Encyclopaedia Britannica

1267 Pages·1922·218.456 MB·English

by  Encyclopaedia Britannica

THE
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
BRITANNICA
TWELFTH EDITION
ey
VOLUME Il
ENGLISH LITERATURE -
ON TAN,
THE
ENCYCLOPADIA BRITANNICA
NEW VOLUMES
FIRST edition, published in chree volumes, 1768—1771
SECOND 5 ‘a ten z 1777—1784.
THIRD s Ss aghtecn eg 1758—1797.
FOURTH s 43 twenty ji 1801—1810.
FIFTH j S twenty K 1815—1817.
SIXTH j ñ twenty M 1823—1824.
SEVENTH s j twenty-one p 1830—1842.
EIGHTH S 3 twenty-two, IRs 3—T $60.
NINTH ji s twenty-five ,„ 1875—11 SQ.
TENTH » (ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes), 1902—~190}3.
ELEVENTH „published in twenty-nine volumes, IgiO—1gII.
TWELFTH » eleventh edition and three new volumes). 1922—
THE
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA
THE NEW VOLUMES
CONSTITUTING, IN COMBINATION WITH THE TWENTY-NINE VOLUMES
OF THE ELEVENTH EDITION,
THE TWELFTH EDITION
OF THAT WORK, AND ALSO SUPPLYING
` A NEW, DISTINCTIVE, AND INDEPENDENT LIBRARY OF REFERENCE
DEALING WITH EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF
THE PERIOD 1910 TO 1921 INCLUSIVE
Tre SECOND oF THe New VOLUMES
VOLUME XXXI
ENGLISH LITERATURE to OYAMA, IWAO
LONDON
THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA COMPANY, LTD.
New YORK
THE ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, INC.
1922
INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XXXI. TO IDENTIFY CONTRIBUTORS!
WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES TO WHICH
THESE INITIALS ARE SIGNED.
A.A. LIEUTENANT COLONEL ALFRED WILLIAM Arcock, C.LE., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S. í
Indian Meaical Service (retired). Professor of Medical Zoology in the University
+ Medical Entomology.
of London, at the London School ao Tropical Medicine. Author of ol Nuturaiist
in Indian Seas; Entomology for Medical Ogicers; ete. |
Falkland Islands Battle;
, “Goeben and Breslau "5
A. C.D. Captain ALFRED C. Dewar. R.N. (RET.}. B.Litt. (Oxon.). Heligoland Bight;
Goid Medatust. Royal United Service Institution, Late of the Historical Section, ; Jutland, Battie of;
Navai strait, Admiralty. \ Minesweeping and Mine-
laying;
Naval History of the War.
A. D.* COMMANDANT À. DOUMENC.
French Army Stai. Oficer of the Legion of Honour D.S.O. Director of the Motor T t Milit
French Army Mechanical Transport Service during the war. Author ui Les } A OOT transport, MENaTy.
Tronsporis Aulomobiles sur le Front frangats. |
ÀA. E. ARTHUR ELOESsSER, Pu.D. (Berin). |
Author of Die uciieste deutsche Ucocrseieune Moehèriescher Liustspicic, Dus liur- | German Literature.
geriiche Drama, faiterarische Portraits aus dem modernen Frankrelch, ele |
Å. E. D. ALBERT Esar Daves, L.C.C.
Hon. Lecturer in Business Finance, Leeds University Vellow of the Roval
Economic Society. Author of Fhe State in Business, The Nalionalicalion ej |Nati onalization.
Railways; Lie Case Jor Nationalicsation, Land Nultoneliaition, etc.
À. E. M. ALF Mrsxores., BLT. f
Ivrecter of the Analytic Report of the Second Chamber of the States General, ¢ Holland (in part),
Hollaad. |
À. E. S.* ADDISON ERWIN SHELDON, A.M., Pu. D.
Superintendent, Nebraska State Historical Sociciy, Author of Mistery and
Slorics of Nebraska: Poems oad Skeleies of Nebraska, Neoraska Cunstilationut Nebraska.
Cenventions. Editor cÍ Nebraska Biue Book.
A. F.* ARTHUR FEILER. (
On the Stafi of the Frankfurter Zeitung. Member of the Economic Council of ic aoit
the German Reich. Author of Die Konjunktur- Periede, 1907 13, in Deutsch > CEMMANY! Hrnanes,
luvi, Hordespeliiin und Krieg, eic |
A. Fx. ABRAHAM FLEXNER. f 2 ; Shr
Secretary af the Genera) Education Board, New York. Author of Afedice/ ee Education: Uniied
Lducaiion inine United States, pees
A. F. Hu. ARTHUR Fere rick Hest, MA, MLD. (Oxon, FRC, Medici as » Dis
Liculenznt-Colonel, lute R.A.M.C, Physician and Neurologist to Guy’s Hos- ¢ “eerie ane surgery: Lirs-
pirtra l, eases tn the IV orid Wer.
À. F. Pr. Atrrien FRANCIS PRIBRAM, Pu. D. f
Proiessoro f Modern History in the University of Vienna. Member of the Vienne. |FF rraanncciiss FJeorsdeipnha]n d;
Acacemy of Science, ete.
1A complete list, showing all contributors to the New Volumes (arranged according to the alphabetical order of their surnames) with
the articles signed by them, appears ai the end of Volume XXXII.
Vv
vi INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES
A.H. E.T.
ARTHUR H. E. TAYLOR, B.A.
Author of The Future of the Southern Slavs; ete. \M ontenegro,
AK.
GENERAL Moritz AUFFENRERG-ROMAROW. {L emberg (Lvov), Battles
See the biographical article: AUFFENBERC- KomARow, Moritz. Round: Peri I.
ÀA. L.C. COLONEL ARTHUR LaTHamM Concer. U.S. ARMY.
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S.A). C.M.G. Legion of Honour. Formerly Meuse-Argonne, Battle of,
Co-editor of The Miary Historion end Economist.
A. M. BARON ALEXANDER MEYENDORFF. f
Teacher of Russian Law. Institutions and Economics, King’s College (London 1 Esthonia;
University). Formerly Member of the Russian Duma and Senator. Formerly Latvia,
Privatdozent at Petrograd University.
A.M. H. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL ÅA. M, HENNIKER. Inland Water Transport,
A.R.A. ARTHUR RICEMOND ATKINSON, B.A. (Oxon.).
Sometime Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford; Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Massey, W. F.;
Inn; Barrister and Solicitor ef the Supreme Court of New Zealand; Member of New Zealand,
the New Zealand House of Representatives, 1899-1902.
AR W. ANDR:w R. WARNER, A.M, M.D. . i
Executive Secretary, Amevican Hospital Association. Superintencent Lakeside
Hospital, Cleveland, Chio, tg07-19. Member of the War Service Commutee on Hospitals: United States
Hospitais duriag the World War. President American Hospital Association
1918-9. Joint-author of Disperserics.
eeeee eoe
A. S.* SIR ARTHUR ScnusTrr. Put. Sc.T., D.Se.. F.R.S.
Hon. Professor of Physics in the University of Manchester. Author of Iutrodue-
fies lo the Theory of Optics; ete. Joint-author (with Sir Arthur Shipley) of International Science. — `
Britain's Herituge of Science. See biographical article: SCHUSTER, SIR ARTHUR.
A. Se. Austi~ Scott, A.B., AML, Pu.D , LL.D.
Proiessor of History and Political science, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
N.J.
|
Str ArRxorLD Tarsor Wizsox, K.C.LE., C.S., C.M.G., D.S.O.
A. T. wW, .
Lute Civil Commissioner in Mesopotamia and Political Resident in the Pertsian | Mesopotamia (in part) at -t
Gulf, .
A.W.H.E.W. WIXNGC-COMMANDER À, W. H, E. WYNN. Flying Corps (in part).
|
B. E. P. GENERAL-OF-RRICADE BARTHÉLEMY EDMOND PALAT.
Late French Army. Commanded a Division 1915-6. Author of Za Grande |
Guerre sur le Front Occtdentals Les Bateilles d Artois et de Champagne; and. under Frontiers, Battles of the
the psevdonym “Pierre Lebuutcourt.” of Le Defense Nuuonule, 18670-1 and (i part),
other works. including a general bibliography of 1870-1.
|
B.K. L. Basir KELLETT Lone.
Editor of the Cupe Times. Formerly Foreign Editor of The Times. Jameson, Sir L. S. aos
|
B. Z. BELA ZorĚxayY, PH.D.
Hungary: Literature,
University oi Budapest.
C. A. B. SIr CHaRLES BarLaxce, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.V.O., MS.
Consulting Surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital and to the British Army in the |e ana nd Lung Surgery.
World War. Vice-President cf the Royal College of Science.
|
C. Br. Cart Beocknavsen, Dr. Juris. Lueger, Karl
Professor of the Science of Administration in the University of Vienna. |
C. Ch. CHARLES CHREE, SC.D., LL.D., F.R.S.
Assistant Direrier, Meieorological Office, Kew. Past President, Physical (| Ma gnetism, Terrestrial.
Society of London. Hugkes Medallist, Royal Society,
C. D. C. LIEUTLaEtNeA NDTi-reCcOtLoOr NEofL InCs.p eDc.t ioCnR OZoIfE RIl.i ghR .EGx.pAl.o sives, Ministry of Munitions. Explosives (in pert).
|
C.E. C, MAp GENERAL SIR CHARLES EDWARD CALLWELL, K.C.B.
[irector of Military Operations, War Office, 1914-6. Author of Small Wars; | Kitchener, Lord.
Miltary Operations and Maritime Preponderance; The Dardanelles; ete,
C. E. W. B. Major CLAvUPE FAGLles WILLovGusy Breppors, O.B.E.
Gloucestershire Regiment Inspector of Grenade Training, G-H.Q., Great
Grenades (tn part).
Britain, 1915-8. Experimental Oficer for Grenades and Trench Stores, Ministry
of Munitions, rọ15—ọ. Control Officer, Inter-Allied Commission of Control, 1919.
Flamethrowers; Flying Corps
C.F. A. Major CHARLES FRANCIS ATKENSON, TLD. (in part), Foch, Marshal,
Late East Surrey Regiment. Distmguished Service Medal (U.S.A.). Order of Grenades (in part); Intel-
Saint Anne (Russia). Formerly Scholar of Queen's College. Oxford. Staf ligence, Military (in part),
Otticer for Trench Warfare Research, 1015-7. British Instructor in Intelligence, Liege; Masuria, Battles
American Expeditionary Force, 191%. Editorial Staff of the 11th edition of the in; Maubeuge, Siege of;
Encyclopedia Britannica. Author of Grant's Campaigns; The Wilderness and Namur; Narew, Battles of
Cold Herbor, ete. the (1915); Naroch Lake.
. INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES vil
CHARLES FREDERICK Cross, B.Sc., F.R.S.
Ç. F. Cc, Analytical and Consulting Chemist. Member of the firm of Cross & Bevan.
Joint-author (with E. J. Bevan) of Researches on Cellulose, Teat-Book of Paper- Fibres.
making.
C.F.CL
COLONEL SIR CHARLES FREDERICK Crosr, K.B.E, C.B., C.M.G., F.R.S§.
Director-General of the Ordnance Surv cy of the United Kingdom. Author of ( Map.
Text Book of Topographical Surveying.
C. H. M.
CLIFFORD HERSCHEL Moore, A.B (Harvard), Pir.D. (Munich), Litt.D. (Colorado
College). H i ,
Professor of Latin at Harvard University. Author of Religious. Thought of the \* arvard University,
Grecks; Pagan Ideas of Immortality; ete.
C.J. M.
CouRrTENAY J. MILL. PES Í
_. Financial Editor of The Times. \ National Debt,
C. J. M.* CHARLES JAMES Martin, C.M.G., D.Sc., M.B., F.R.S., F.R.C.P.
Director of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine. Professor of Experi- ; Filter-Passing Germs.
mental Pathology, University of London.
(uate M. (im part);
C. K.* CARL KARSTEN. Eucken, R, C. (in part);
Member of the Staff of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. Germany: Political His-
lory (in pari).
C.Ma. CUTHBERT MAUGHAN.
Contributor on Finance, Shipping and Insurance to The Annual Register; ete.
Insurance: United Kingdom.
Representative of Admiralty Section of the British Ministry of Informationi i n
- North America, 1918.
C. M. Wi. C. M. Wirsoxs, M.C., M.D. (Lond. ), F.R.C.P. (England).
Dean of the Medical School, St. Mary's Hopital, London. Secretary to the
Faculty of Medicine, University of. London. Physician to Out-Patients, St. Medical Education (in part).
Mary's Hospital, and to the Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis, Maida Vale.
Consulting Physician to Paddington Infirmary.
Hon. CATO SELLS, M.A L LLD’
Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the U.S.A., 1912-21. Indians, North American.
CHARLES SEYMOUR, M A., Pu.D., Litr.D
- Professor of History in Yale Ù niversity. Technical Delegate at the Paris Peace Harding, Warren G.
Conference. Author of The Diplomatic Background of the War; Woodrow Wilson
and the World War.
Donatp Francis Tovey, Master oF Music (Hons, Birm. ), Mus.D. (Oxon. is |
Reid Professor of Music in Edinburgh University. Author of Lessons in Musical | Music.
"`A nalysis; etc.
Doucras Hype, LL.D., D.Litr
Professor of Modern Irish in University College, Dublin. President of the Irish | Ireland: Language and
Texts Socicty,. Author of Literary fistory of Ircland, etc. See the biographical Literature.
article: HYDE, DOUGLAS. |
E. A.* ERNEST AXON.
Deputy Chief Librarian, Manchester Public Libraries. Formerly President, { Manchester.
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society. Editor of Bygone Luncashire.
E. B. M. EpWARD BRADFORD MAxTED, Pu.D., B.Sc.
Consulting Chemist. Author of Catalytic Hydrogenation and Reduction; Am- } Nitrogen Fixation.
monia and the Nitrides; ete.
E. B. S. Ey BANNISTER SOANE, C.B.E,
Civil Administration of Mesopotamia. Examiner in Kurdish to the Civil Ad- Kurdistan.
ministration of Mesopotamia. Authorof To Kurdistan and Mesopotamia in Dis- ) ™¥™
guise, A Kurdish Grammar; An Elementary Grammar of Kurmanji, etc.
E. D.G. Emer D. GRAPER, PH.D,
Jnstructor in Government, Columbia University. Author of American Police £ New York State.
adaa ii Adminstration.
E. E. F. D'A. EDMUND r Fournier D'ALBE, D.Sc: (London and Birmingham), A.R.C.Sc.,
R.LA.
-Laventor of the Optophone. Formerly Special Lecturer in Physics in the Punjab { Optophone.
University. ‘Author of The Electron Theory; Two New Worlds; Contemporary
Chemistry; etc
E. F.* ERNST FRANCKE
~. 7-„ Head of the Bureau for Sozialpolitik. Member of the Economic Council of the Germany: Social ard
German Reich. Publisher and Editor of Sosiale Praxis. Industrial Legislation,
vu INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES
EDWARD F. Law. -7
E. F, L. Consulting Engineer. Formerly of the Armour Plate Department, Armstrong Helmet.
Whitworth & Co,
E.G. S. EMMA GURNEY Satter, M.A., Lirr.D. M
Author of Franciscan Legends in Italian Art; Nature in Italian Art; ete. Oreo:
£. H.
EpuarD HEILFRON, GENFIMER JUSTIZRAT.
Judge at the Court of Berlin. Professor at the Commercial University College of { Germany: Administration.
erlin. l
E. J.
Major Ernst Jory. {Lemberg (Lvov), Battles
Late General Staff, Austro-Hungarian Army. Now of the Kriegsarchiv, Vienna. Round: Part IJ;
Part-author of the Austrian Official War Chronology Tables; etc. Lodz-Cracow, Battles of.
E. J. B. _ Epwix Junes BARTLETT, A.M., M.D., D.Sc. (Hon., Dartmouth},
Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. {N ew Berea
E. J. B.* ELgeRT Jay BENTON, PH.D.
Professor of History in Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Author
of The Wabash Trade Route; International Law and Diplomacy of the Spanish- < Ohio.
American War. Joint-- author of I ntroductory American History; History of the
United Stutes.
E. L. C.. Epcar Lrycn Corts, M.A., M.D. (Oxon.), M.R.C.P. (Lond.). é
Mansel Talbot Professor of Preventive Medicine, Welsh National School of
Medicine. Late Director (Welfare and Health), Misti of Munitions. H.M. Industrial Medicine.
Medical Inspector of Factories.
E. L. F. Ernest Lovts Fraxxcin, FSS,
Member of the Royal Economic Society Partner in the banking house of , Exchanges, Foreign.
Samuel Montagu, London.
E. N. McC. Major E. N. MCCLELLAN.
` U.S. Marine Corps. Officer-in-charge, Historical Section, Marine Corps. ÍM arines: United States,
E. Ru. SIR ERNEST RUTHERFORD, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.
Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Cambridge. Author
of Radiouctivity; Radtoactwe Substunces and their Radiatious; ete. See the bio- Matter, Constitution of.
graphical article: RUTHERFORD, SIR ERNEST.
E.R. J. EMORY RICHARD Jounson, ALL., Pa.D., Sc.D. |
Professor of Transportation and Commerce and Dean of the Wharton School of
Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Principles of Interstate Commerce,
Raulroud Transportation; Principles of Ocean Transportation; ete.
E. S.H. ELIZABETH SANDERSON HALDANE, C.H., LL.D., J.P.
Member of Education Authority for Perthshire. Vice-Chairman, Territorial
Force Nursing Service Committce. On Royal Commission on the Civil Service. Nursing (in part).
Member of the Scottish Universities Committee. Author of The Life of Des-
cartes, etc.
E. S. H,* CAPTAIN EDGAR STOPFORD HOLLAND,
Late Royal West Kent Regiment. Formerly Mobilization Pireetorn tè; var Marines (in part).
Othce. Member of Gray’s Inn.
Epwarp Tutti, M.A., Pu.D.
E. T” Professor of History, University of Kentucky. Author of Government of Aen- Kentucky.
tucky.
ETCH E. T. HALNAN.-
Senior Inspector, Intelligence Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisher- Milk.
les, Great Britain.
E. Vi. ETHAN VIALL.
Editor of American Machinist, Member A.S.M.E., A.LE.E., A.S.T.M., SAE-
_ Author of Broaches and Broaching, Electric VN “lding: Gas-Torch and Thermit «M achine Tools.
Welding, United States Rifles and Machine Guns; United States Artillery Am-
munition; Manufacture of Artillery Ammunition; ete.
Ev. W. EDUARD von WERTHEIMER, . aere
Hungary (in pari e;
“Emeritus Professor of History in the University of Pressburg.
Kossuth, Francis.
E. W. MacB. ERNEST W EAn Aae DnD, D.Sc. (Lond. )},M .A. (Cantab.), HoN. LL.D. (McGill),
F.R.S.
Vice-President of the Zoölogical Society of London. Vice-Chairman of the Euge-
nics Education Society. Formerly Professor of Zoology in McGill University,
Montreal. Professor of Zoélogy in the Imperial College of Science and Tech-
nology, London. Author of Textbook ef the Embrvotagy of the Invertebrata; etc.
F.A. CL FREDERICK ALBERT CLEVELAND, Pu.B., Pu.D., LL.D. f
Professor of United States Citizenship. Maxwell Foundation, Boston Univer- joe nee
sity. Author of Organized Democracy; First Lessons in Finance; ete.
INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES 1X
F. B.” Fritz Bornm. f Germany: Reform of the
On the staff of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. | School System.
F.C. E. FRANZ CARL ENDRES. l
Major, late General Staff, Turkish Army. Author of a Life of Moltke: Die Ruaine p
des Orients; etc. Member of Committee, German League of Nations Laion:
F.C H. CAPTAIN FREDERICK CrossFIELD HarroLp, D.S.O. e
Late General Staff (Intelligence), V. Army, and Lecturer at the nae Intelligence,M iitary
School, Harrow-on-the-Hill. gE
F. C. Mo. FREDERICK CECIL Moore, H.M.C.S.
Head of the Sugar and Rationing Department for Ireland during the World ( Ireland: Statistics.
War.
F. D. S. F. D. Saner, M.A. (Cantab.), F.R.C.S. ,
Surgeon to Out-Patients, Great Northern Hospital, London. Seren Evelina | Fractures,
Hospital for Children. Late Consulting Surgeon, British Rhine Army.
F. E. W.*. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL FREDERICK ERNEST Watton, C.M.G., B.A. Frontiers, Battles of the
; Late Prince of Wales's Leicester Regiment. Formeriy Secretary, Historical (in part);
Section, Committee of Imperial Defence. Author of The Marne Campaign; A |)G uise, Battle of;
History of Poland; Moltke; ete. Marne, Battle of the.
F.G. Y. Freperic Georce Younc, B.A., LL.D.
Dean of the School of ‘Sociology and Professor of Sociology in the University of
Oregon. Editor of the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society and of the < Oregon.
Commonwealth Review of the University of Oregon. Author of Financial His-
tory of Oregon; etc.
Frank Herpert Brown, C.LE. ;
F. H. Br. On the Staff of The Times for Indian Affairs. London Correspondent of The F ENG f;
Times of india. Formerly Assistant-editor of the Bombay Gazette and Editor of E SirP} . Mo
the Indian Daily Telegraph, Lucknow. CAA, Ot
F. H. H.* Frank Heywoop Hopper, Px.Af.
Professor of American History in the University of Kansas. {Ka nsas.
F. I. M. 0o LYEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR LvoR Maxsf, K.C.B., C.V.O., D.S.O. lint
Late Inspector-General of Training to the British Armies in France, 1918-9. X antry.
F. L. P. Freperick L. Paxson. i 5 Seiad
Professor of History in the University of Wisconsin. Sometime Merg U.S. RS of War: United
. General Staff. | ores
F. MAYENCE. i eS Í : :
F. M. Professor at the University of Louvain. a q Mercier, Cardinal.
F.M. R. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL F. M. RICKARD.
Royal Artillery. Chief Instructor, Artillery Paes Woolwich (assisted mr |= and Shell Stores;
Ordnance (in part).
Instructional Staff, Artillery College).
FRC FRANK RICHARDSON Cana, F.R.G.S. l Ee nas Ee
Editorial Staff, 11th edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Editorial Staff of | Wrest Africa:- Kenya Colon
The Times. Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union; Problems Liberia; Mauritius; Merz:
of Ee Africa; The Sahara in 1915; The Great War in Europe; etc. man, j. X..- Natal: Nyasa-
land; Orange Free State.
F. T. FREDERIC THEVENET.
General of Division, French Army. Formerly Governor of Belfort Commanded Fr“ orp Battles of the
Belfort region in the World War. Author of La Place de Belfort. ee
F. Y. ALEXANDER BELL FILSON YOUNG.
Editor of the Sufurday Review Author of With the Battle Cruisers; Afaster- | Fisher, Lords
singers; Ireland at the Cross Roads; Christopher Columbus and the New W orid; Jellicoe, Lord.
The Sands of Pleasure; When the Tide T urns; etc.
G. A. GEORGE JEFFREYS ADAM. Í France (in part);
Formerly Correspondent of The Times in Paris. \ French Equatorial Africa.
G. Ab. GRACE ABBOTT, M.A.
Chief of the Children’s Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor. Formerly Directosr eJuven ile ee piemaants
Child Labor Division, U.S. Children’s Bureau, and Executive Secretary, Ilinois Uniled Silutes.
Immigrants Commission, Chicago. |
G. A. Bu... GEORGE ARTHUR BURLS, M.INST.C.E., M.INST.AUTO. ENG.
Author, and Joint-author with Sir Dugald Clerk, of works on internal combustion Internal Combustion Engines.
engines. |
G. A. J.C. GRENVILLE ARTHUR James COLE, F. R.S., F.G.S.
Professor of Geology in the Royal College of Science for Ireland. Author of Aids Geology: Structural and
in Practical Geology; Open-Air Studies in Geology; etc. ` Siraligra phical,
INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES
GAR GEORGFoEr mReArlPyE R.C orresponcent of The Morning Post in Paris. frr ance (i+ n part). rpo 4}
GIUSEPPR RRUCCOLERL.
G. B.* Barrister-at-Law. Author of Le Sicilia di oggi, Dal conflitie europeo alla guerra atinL iterature.
nostra ele.
G. B.C, GERALD Baw Canny, B.A, Excess Profits Duty: United
Assistant Secretary, Inland Revenue Department, Somerset House. Kingdom.
G. C.S. GILBERT CAMPRELIL SCOGGIN, M.A., Pu.D.
Sometime Scholar of Harvard University. Formerly Assistant Professor of |Hoo ver, Herbert Clark.
Greex at the University of Missouri, Associate Editor of The Classical Journal.
Member of the American Editorial Stati of tke Encyclopedia Britannica.
+
G. D. H. C. George Dovaias TTowarb CoLE, M A. a
Formerly Febow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Hon. Secretary, Labour Re- : gare
search Department. Author of The World of Labour, Self-Government in In- Guild Socialism.
dusiry; Guild Socialism Restuted; Social Theory; etc.
4th Earl; Grey, Vis-
count; Haldane, Lord; Hen-
derson, Arthur; ‘Lansdowne,
G. E. B. GEORGE EARLE BUCKLE., M.A.. Hox. LL.D. gth Marquess; Law, A,
Formerly Scholar of New College and Fellow of AlL Souls College, Oxford. Bonar; Lloyd George, D.;
Editor ot The Times. 1S54-1912. Authorof Life of Disraeli (vols. 3, 4, 5, and 6}.
Long, Lord; Lyttelton, Al-
See the biographical article: BUCKLE, GEORCE EARLE. fred; McKenna, Reginald;
Milner, Viscount; Morley
of Biackburn, Viscount.
Goprrry Jfaroup Iarpy, M.A.. F.R.S. Mathematics: 7eory of Num-
Fellow of New College. Oxford. Savilian Professor of Geometry in Oxford bers; Theory of Series; The-
University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity Ccllege, Cambridge. t ory of Functions.
G.H, M. Sir Groror Hesry Makis, G.C.M G.. CB., LLD., F.R.C.S. Medicine and Surgery:
Consuiting Surgeon to S1. Thomas's Jlospital, London. Late Consulting Surgeon
tv the British Expeditionary Force; ete. Surgery During the Wer.
G.I. H.L, G. I. H. Lov. tions of War: United
Assistant Director, Department of Overseas Trade. Kivgtom (1# part).
G. P. Girrerp Pincnot, AS. (Yale), Hox, AM. (Yale and Princeton), Sc.D. (Michigan ~
Agricultural College), LL.D. ‘McGill.
Professor of Forestry, Yuie University. U.S. Forester, 1898-1910. President of
Forestry: ann iled States.
the Nationg] Conservation Assoctation. Pennsy Ivana Commissioner of For-
estry. Author of The Adirondack Spruce; The Training of a Forester; Lhe Fight
for Conservation; ete,
COLONEL Sir GERALD Poxsensy Lenox-ConvxcHamM, R.E., F.R.S.
G. P. L.-C. Superintendent of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Geodesy (in part).
G. R.S. LIEUTENANT-CoLoNrL GEORGE REDFIFLD SPALDING. |
Light Railways, Military
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army. Instructor in Supply, Cae Staff College, Ga parl):
Washingtor, D.C.
G. S. GEORGE SAUNDERS, O.B.E.., B.A. (Oxon.), Hox. LL.D. (Glasgow).
Erzberger, M. (in part);
Correspondent of the erring Post in Berlin, 1888-97; and of Tke Times in
Eucken, R. C. (in part).
Berlin, 1897-1908, and in Paris, 1908-714. |
G. T. B. Sir Grorce Tromas Berrpy, F.R.S., LL.D., D.Sc.
Director of Fuel Research, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
See the biographical article: BEZILBY, SIR GEORGE THOMAS,
Grorxce Wasninoton Ritey, Px.B.. D0.
Late President, New York Srate and City Osteopathic Societies. President, ; Osteopathy.
American Osteopathic Association, 1917-38.
BRIGADIFR-GENERAL HENRY ARTHUR BETHELL, C.M.G.
Late Royal Field Artillery. Author of Modern Guns and Gunnery; Modern | Ordnance (in part).
Arlillery in the Field.
HAROLD ATHELING GrivsHaw, B.A., M.Sc. (Econ.).
Lecturer in Public Administration at the London School of Economics, London Hours of Labour (in part).
University. Member of the International Labour Section of the League of
Nations, Geneva.
H. B.* HERBERT BRANDE.
Formerly Editorial Writer on The Chicago Tribune. Newspapers (in pari):
as
HAROLD BERESFORD BUTLER, C.B., M.A.
H. B. B. Deputy-Director, International Labour Office, League of Nations. Formerly International Labour. |
Principal Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Labour. Member of the British Organization. i
Delegation at the Peace Conference.
INITIALS AND HEADINGS OF ARTICLES xi
H. Ca. REV. MHefmEbNeRrY CofA RBTrEiRtai. s h Central Li: censingy Caon trol Board (Li: quor Traffic), 1916-_2»1,. Li. qturoolr: LUanwist ead ndK iLni;g qduoomr. Con-
Author of The Control of the Drink Trade, The Church and the New ge; etc.
H. Ch. Hren Cnisnors, M.A. ma (in part);
Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the roth, rith George v ,
and 12th editions of the Eneyciopedia Brilannice. Financial Editor of The ' Holden. Sriy r E, H.:
Ti7m es, 1913--2 0. Seerg a thea bihi ogria phicicaal]l aarrttiiccllee:: CCH ISHOLM, HHTT UGH. E i Montesso$ ri a Say”s tezm$ .
H. CL Sir Hucn Cuirrorp, G.C.M.G.
GInodvieers,n or1 90o3f- 7N;i geriina .C eyIlno n,th e asF edCeoriwantieadl MSaelcraeyt arSyt,a tes1,9 ¢71-8¢8.3 -19A0d3m;i niIsnt etrheed Wetshte {, Gold Coast;
Nigeria.
British Sphere of Occupation in Togoland throughout the Worle War. Author
of Studies in Brown Humanity, Further India; The German Colonies; etc.
H. C. D. HARRISON CLIFFORD Dare, A.M.
Fellow of the American Geographical Society. Professor of Economics and
4 Idaho.
Political Science, University of Idaho. Author of The sishley-Smuth Explorations
and the Discovery of a Central Route to the Pacific s 1822-1829; cre.
H. E. A. C. Hewry Evan Aucoeste Cotton, C.LE., L.C.C. |
Formerly Scholar of Jesus College, Ox:ord, and Advocate of the Tigh Court at | Gandhi, M. K.
Calcutta. Author of Cgicenita Oid and New., Late Editor of Indiu.
H. F. Ba. FJENRY FREDERICK BAKER, Sc.D., F.R.S.
Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry, Cambridge. Fellow of St. Mathematics: Geometry. -
John's College, Cambridge.
H. L P. HERBERT INGRAM Prirstiry, M.A., PuH.D.
Associate Professor of Mexican History end Librarian of the Bancroft Library, |Gu atemala; oo :
University of California. Author of José de Gulves, Visiter-General of New | Nicara ’ area ies exco;
Spain; etc. | gua; gon.
H. Jn. Sir HERBERT JACKSON, K.B.E., F.R.S.
Director of Research, British Scientific Instruments Research Association. | Glass (i pert)
Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of London.
H. J.W. I. J. Witsoy, C.B., C.B.E. ao United
H. L. C. Hvucw LoncBournxe CaLLENDAR, M.A., LL.D., C.B.E.. F.R.S. ;
Protessor of Physics in the Lmperial College of Science. South Kensington. ; Heat
Author of Properties of Steam; Thermodynamic Theory of Turbines.
HERBERT MITCHELL SANDERS, M.A. beo me Tax:
Assistant Secretary to the Board of Inland Revenue, Assistant Secretary to the United Kinedom.
Royal Commission on the Income Tax, 1919-20. GE aS
HENRI PIRENNE.
Rector of the University of Ghent. Member oí the Royal Academy of Belgium Fredericq, Paul.
and of the Institute of France. Corresponding Member of the Royal Ifistorical
Society. Author of Histoire de Belgique; ete.
Hvco Prevss, Dr. JURIS.
Formerly Lecturer a1 the University of Berlin and Professor of Puliic Law at the
Berlin University College of Commerce. Municipal Deputy and Municipal
Councillor in Berlin. After the Revolution Secretary of State for the Interior ;
and Minister of the Interior for the Reich up to the German acceptance of the Germany: Republican
Peace of Versaiiles. Member of the Prussian Constituent Assembly and oi the Constitution.
first Diet of the Republic of Prussia. Bore the leading part in drafting, and
carrying through the Constituent Assembly of the Reich, the rew Republican
Constitution of Germany. Author of Dus deutsche Volk und die Politik; ete.
H. P.-G. Harry PIRIE-GORDON, D.Sc., M.A.
Served in the World War. Deputy Governor of Jerusalem, 1918. Editor of A { Hejaz Railway.
Bricf Account of the Adzance of the Egyptien Expeditionury Force.
H.P. W, HENRY Parker Wits, Pux.D. Federal Reserve Banki
Professor of Banking in Columbia University. Director of Research, Federal System:
Reserve Board. Author of American Banking; The Federal Reserve; etc. y
H. Sa, Hrros Saito, M.A. Formosa;
Secretary of Embassy and Consul in the Japanese Diplomatic and Consular Japan; :
Service. Member of the Japanese Delegation to the Peace Conterence in Paris, ) Korea.
1919, and to other Inter-Allied and International Confercnocesin Europe, 1919721.
H. SL H. SINZHEIMER. f Germany: Factory Councdd.
Professor in the University of Frankfort-on-Main. | Lew.
E. v. H. MAJOR-GENERAL HANS vox HAEFTEN.
Late General Staff, German Army. Director in the Archives of the Reich.
Formerly member of the Historica! Section cf the Great General Staff. During { Noyon, Battle of.
the World War a Generat Staff Oficer with the troops. Representative of the
Supreme Command at the Foreign Office, 1918.