenUniversity, DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics, Wageningen,andDepartmentofEconomics,Tilburg ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,USA University,Tilburg,TheNetherlands ProfessorBrentSohngen ProfessorRichardHoran DepartmentofAgriculture,Environmentaland DepartmentofAgricultural,FoodandResourceEconomics, DevelopmentEconomics,TheOhioStateUniversity, MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI,USA Columbus,OH,USA Volume1Energy MaximilianAuffhammer BengtJKristro¨m DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics, DepartmentofForestEconomics,SwedishUniversityof UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley, AgriculturalSciences(SLU),CenterforEnvironmental Berkeley,CA,USA andResourceEconomics,Umea˚University,Umea˚,Sweden TimothyJConsidine KlaasTvan’tVeld DepartmentofEconomicsandFinance,Universityof DepartmentofEconomics&Finance,Universityof Wyoming,Laramie,WY,USA Wyoming,Laramie,WY,USA Volume2Resources PeterBerck CharlesFMason DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics& DepartmentofEconomics&Finance,Universityof Policy,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley, Wyoming,Laramie,WY,USA Berkeley,CA,USA RickvanderPloeg RobertTDeacon OxfordCentrefortheAnalysisofResourceRich DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofCalifornia, Economics,NewCollege,UniversityofOxford, SantaBarbara,CA,USA Oxford,UK AartDeZeeuw JunJieWu TilburgSchoolofEconomicsandManagement, DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics, TilburgUniversity,Tilburg,TheNetherlands OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,USA v vi EditorialBoard Volume3Environment PerGFredriksson KathleenSegerson DepartmentofEconomics,CollegeofBusiness,University DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofConnecticut, ofLouisville,Louisville,KY,USA Storrs,CT,USA JosephAHerriges JamesSShortle DepartmentofEconomics,IowaStateUniversity,Ames, DepartmentofAgriculturalEconomics&RuralSociology, IA,USA ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,UniversityPark, PA,USA JohnBLoomis DepartmentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomics, ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,CO,USA EDITOR BIOGRAPHIES JasonF.ShogrenistheStroockProfessorofNaturalResourceConservationandManagementand ChairoftheDepartmentofEconomicsandFinanceattheUniversityofWyoming,hisalmamater. Heworksontheeconomicsofenvironmentalandnaturalresourcepolicy.Jasonisaforeignmember oftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences,andhasservedasprofessortotheKingofSweden,alead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and as a senior economist on the CouncilofEconomicAdvisersintheWhiteHouse.Helikesmusicandfishing. © Ted Brummond RunarBra¨nnlundiscurrentlyaprofessorintheDepartmentofEconomics,Umea˚SchoolofBusiness andEconomics,Umea˚University,Sweden.HealsoactsasdeputyresearchdirectorattheCentrefor EnvironmentalandResourceEconomics,Umea˚,Sweden.Hisresearchinterestscoverseveralareas withinthefield ofenvironmental, resource,andenergyeconomics,aswellas publiceconomics. HehasbeenactingasexpertandsecretarytoanumberofSwedishgovernmentalcommissions,such astheGreenTaxCommissionandthegovernmentalscientificcouncilforclimatechange.Heisalso anelectedmemberoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciences,andtheeditor-in-chief fortheJournalofForestEconomics(Elsevier). ErwinBulteisaprofessorofdevelopmenteconomicsatWageningenUniversity,andprofessorof environmentalandresourceeconomicsatTilburgUniversity(bothintheNetherlands).Hisresearch interests include experimental economics and institutional economics, and the process of post- conflictrecovery.Erwinhaspublishedmorethan100papersininternationallyrefereedjournals. vii viii EditorBiographies RichardHoranisaprofessorofenvironmentalandnaturalresourceeconomicsintheDepartmentof Agricultural,Food,andResourceEconomicsatMichiganStateUniversity.Hisresearchinterestslie mainlyinthedesignofeconomicpoliciesformanagingcoupledeconomicandecologicalsystems, withemphasesoninvasivespeciesandpathogens,speciesconservation,andwaterquality.Hehas served as an associate editor or on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Agricultural Economics,NaturalResourceModeling,InternationalReviewofEnvironmentalandResourceEconomics, andResourceandEnergyEconomics,andheiscurrentlyacoeditorofResourceandEnergyEconomics. Catherine Kling is a professor of economics, Fellow of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association,andcurrentpresidentoftheAssociationofEnvironmentalandResourceEconomists. SheiscurrentlyinterimdirectorofCARD,wheresheleadstheResourceandEnvironmentalPolicy Division,aninterdisciplinaryresearchgroupfocusingonwaterqualityandagriculturalpractices. Catherine has published over 60 journal articles and refereed book chapters, has received seven awardsfromprofessionalassociationsforherresearch,hasbeenPI(orco-PI)onover$7millionof grants(includingNSF,EPA,USDA,andstateagencies)andholds(orhasheld)editorialpositionsat seveneconomicsjournals.Catherine’sengagementinthepolicyprocessincludesover10yearsof service as a member of EPA’s Science Advisory Board and member of five National Academy of Sciencepanels.FifteenofherformerPhDandpost-doctoralstudentsnowholdacademicpositions. StephanKroll(PhD1999,UniversityofWyoming)hasbeenanassociateprofessorintheDepart- mentofAgriculturalandResourceEconomicsatColoradoStateUniversitysince2008.Hisprevious experienceincludespositionsatSt.LawrenceUniversityandCaliforniaStateUniversity,Sacramento, aswellasteachingandresearchstintsinNorway,Germany,Austria,andVietnam. Stephanisanenvironmentalandexperimentaleconomistwithresearchinterestsinthedesignof marketinstitutionsandpolicytools,andthestudyofpublicgoods.Hehaspublishedhisresearchin journals such as the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Economic Inquiry, PublicChoice,JournalofConflictResolution,andEnvironmentalScienceandPolicy,andheisa coeditorofabookonexperimentalmethodsinenvironmentaleconomics. BrentL.SohngenisaprofessorofenvironmentalandnaturalresourceeconomicsintheDepartment of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics at the Ohio State University. He conducts researchon the sustainability of land and natural resources, and economic policies for controllingpollutionandmodelingtheimpactsofclimatechange.Brentteachescoursesentitled ‘WorldPopulation,FoodandEnvironment’and‘Energy,theEnvironmentandtheEconomy.’ CONTRIBUTORS JKAbbott EBBarbier ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA UniversityofWyoming,Laramie,WY,USA DMAdams RBarron OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,USA UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA,USA TSAidt AMBento UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UK CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA HJAlbers ABergmann OregonStateUniversity,Corvallis,OR,USA UniversityofDundee,Dundee,Scotland,UK RJAlig EBlanc Retired,USDAForestService,PacificNorthwestResearch MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge, Station,Corvallis,OR,USA MA,USA J-CAltamirano-Cabrera NBoccard UniversidadAuto´nomaMetropolitana-Azcapotzalco, UniversitatdeGirona,Girona,Spain MexicoCity,Mexico CBo¨hringer GSAmacher UniversityofOldenburg,Oldenburg,Germany VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity, JRBoyce Blacksburg,VA,USA UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,AB,Canada TLAnderson JBBraden PropertyandEnvironmentResearchCenter(PERC), UniversityofIllinois,Urbana,IL,USA Bozeman,MT,USA;HooverInstitution,Stanford, CA,USA KBrouhle GrinnellCollege,Grinnell,IA,USA AWAndo UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana, SBucaram IL,USA UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,USA RArnason DBurtraw UniversityofIceland,Reykjavik,Iceland ResourcesfortheFuture,Washington,DC,USA GBAsheim RDCairns UniversityofOslo,Oslo,Norway McGillUniversity,Montreal,QC,Canada EDAttanasi MRCaputo USGeologicalSurvey,Reston,VA,USA UniversityofCentralFlorida,Orlando,FL,USA EBaker SCardenas UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA,USA UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA,USA HSBanzhaf CCarraro GeorgiaStateUniversity,Atlanta,GA,USA UniversityCa’FoscariofVenice,Venezia,Italy ix
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