Encyclopedia of Criminology PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Criminology
Encyclopedia of CRIMINOLOGY Volume 1 This page intentionally left blank Encyclopedia of CRIMINOLOGY Volume 1 A-G Richard A. Wright J. Mitchell Miller Editors ROUTLEDGE New York • London Published in 2005 by Routledge An Imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Published in Great Britain by Routledge An Imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon, OX14 4RN, U.K. Copyright © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of criminology/Richard A. Wright, editor, J. Mitchell Miller, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57958-387-3 (set: alk. paper) — ISBN 1-57958-465-9 (vol. 1: alk. paper) — ISBN 1-57958-466-7 (vol. 2: alk. paper) — ISBN 1-57958-467-5 (vol. 3: alk. paper) 1. Criminology—Encyclopedias. I. Wright, Richard A. (Richard Alan), 1953- II. Miller, J. Mitchell. HV6017.E5295 2005 364'.03—dc22 2004004861 ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Robert Agnew Carl B. Klockars Emory University University of Delaware Thomas J. Bernard Lorraine Green Mazerolle Pennsylvania State University Griffith University John Braithwaite Roslyn Muraskin Australian National University Long Island University C.W. Post Campus Dean J. Champion Daniel Nagin Texas A & M University Carnegie Mellon University Francis T. Cullen Richard Quinney University of Cincinnati Northern Illinois University Lee Ellis Hans Joachim Schneider Minot State University University of Westfalia Rosemary I. Gartner Martin D. Schwartz University of Toronto Ohio University Loraine Gelsthorpe Jock Young University of Cambridge Middlesex University Andrew Karmen Marvin Zalman John Jay College of Criminal Justice Wayne State University v This page intentionally left blank DEDICATION To Richard A. Wright, an outstanding scholar, colleague, and friend This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Alphabetical List of Entries xi Thematic List of Entries xix Introduction xxvii Acknowledgments xxxi Entries A to G 1–658 Contributors 1785 Index 1803 ix
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