ebook img

Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship PDF

1941 Pages·2013·28.14 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

Elias G. Carayannis Editor Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship 1 3 Reference Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship Elias G. Carayannis Editor Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship With376Figuresand97Tables Editor EliasG.Carayannis DepartmentofInformationSystems&Technology Management,SchoolofBusiness GeorgeWashingtonUniversity Washington,DC,USA ISBN978-1-4614-3857-1 ISBN978-1-4614-3858-8(eBook) ISBN978-1-4614-4579-1(Printandelectronicbundle) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013931184 #SpringerScienceþBusinessMediaLLC2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthis legalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterial suppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,for exclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationof hispublicationorpartsthereofis permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its currentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsfor usemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceof specificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty, expressor mplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScienceþBusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface I am pleased to share with you perhaps the first in its nature, scale and scope, publishing project trying to bring together theories, practices and policies related to the nature and dynamics of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship. In collaboration with Springer Pub- lishers, the four Associate Editors of the Springer Encyclopedia of Creativity, Invention, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship and I have brought to completion this precedent-setting and intellectual footprint- defining Work of Reference. The aim has been to help define the intel- lectual scaffolds for the four related emerging thematic areas of research and practice. EditorialBoard Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Elias G. Carayannis, Department of Information Systems&TechnologyManagement,SchoolofBusiness,GeorgeWashington University,USA Creativity Associate Editor Dr. Igor N. Dubina, Altai State University, Russia Invention Associate Editor Prof. Dr. Norbert Seel, University of Freiburg, Germany Innovation Associate Editor Dr. David F. J. Campbell, University of Klagenfurt,Austria EntrepreneurshipAssociateEditorProf.Dr.DimitriUzunidis,Universitedu Littoral,France TheCI2EEncyclopediahasatotalof274entriesincludingdefinitions/ entriesofapproximately2,000-4,000wordsapiecepluslonger(upto6000 words) essays. The presentation style of the entries is informational / educational; the entries describe, define, synthesize, and review a topic, whereas there are several entries that showcase original theoretical or empiricalresearchfindings(seeforinstancethepieceontheEpidemiology of Innovation). We have included qualified input from Government, University, Industry and Civil Society researchers, policy makers and practitioners. Allcontributionswerereviewed onthebasis ofpeer review aswellaseditorialreview. v vi Preface TheCI2EEncyclopediawillconsistofbothprintandon-lineversionsand willremainalivingconceptualplatformthatwillincorporatenewentrieson anongoingbasisinitsonlineversionandwillhavefollowupprinteditions onaperiodicbasis. May2013 EliasG.Carayannis PhD,MBA,BScEE,CPMMA Washington,DC,USA About the Editor EliasG.Carayannis Title:ProfessorofScience,Technology,InnovationandEntrepreneurship Department: Information Systems & Technology Management, School of Business Address:FungerHall,Suite515C Phone:(202)994-4062 Email:[email protected] Degrees: Ph.D.,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,1994 M.B.A.,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,1990 B.Sc.E.E.,NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens,Greece,1985 AreaofExpertise Dr. EliasG.Carayannisisfullprofessor ofScience, Technology,Innovation andEntrepreneurship,aswellasco-founderandco-directoroftheGlobaland EntrepreneurialFinanceResearchInstitute(GEFRI)anddirectorofResearch on Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, European Union ResearchCenter,(EURC)attheSchoolofBusinessoftheGeorgeWashington UniversityinWashington,DC.Dr.Carayannis’teachingandresearchactivi- ties focus on the areas of strategic Government-University-Industry R&D vii viii AbouttheEditor partnerships,technologyroad-mapping,technologytransferandcommercial- ization, international science and technology policy, technological entrepre- neurship,andregionaleconomicdevelopment. Publications Dr. Carayannis has several publications in both academic and practitioner journals,includingthefollowing: (cid:129) IEEETransactionsinEngineeringManagement (cid:129) ResearchPolicy (cid:129) JournalofR&DManagement (cid:129) JournalofEngineeringandTechnologyManagement (cid:129) InternationalJournalofTechnologyManagement (cid:129) InternationalJournalofEntrepreneurshipandInnovationManagement (cid:129) InternationalJournalofTechnovation (cid:129) JournalofTechnologyTransfer (cid:129) EngineeringManagementJournal (cid:129) JournalofGrowthandChange (cid:129) ReviewofRegionalStudies (cid:129) InternationalJournalofGlobalEnergyIssues (cid:129) InternationalJournalofEnvironmentandPollution (cid:129) LeProgresTechnique (cid:129) FocusonChangeManagement Hehasalsopublished16bookstodateonscience,technology,innovation and entrepreneurship with Springer Publishers, CRC Press, Praeger/ Greenwood, Palgrave/MacMillan, and Edward Elgar, and has several more projectsundercontract. He has also published working papers with the World Bank and given invitedlecturesonanumberofoccasionsattheWorldBank,theIADB,the EuropeanUnion,andseveraluniversities. ProfessionalActivities Dr.Carayannishasthefollowingprofessionalrolesandaffiliations: (cid:129) EditorinchiefoftheSpringerJournaloftheKnowledgeEconomy (cid:129) EditorinchiefoftheSpringerJournalofInnovationandEntrepreneurship: ASystemsViewAcrossTimeandSpace (cid:129) Editor in chief of the IGI International Journal of Social Ecology and SustainableDevelopment (cid:129) EditorinchiefoftheEdwardElgarBookSeriesonScience,Technology, InnovationandEntrepreneurship (cid:129) Editor in chief of the Springer Book Series on Innovation, Technology, andKnowledgeManagement (cid:129) Associate editor of the International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development (cid:129) VisitingprofessorattheJo¨nko¨pingSchoolofEntrepreneurship,Sweden (cid:129) VisitingprofessoratGrenobleEcoledeManagement,France (cid:129) VisitingseniorresearchfellowatSoutheasternEuropeanResearchCenter, Greece (cid:129) VisitingseniorresearchfellowatNIFU-STEP,Norway AbouttheEditor ix Hehasconsultedforawidevarietyoftechnology-drivenorganizationsin both government and the private sector, including the World Bank, the European Commission, the Inter-American Development Bank, the US Agency for International Development, IKED, the National Science FoundationSmallBusinessInnovationResearchProgram,theNationalInsti- tute of Standards and Technology Advanced Technology Program, the National Coalition for Advanced Manufacturing (NACFAM), the USN CNO Office, Sandia National Laboratories’ New Technological Ventures Initiative, the General Electric Corporate Training & Development Center, Cowen&Co,FirstAlbanyInternational,andothers. CurrentResearch Dr.Carayannisisengagedwithdoctoralstudentsandcolleaguesfromaround theworldinthefollowingareasofresearch: (cid:129) TechnologyInnovationandEntrepreneurship (cid:129) NewTechnologyVenturesFormationandFinancing (cid:129) TechnologyInnovationMetricsandMeasurement (cid:129) InternationalScience&TechnologyPoliciesandPractices (cid:129) InternationalDevelopmentandTechnologyEntrepreneurship (cid:129) TechnologyTransferandCommercialization (cid:129) StrategicGovernment–University-IndustryR&DPartnerships (cid:129) RegionalEconomicDevelopment (cid:129) InnovationNetworksandKnowledgeClusters (cid:129) ICT-EnabledTechnologyInnovationandEntrepreneurship Other Dr. Carayannis is the co-founder and co-director of the Global and EntrepreneurialFinanceResearchInstitute(GEFRI)anddirectorofResearch on Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship of the European UnionResearchCenter(EURC)attheGWSchoolofBusiness. He is fluent in English, French, German, Greek, and has a working knowledgeofSpanish.

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.