Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology PDF
Preview Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology
Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology Jeffrey S. Kreutzer John DeLuca Bruce Caplan Editors Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology With199Figuresand139Tables Editors JeffreyS.Kreutzer,PhD,ABPP,FACRM BruceCaplan,PhD,ABPP RosaSchwarzCifuProfessorof IndependentPractice PhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation,andProfessorof 564M.O.B.East,100E.LancasterAve. Neurosurgery,andPsychiatryVirginiaCommonwealth Wynnewood,PA19096 University–MedicalCenter USA DepartmentofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation [email protected] VCU P.O.Box980542 Richmond,Virginia23298-0542 USA [email protected] JohnDeLuca,PhD,ABPP VicePresidentofResearch KesslerFoundationResearchCenter 1199PleasantValleyWay WestOrange,NJ07052 USA and ProfessorofPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation,and NeurologyandNeuroscienceUniversityofMedicineand DentistryofNewJersey–NewJerseyMedicalSchool [email protected] ISBN978-0-387-79947-6 e-ISBN978-0-387-79948-3 PrintandelectronicbundleISBN978-0-387-79949-0 DOI10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3 SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010933970 ©SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped isforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch, isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofgoingtopress,neitherthe authorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.The publishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Productliability:Thepublisherscannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationaboutdosageandapplicationcontainedin thisbook.Ineveryindividualcasetheusermustchecksuchinformationbyconsultingtherelevantliterature. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScienceþBusinessMedia(www.springer.com) We dedicate the Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology to our teachers and mentors, the people who taught, supported,andinspiredustochooseandfollowcareersinthefieldofclinicalneuropsychology. David MichaelScott, ingraduate school,first helpedmeappreciate theimportance of learningabout thebrain and nervous system. Alexander Manning taught me about the brain and standardized neuropsychological assessment. DonaldKauschtaughtmehowtoadministerandinterprettheHalsteadReitanandtestsdesignedbyArthurBenton. My internship supervisors, Muriel Lezak, Larry Binder, Diane Howieson, Richard Erickson, Orin Bolstad, David Shaw, and Julian Taplin taught me so much about neuropsychology, how to work with families, and inspired me on to a career inthefield. JeffreyT.Barth, RonaldRuff,and HarveyLevin, colleagues Iworked withonthe TraumaticComa Data Bank project, helped me learn neuropsychological research methods, brain injury, and how to be patient and tenacious. Mitchell Rosenthal, Paul Wehman, and Henry Stonnington taught me about rehabilitation, teamwork, hope,andhowtobepractical. JSK Asanundergraduate,MartinHahnlitthefirewithinmeregardinganinterestinscience,whichlaunchedmypursuitfor advancededucationinbrain-behaviorrelations.DickBurrighttaughtmeaboutcriticalthinkinginscience,throughalot ofhardwork.PeterDonovickguidedmethroughgraduateschool,evenwhenthepathaheadseemedunclear,andwas theprimaryreasonIdiscoveredmyultimatecareerpathinhumanneuropsychology.KeithCiceroneroundedoutmy skillsandprovidedmewiththefinishingtouchesinmyeducationandtrainingandhelpedmecarveoutmyparticular nicheinneuropsychology,whichincludedbothresearchandclinicalactivities.JoelDeLisaprovidedmewiththefertile environmentIneededtolaunchmycareerinclinicalneuropsychology,particularlybysupportingaresearchenviron- mentbasedonmyowninterests,approach,andskills,allowingmetopursueacareerfirstdreamedasanundergradu- ate.Lastlyandperhapsmostimportantly,Idedicatethisworktoallofmypost-doctoralandpre-doctoraltrainees,too numeroustolist,whohavechallengedmeprofessionallyandpersonally,andbyfarhavehadthemostinfluenceonthe successinmycareer.IhopethatIhavehadbutafractionofaninfluenceontheirs. JDL To: Marcel Kinsbourne, who gets the credit (and blame) for awakening my interest in neuroscience in general and neuropsychology in particular and exposing me to world-class intellects; Leonard Diller, from whom I learned the joy of immersion in – and struggle to master – both the historical and contemporary neuropsychology and rehabilitation literature; Charles Gibson, who gave me (in retrospect, perhaps unwisely) an inordinate amount of professional freedom in my first real job; Mitchell Rosenthal, who embodied the lesson I learned from my father, JeromeCaplan,(‘‘Bekind,becauseeveryoneyoumeetisfightingahardbattle’’)andencouragedmetodothesame;and listed last,butmostimportant, mymultifaceted partner, JudyShechter,my‘‘intellectual boomerang’’colleague and constantsourceofentertainment. BC Acknowledgement Theconceptualization,compilation,and productionoftheEncyclopediaofClinicalNeuropsychologyspannedmore thanfouryears.Wesetouttodevelopauniquelycomprehensive,authoritative,indispensablereferencework,andwe are hopeful that our goal has been achieved. We owe an immeasurable debt to the many people who supported us throughthecourseoftheproject.Foremost,wearegratefultoourfamiliesfortheirenthusiasticsupport,encourage- ment,andpatience.WeareindebtedtoourcadreofesteemedAssociateEditorsforhelpingtodeveloptheirsections, recruit contributors, and ensurethepresence of consistently high qualityentries. We express our appreciation to the brilliantgroupofauthorswhoseeffortsformthecoreofourproject.WeareimmenselyindebtedtothesuperbSpringer major reference works team including Janice Stern, Anil Chandy, Lydia Mueller, and Oona Schmid who taught us, encouragedus,keptusorganizedandontrack,andhelpeduseverystepoftheway.Wearealsogratefultoourstudents, patients,andtheirfamiliesfromwhomwelearnedmuchaboutfacingchallengesandthevalueofbeingpractical. JeffreyS.Kreutzer JohnDeLuca BruceCaplan Preface It is doubtful that there is a more rapidly evolving psychological specialty than clinical neuropsychology. Every day, clinicians are challenged to help patients with a widening variety of cognition-compromising disorders including traumatic brain injury, vascular conditions, brain tumors, developmental disabilities, psychiatric disturbances, and neurodegenerativedisorders. Somepractitionersservepediatricpopulations,otherstreattheelderly,andmanyserve generaladultpopulations. Somepatientshaveprogressivedisorders,whileotherscanachievesubstantialimprovement overtime.Assessmentistypicallythestartingpoint,withcliniciansaddressingamyriadofreferralquestions,whichmay relate to the patient’s ability to work, return to school, manage personal affairs, drive, live independently, or be considered eligible for disability benefits. Increasingly, clinicians are involved in civil and forensic proceedings, contributingtodecisionsaboutresponsibility,competence,andentitlementtodamagesforinjury. In fulfilling its clinical mandates, clinical neuropsychology relies strongly on its research base. As a hybrid of cognitivepsychology,neuroscienceandclinicalpsychology,clinicalneuropsychologyinvestigationsareattheforefront of translational research in brain-behavior relations. The future of both clinical practice and research lies with our traineesatalllevels—undergraduate,doctoralandpost-doctoral.Easilyaccessibleandfrequentlyupdatedknowledge inclinicalneuropsychologyprovidesthefoundationfortheeducationandtrainingofourfutureclinicalneuropsychol- ogists. A fundamental aim of this work has been to provide such a resource and, with the online version, to permit revisionandexpansionasthefieldevolves. Mostneuropsychologicalreferencebooksfocusprimarilyonassessment,diagnosis,functionalneuroanatomy,and descriptionsofvariousdiseaseentitiesandtheirhighercorticalconsequences.Todate,nonehasbeenencyclopedicin format.Weseeitasamarkofthematurityofthefieldthatsuchamulti-volumepublicationisnowwarranted. Clinicians,patients,familymembers,researchersandstudentsallrecognizethatevaluationanddiagnosisisonlya startingpointforthetreatmentandrestorationprocess.Fewwouldbesatisfiedwithanend-productconsistingonlyofa diagnosis and/or description of the patient’s cognitive topography. During the past decade, treatment services have proliferated,andneuropsychologistshavebeenintheforefrontofthesedevelopmentsbecauseoftheirspecialtraining and experience. Neuropsychological clinicians now provide a variety of services in addition to assessment including psychological counseling, neurobehavioral management, cognitive rehabilitation, family intervention, and vocational rehabilitationinhospitalsandcommunity-basedsettings. Inviewofthisexpandedscopeofcontemporarypractice,we envisionedanencyclopediacontaininginformationpertinenttotheseactivities. This encyclopedia will serve as a unified, comprehensive reference for professionals involved in the diagnosis, evaluation,andrehabilitationofchildrenandadultswithneuropsychologicaldisorders.Itwillalsoprovidestudentsand scientistswiththebreadthofknowledgeneededtobuildascientificbasisforinterventionsandtreatmentforpatients. WehopeEncyclopediaofClinicalNeuropsychologyisthefirstplacereadersturnforfactual,relevant,andcomprehen- siveinformationtoaidindeliveringthehighestqualityservices. September2010 JeffreyS.Kreutzer JohnDeLuca BruceCaplan
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