Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Death and the Human Experience
Encyclopedia of the Deatthh HHHuman & Experience Editorial Board Editors Clifton D. Bryant Dennis L. Peck Virginia Tech University The University of Alabama Associate Editors Kelly A. Joyce Hikaru Suzuki College of William & Mary Singapore Management University Vicki L. Lamb Michael R. Taylor North Carolina Central University Oklahoma State University Jon K. Reid Lee Garth Vigilant Southeastern Oklahoma State University Minnesota State University Moorhead Advisory Board Members Andrew Bernstein Michael C. Kearl Lewis and Clark College Trinity University Douglas J. Davies Michael R. Leming Durham University St. Olaf College Lynne Ann DeSpelder John L. McIntosh Cabrillo College Indiana University South Bend Kenneth J. Doka Robert A. Neimeyer College of New Rochelle University of Memphis J. C. Upshaw Downs John B. Williamson Georgia State Regional Medical Examiner’s Boston College Office Encyclopedia of thhee Deatthh HHHuman & Experience edited by Clifton D. Bryant (cid:153) Dennis L. Peck Virginia Tech University The University of Alabama Copyright © 2009 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 33 Pekin Street #02-01 Far East Square Singapore 048763 Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of death and the human experience/editors, Clifton D. Bryant [and] Dennis L. Peck. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4129-5178-4 (cloth) 1. Death—Encyclopedias. I. Bryant, Clifton D., 1932- II. Peck, Dennis L. HQ1073.E544 2009 306.903—dc22 2008052884 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher: Rolf A. Janke Assistant to the Publisher: Michele Thompson Acquisitions Editor: Jim Brace-Thompson Developmental Editor: Sara Tauber Reference Systems Manager: Leticia Gutierrez Reference Systems Coordinator: Laura Notton Production Editor: Tracy Buyan Copy Editors: Colleen B. Brennan, Amy Freitag Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreaders: Theresa Kay, Sandy Livingston, Annie Lubinsky Indexer: Joan Shapiro Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manager: Amberlyn McKay Contents List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi About the Editors xvii About the Editorial Board xix Contributors xxiii Preface xxix Introduction xxxiii Entries A 1 M 683 B 95 N 773 C 135 O 785 D 253 P 795 E 393 Q 833 G 505 R 837 H 549 S 851 I 593 T 931 J 615 V 973 K 623 W 981 L 631 Z 1001 Appendix A. Death-Related Websites 1007 Appendix B. Death-Related Organizations 1013 Index 1029 List of Entries Abortion Body Disposition Accidental Death Body Farms Acute and Chronic Diseases Brain Death Adolescence and Death Buddhist Beliefs and Traditions Adulthood and Death Burial, Paleolithic Advance Directives. See Living Wills Burial at Sea and Advance Directives Burial Insurance African Beliefs and Traditions Burial Laws After-Death Communication Buried Alive Aging, the Elderly, and Death Alcohol Use and Death Cancer and Oncology Altruistic Suicide Cannibalism Alzheimer’s Disease Capital Punishment Ambiguous Loss and Unresolved Grief Cardiovascular Disease American Indian Beliefs and Traditions Caregiver Stress Ancestor Veneration, Japanese Caregiving Ancient Egyptian Beliefs and Traditions Caskets and the Casket Industry Angel Makers Causes of Death, Contemporary Angels Causes of Death, Historical Perspectives Animism Cemeteries Anniversary Reaction Phenomenon Cemeteries, Ancient (Necropolises) Anorexia and Bulimia Cemeteries, Pet Apocalypse Cemeteries, Unmarked Graves and Potter’s Field Appropriate Death Cemeteries, Virtual Ariès’s Social History of Death Cemeteries and Columbaria, Military and Battlefield Armageddon Childhood, Children, and Death Art of Dying, The (Ars Moriendi) Chinese Death Taboos Assassination Christian Beliefs and Traditions Assisted Suicide Chronic Sorrow Atheism and Death Clergy Atrocities Cloning Australian Aboriginal Beliefs and Traditions Clothing and Fashion, Death-Related Autoerotic Asphyxia Columbarium Awareness of Death in Open and Closed Contexts Commodification of Death Communal Bereavement Banshee Communicating With the Dead Baptism for the Dead Condolences Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning Confucian Beliefs and Traditions Bioethics, History of Coping With the Loss of Loved Ones vii viii List of Entries Coroner Discretionary Death Coroner’s Jury Diseases. See Acute and Chronic Diseases Cosmetic Restoration Disenfranchised Grief Counseling, Grief and Bereavement. Disengagement Theory See Grief and Bereavement Counseling Domestic Violence Cremation Drug Use and Abuse Cremation Movements Dueling Cryonics Cult Deaths Economic Evaluation of Life Curses and Hexes Economic Impact of Death on the Family Cyberfunerals Egyptian Perceptions of Death in Antiquity Elegy Dance of Death (Danse Macabre) Embalming Daoist Beliefs and Traditions End-of-Life Decision Making Databases Epidemics and Plagues Day of the Dead Epitaphs Death, Anthropological Perspectives Equivocal Death Death, Clinical Perspectives Eschatology Death, Humanistic Perspectives Eschatology in Major Religious Traditions Death, Line of Duty Estate Planning Death, Philosophical Perspectives Estate Tax Death, Psychological Perspectives Eulogy Death, Sociological Perspectives Euthanasia Death Anxiety Exhumation Death Awareness Movement Deathbed Scene Familicide Death Care Industry Famine Death Care Industry, Economics of Fatwa Death Certificate Fear of Death. See Death Anxiety; Death Education Humor and Fear of Death Death in the Future Food Poisoning and Contamination Death Mask Forensic Anthropology Death Notification Process Forensic Science Death-Related Crime Frankenstein Death-Related Music Freudian Theory Death Squads Friends, Impact of Death of Death Superstitions Funeral Conveyances Decomposition Funeral Director Defining and Conceptualizing Death Funeral Home Deities of Life and Death Funeral Industry Demographic Transition Model Funeral Industry, Unethical Practices Denial of Death Funeral Music Depictions of Death in Art Form Funeral Pyre Depictions of Death in Sculpture and Architecture Funerals Depictions of Death in Television and the Movies Funerals, Military Deviance, Dying as Funerals, State Devil Funerals and Funeralization in Día de los Muertos. See Day of the Dead Cross-Cultural Perspective Disasters, Man-Made Funerals and Funeralization in Disasters, Natural Major Religious Traditions List of Entries ix Gender and Death Last Judgment, The Genocide Last Will and Testament Ghost Dance Legalities of Death Ghost Month Life Cycle and Death Ghost Photography Life Expectancy Ghosts Life-Extending Technologies. See Life Support Gold Star Mothers Systems and Life-Extending Technologies Good Death Life Insurance Grave Robbing Life Insurance Fraud Green Burials Life Review Grief, Bereavement, and Mourning in Cross- Life Support Systems and Life-Extending Cultural Perspective Technologies Grief, Bereavement, and Mourning in Literary Depictions of Death Historical Perspective Living a Legacy Grief, Types of Living Wills and Advance Directives Grief and Bereavement Counseling Loved One, The Grief and Dementia Lynching and Vigilante Justice Halloween Make-A-Wish Foundation Halo Nurses Program Malthusian Theory of Population Growth Hate Crimes and Death Threats Manslaughter Heaven Martyrs and Martyrdom Hell Massacres Hindu Beliefs and Traditions Mass Suicide HIV/AIDS Medical Examiner Holidays of the Dead Medicalization of Death and Dying Holocaust Medical Malpractice Homicide Medical Mistakes Honor Killings Megadeath and Nuclear Annihilation Hospice, Contemporary Memorial Day Hospice, History of Memorials Humor and Fear of Death Memorials, Quilts Memorials, Roadside Immortality Memorials, War Infanticide Mesoamerican Pre-Columbian Beliefs and Infant Mortality Traditions Informed Consent Middle Age and Death Inheritance Military Executions Instrumental Grieving: Gender Differences Miscarriage and Stillbirth Isolation Missing in Action (MIA) Monuments Jewish Beliefs and Traditions Mortality Rates, Global Jihad Mortality Rates, U.S. Mortuary Rites Kamikaze Pilots Mortuary Science Education Karoshi Mummies of Ancient Egypt Kübler-Ross’s Stages of Dying Mummification, Contemporary Museums of Death Lamentations Muslim Beliefs and Traditions Language of Death Mythology
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