Encyclopedia of African Literature

886 Pages·2005·4.37 MB·English

by  Simon Gikandi (edt)

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF AFRICAN
LITERATURE

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
AFRICAN LITERATURE
Edited by Simon Gikandi
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2003
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
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© 2003 Routledge
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Encyclopedia of African literature/edited by Simon Gikandi.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. African literature—Encyclopedias. I. Gikandi, Simon.
PL8010 .E63 2002
809‘.896‘03–dc21
2002072757
ISBN 0-203-36126-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-37382-0 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-23019-5 (Print Edition)
Contents
Editorial team vi
List of contributors vii
Introduction xi
Acknowledgements xvi
Entries A-Z 1
Index 822
Editorial team
General editor
Simon Gikandi
University of Michigan, USA
Associate editors
Aida Bamia
University of Florida, USA
Kenneth Harrow
Michigan State University, USA
Isabel Hofmeyr
University of the Witwatersrand, South
Africa
Eileen Julien
Indiana University, USA
Ntongela Masilela
Pitzer College, USA
List of contributors
University of New Mexico, USA
Hédi Abdel-Jaouad Debra S.Boyd-Buggs
Skidmore College, USA Winston-Salem State University, USA
Adélékè Adé k Emmanuel Chiwome
University of Colorado at Boulder, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
USA
Magali Compan
Peter F.Alexander University of Michigan, USA
University of New South Wales,
John Conteh-Morgan
Australia
Ohio State University, USA
Roger Allen
Brenda Cooper
University of Pennsylvannia, USA
University of Cape Town, South
Apollo O.Amoko Africa
University of Florida, USA
Eleni Coundouriotis
Susan Z.Andrade University of Connecticut, USA
University of Pittsburgh, USA
Gaurav Desai
David Attwell Tulane University, USA
Universiy of Natal, South Africa
Samba Diop
Ousmane Ba Harvard University, USA
University of Gabon, Libreville,
André Djiffack
Gabon
University of Oregon, USA
F.Odun Balogun
Neil Doshi
Delaware State University, USA
University of Michigan, USA
Aida A.Bamia
Kandioura Drame
University of Florida, USA
University of Virginia, USA
Carole M.Beckett
Dorothy Driver
University of Natal, South Africa
University of Cape Town, South
Sid Ahmed Benraouane Africa
University of Minnesota, USA
Maureen N.Eke
Ann Biersteker Central Michigan University, USA
Yale University, USA
Frieda Ekotto
Stephen Bishop University of Michigan, USA
viii
Ernest Emenyonu University of Michigan, USA
University of Michigan, USA
Huma Ibrahim
Rasheed El-Enany Long Island University, USA
University of Exeter, UK
Ena Jansen
Roger Field University of the Witwatersrand, South
University of Western Cape, South Africa
Africa
Cilas Kemedjio
Graham Furniss University of Rochester, USA
SOAS, University of London, UK
Sue Kossew
Rachel Gabara University of New South Wales,
Princeton University, USA Australia
Carmela Garritano N.P.Maake
Michigan State University, USA University of Pretoria, South Africa
Harry Garuba Beverly B.Mack
University of Cape Town, South University of Kansas, USA
Africa
Lisa McNee
Olakunle George Queen’s University, Canada
Brown University, USA
Véronique Maisier
Ferial J.Ghazoul Southern Illinois University, USA
American University in Cairo, Egypt
Meredith Martin
Simon Gikandi University of Michigan, USA
University of Michigan, USA
Danielle Marx-Scouras
Susan Gorman Ohio State University, USA
University of Michigan, USA
Ntongela Masilela
Seth Graebner Pitzer College, USA
Washington University, USA
Khaled Al Masri
William Granara University of Michigan, USA
Harvard University, USA
Joseph Mbele
Kwaku A.Gyasi St Olaf College, USA
University of Alabama, USA
Mona N.Mikhail
Malcolm Hacksley New York University, USA
National English Literary Museum,
Jabulani Mkhize
South Africa
University of Durban-Westville, South
Waïl S.Hassan Africa
Illinois State University, USA
Rosemary Moeketsi
Jarrod Hayes
ix
University of South Africa, South Vincent O.Odamtten
Africa Hamilton College, USA
Reidulf Molvaer James Ogude
Frogner, Oslo, Norway University of the Witwatersrand, South
Africa
Jenny Mosdell
Rhodes University, South Africa Dan Odhiambo Ojwang
University of the Witwatersrand, South
Zodwa Motsa
Africa
University of South Africa, South
Africa Charles Okumu
Vista University, South Africa
Lydie Moudileno
University of Pennsylvania, USA Martin Orwin
SOAS, University of London, UK
Phaswane Mpe
University of the Witwatersrand, South Osayimwense Osa
Africa Clark Atlanta University, USA
Lupenga Mphande Kwadwo Osei-Nyame, Jnr
Ohio State University, USA SOAS, University of London, UK
Mpalive-Hangson Msiska Jean Ouédraogo
Birkbeck College, University of SUNY-Plattsburgh, USA
London, UK
George Odera Outa
David Murphy University of the Witwatersrand, South
University of Stirling, UK Africa
Stephanie Newell Kofi Owusu
Trinity College, Ireland Carleton College, USA
M’bare Ngom B.Akin Oyètádé
Morgan State University, USA SOAS, University of London, UK
Thengani H.Ngwenya Grant Parker
University of Durban Westville, South Duke University, USA
Africa
Elaine M.Pearson
Raymond Ntalindwa National English Literary Museum,
UK South Africa
André Ntonfo Phyllis Peres
University of Yaoundé, Cameroon University of Maryland, USA
Wangar wa Nyatet(cid:0) -Waigwa Bhekizizwe Peterson
Weber State University, USA University of the Witwatersand, South
Africa
Anthère Nzabatsinda
Vanderbilt University, USA Katarzyna Pieprzak