Encyclopaedia Britannica

753 Pages·1803·69.298 MB·English

by  Encyclopaedia Britannica

iiiiiiiiii
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AT LOS ANGELES
—
:
SUPPLEMENT
TO THE
ENCYCLOPEDIA,
OR
DICTIONARY
OF
ARTS, SCIENCES,
AND
MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
Illustrated with Copperplates.
NON IGNORO QU^ BONA SINT, FIERI MELIORA POSSE DOCTRINA, ET QU.E NGN OPTIMA,
ALIQUO MODO ACUI TAMEN, ET CORRIGI POSSE. CiCERO.
VOL.
II.
ELE PHI
^|)ilatjelpi)ia
PRINTED Br BUDD AND B^RTR.iM,
FOR TIIOiMAS DOBSON, AT THE STONE HOUSE,
N" 41, SOUTH SECOND STREET.
1803.
AE5
SUPPLEMENT
TO T.HE
ENCYCLOPAEDIA.
E L E E L E
Elfarome- T^ LECTROMETER, is an inarumentwhich mea- holes of i|th inches in diameter. Oneofthem / Is in Elcar<.me-
''^'- I J lures the quantity of ele>5lricity in any eleiflrified the centre, and it receives the lower end ofthe gl.ifs icr.
body. The moll common elecflrometers are defcribed tube //>, of 24inchesheight, which is fixed inthehole ''^""'^^^
—in the article Electricity (EncycL), n" 27, and 182 with a cement made of fealing-wax, or other eleflric
A
233. very valuableone is likewiledefcribed in n° fubftance. The top of this tube receives the brafs
85. of the article Electricity in this Supplement; collar H (fig.2.n°3.),boredtrulycylindrical,andhav-
but there are ftill two eleftrometers, ofwhich we have ingafmallflioulder, which rells on the top ofthe tube.
hithertogiven no account, though they are offuch va- This collar is fadtned with cement, and receives the
lue, that to pals them unnoticed would be unpardon- hollow cylinder * (fig. 2. n" 2.), towhich isjoined the
able. The firft, which is by much the moll accu- circular plate ab, divided on theedgeinto360 degrees.
rate and delicate inflrument of the kind that we have It is alfo pierced with around hole G in the centre,
leen, was invented by Mr Coulomb, and is adapted to whichreceivesthecylindficalpin/'(fig. 2. n° i.),having
afcertain the fmalled quantity ofredundant electricity. s milled head b, and an index i 0, whofe point is bent
The fecond is a late invention of Mr Cuthbertfun, the down, fo as to markthe divifionson thecircle ab. This
ingenious improver of the air-pump, and is employed pin turns lliffly in the hole G, and the cylinder *
only tomeafure the chargeof largejars and batteries. turns lleadily in the collarH. To the lower end ofthe
Electrometer, by Mr Coulomb of the Royal A- centre pin is faftened a little pincer q, formed likethe
cademyofSciencesat Paris, defcribed in the Memoirs end of a port-crayon, and tightened by the ring q, fo
for 1785. as to hold fad the fufpenfion wire, the lower end of
Mr Coulomb had made fomeexperiments in exami- whichis grafped bya(iinilarpincer Po (fig. 3.),tighten-
nation ofDr Hooke's theory of fprings "uttenjloftc edbythering<p. Thelower end 9 iscylindrical, and it
vis;" and found, that it was furprifingly exad, in re- is offuch weight as to drain thewire perfedly draight,
gard to the force neceifary for twilling eladic wires. but without any tifk cfbreaking it. It may be made
Having fufpended a nicely turned metal cylinder by a halfof the weight that will jud break it.
fine wire in the direiftion of its axis, and having given This pincer isenlarged atC, and pierced with a hole,
it feveral turns, and left it to regainits natural pofilion, which receives tightly the arm g Q,q of theelc<5lroir.c-
heobferved, that it performed all its revolution ofun- ter. Tiiis is eight inches long, and confids of a dry
tvv'illlng and twilling in times precifcly equal, whether filk thread, or llend.er draw of fr>me grafs completely
ihefe oTcillations were ofa few degrees, or confiiled of dried, and dipped in melted gum lac or fine fealing-
feveral revolutions. He thence concluded, that the wax, and held upiight belore a clear fire, till it form
force with which the wire endeavoured to regain its a (lendercylinder ofabout -j'^thofan inch in diam;tcr.
natural pofition was exactly proportional to itsdillance Tliis occupies fix of the eight inches, from_g- to 7:
from it. Engaged, foon after, by order from the Mi- the remaining two inches is a fine thread of the lac or
nifter ofMarine, in an examination ofthe phen^ mcna fcaling-v.'IX, as it drains offin forming thearm. A: a
of the mariner's compals, he took this method offuf- is a ball ofpith ofelderor finecork, one-fourthor one-
pcndinghis needles, in order 10 obtain exafl me.ifures halfofan inchindiameter,madeveiyrmooib,andglided.
of the forces which caul'td them to deviatefrom the It is balanced by a vertical circle^of paper, of large di-
magnetic meridian. He madeibmc obfervations with menlions ftilTened with varnifh. Tlie relidance oftlie
needles I'o fulpendcd ; whicii are highly valuable to the air tJ this piano loon checks theofcillitions ofthe arm.
philulbpher engaged in that liudy. When Iiis fuccefs The v/hole is feeii in its place in fi j. i. where the
in this relearch had fully gratilieJ liis wifhes,he turned arm hangs horiz'^nially abnvit tl;e middleofthe height
his thuughis 10 the exuinina'ion ot tlie law ofelectiic if the great cylinder. In its ofclUations the ball ^r
aiflion by the helpof an ckUrometer liifpendcd in the moves round in a circle, whol'e centre is in the axis of
Plate famAeBmDanCntr(.li^.ItIi.s)corn(elprrue(i5VlnetJsaas lgolUiofsvscy:linder, 12 gthreadwuhaotleed ciinrdcrluenZienOt.Q_jItdsrafiwtnuaotinona iislipinodficpaatpeedr,byanda
XXVII. inclies in dianictjr and in heiglit. This is covered by adhering to the glafs witli varnilli. The ele^Trified bo-
a gl.ifs plate fitted to it by a prcjciSing filleton the un- dv» whole aflion is to beobfervtd, is anotherfmallball
der lurlace. This cover is pierced with two round ot cork/, alfo gilt, or a braAfs ball well poldhid. This
SuppL. Vol. II. is
39'O^XO'>4
E L E E L E
[ ]
iscarriedbva flalk ofgum lac m <?, iiiclofing a dryfilk fourth, &c. in thefame manner as we praflifed andre- ElcSrome-
thread. This ft;ilk is grafped byaclamp ofcleft deal, lated in Electricity (Sii/>pl.), n" 141, 5cc. '<•"'
or any fimilar contrivance which lies fiini on the glafs An example ofone or two ot thofe trials will give a
covtr. When this ball is let down tlirough the hole clear conception of the conclufions deduced from thefe
m, it (lands fo as to touch the ball a on the arm when obfervations.
tliat ball is oppofite o on the graduated circle. The ball / was introduced and ele>flrified ; a was re-
To elediify the ball /, v/e employ the infulating pelled, and fettled at 40" ; the index was twifted 140'',
handle, fi;^. 4. which is aflender ftick offoaling wax or which brought a to 20 ; and the time was noted. 'I'lie
l.ic, holding a metal wirethat carries a fmall polilhed eleiflricity gradually dilFipated, and u came neaier to /.
inetil ball. We tcucli with it fome eleftiified bcdy, The index was untwilled 30'^, and .; retired a little be-
fuch as the prime conduftor ofa machine, the knob ot yond 20" ; but on waiting a few feconds, it llo< d tx-
ajar, &c. Iniroduce tiiis elciftrilied ball cautioully in- a^^ly at 20". The time was again noted. The inter-
to the hole m, ai.d tonch the ball / witli ir. Tlie ball val was exaiTlly three riiinutes. The conclufionfrom the
a is immediatelyrepelled, and goes toa dillance, twill- experiment wasasfoll.ws:
ing the fulptnfujn-wire, till the force ot twill exerted When theball was brought to 20", the repullion was
by the wire balances the mutual lepulfion of the balls evidently 140 -{- 20, or 160. Three minutes after-
/ and a. wards it was 110, -J- 20, or 130; and 30" were loll in
Such is the procefs f-r examining tlie law of elec- threeminntes,'or 10°per minute. Themean force was
tricailion. But when we would examinethe aftion of 145. Therefore the mean lifs per minute was, -rVr"
diiiercnt bodies in diiftrent flaCes, another appar;itus is Obierve alfo, thatthe primitive force correfponding to
w.mted. This is rsprefented by the piece cAd {^g. the diftance was 40: and the force correfponding to
5.), confining cf a plug of ftalingwax A, which fits 20 was 160, or inverfcly as 20* to 40*.
tight into the hole m, and is pierced by the wire c d, But obfcrve, that the dillances were not meafured
hooked ate, to receive a wire conne..1ing it occafionally by the angles, but by tho chord ofthe angles. The
vlth an slearified boJy, and having b;low a polilhed obliquity ofadion muPc alfo be accounted for ; and the
nietal ball d. real levar is lefs thanthe arm, in the proportion of ra-
The iniliument is fitted for obfervation In the follow- dius to thecoline ofI the angle.
ing manner: Turn the milled button b at top, till the The wire ufed by Coulomb in his firft experiments
twift-index/" is on the marknofthetwill circle. Then on the law of adion was of fach llrength, that -j-Joth
turn the whole in the collar H, till the bull a Hands ofa French grain, applied at the point a, held it taft
rippolite to the mark ofthe paper circlez 0Q_,andat till the twill-index was turned 360°; fo thatAone de-
the fame time touches the ball / ord. gree correfponded to tt-jVo^ "^ * eraln. foot of
Tlie obfervation is made thus : The ball / is elec- this wireweighed t'o'Ii ofagiain. Experience having
trified as already faid, and a is repelled, and retires fhewn thatthis was a fenfibility farexceeding whatwas
from /, twilling the wiie, and,after a few ofcillations, neceflary lor the meafures that he had in view, and
fettles ata dillance correfpondingtotherepulfion. Now made the iuflrument too delicate for comm.cn ul'es, he
turn the twill-index, fo as to force the ball a nearer to fabllituted much llrongerand (horterwires,and recom-
/i.ngWtheemeolttiiomnateoftthhe.eftowricfet-oifndtheixstnoewthereapnnglllieonatbywhaidcdh- mWeendhsavmeucmhaldmealtlweordofimoennllyirfnisvetoirntchheeswhionldeiinafmlertuerrocanntd.
the ball firll relied. By turning the tv/ill-index ftill 14 inches high ; the aim ii ^ being 2\ inches, and the
more, we bring the balls Hi—ll nearer, and have a mea- fufpenfion a fingle fibre vt lilk, carryin;^ 30 grains.
fure of another repulfion. And thus m.ay we obtain It is far more fenlible than Bennet's gold leaf elec-
as many meafures as we pleale. trometer. The fame inftrument, witha filverwirefuf-
In this way Coulomb afcertained the relation be- penfion, anda thread oflac projecting from the end g,
tweentherepulfionand the dillanceto betheinverfe du- as an index to coincide more clofely with the fcale, is
plicate ratio ofthe dillances. He difcovered the law fufficientlynice for all experiments ofmeafurement. It
cfdilFipation by air in contaft, and the relation which is always proper to have the diameter of the cylinder
this bears to the primitive repulfion, by obferving the double the length of tlie arm, that tlie ailiun of the
gradual approach of o to / as the eleiflricity diflipates glafs may not dillurb the pTifition of the arm. It is
from both, and by llackcning the twill-index till the greatly improved by havinga roundholein the bottom
ball a retires to its primitive dillance. Heafcertained of the iiillrumenr, in which the cylinder C of the
the dilFipation along iinperteifl condiidlors, and tlie lowerpincermay iiangfreely: this pievents much tedi-
length necelfary for infulation, by completely infulating ous ofcillation. Eorordinary experiments, for meafur-
the hall /, and obferving the lol's by air in contail \\itli ing char^'es ofbatteries, and the like, a much kfsdeli-
it, and then Aidinga metal rod down the infulating cate inllrument, with a fufpenfion-wire llrained atboth
fialk, till the dilFipation began to exceed what took ends,is abundantly delicate, and vallly more manage-
jlace by t!ie air alone. He examined the proportion able. The wire Ihouldextend asfar below thearm as
cf redundant fluid in communicating bodies, by con- above ir, and fhould be grafpedbelow, by apincerturn-
r.e(fling them alternately with thepiece, fig. 5. ; as alio ing by a milled head in a hole at the end of a flender
byeleflritying one ball, andobfervingits npulfiveforce, fpring. This enables us to adjuft the inftrumentfpeedi-
and then Iharing its elei-lricity with anotlier, and ob- ly. Having placed thetwift-index at o, turn thislower
ferving the diminution. He examined thegraduation button gently till the ball a points exactly to o on the
ofhis eleilrometer, by fliaring the ele^ftriclty ol one papercircle. Even in thiscoarfeft ftate we havefound
ball with an equal ball, v.hich gave him the pofition itmoredelicate, and muchmoie exaft, than theeledlro-
thatindicated one half; and, byrepeating this,forone- meterdefcribed in Electricuy {Sup/>/.) n*' 85. which
was
—
ELK
E L E
C 3 ]
Eleflrome- wp« much more collly, and liable to accidents. Cou- head ; the ball Bhas two holes, one at thetop, and the Elcclronn-
^^^_^^5l, l"nib's eleclrometcr has the greatadvantage ofwalling other at the bottotti ; the Ufper hole is f) wiJe, as to t^'-
very little electricity ; whereas Henley's, or Brookes's, let the head of the pin pifs through it, but to flop at ^•^~'''^*-'
orWdeeLinmep'sr,ovweadlliet gitrevaetrlyyfablyl wthakeinngitaiwsaiynttehnfee.appara- athceoumnmdeornoHneenlweiyi'hsiqtsuaIdhraanknthaenlcgiifntrgonfireeteclry; ianndl> ;wliierijs
tiis with the ball /, and hibftitiiting the piece, fig. 5. in ufe it is fcrewed upon thetopoff.
for it, after changing its conllrudlion a little. Inftead It is evident, from the conftruaion, that if the foot
c{the wire c d, we ufed the fmalJtftglafs tube that we ftand horizontal, and the ball B be made to touchb, it
could varniih on the infide, by drawing through it a will remain in that pofition without the help of the
filk threaddipped in varniih. Having varniflied it with weight ; ; and if it fiiould by any meansreceive avery
lac both within and wiihuut, a bral's ball d was fixed low charge ol'eledlric Huid, the twoballs b, B, will re-
on its lower end, and a fine wire, with a ball at tfp, pel each ither; B will beginto afcend,and, on account
was put d"wn into the tube, fo as to touch theball be- ofthe centre of gravity beingabove the centreof mo-
low. When the plug was fitted in'o the hole tn once tion, tlie afcenfion will continue till Areft up.,n a. If
fWohreanll,dtehleiclaitteuaelxipoenriomfentthes baarlelt(o^fubieremraedden,o atlhteeruatpipoenr, tphuet binatloanictes bpelacfeetinaBg,ainit hwoilrll/coaiualle, Bantdotrheeft puitp.io/nbbe,
bnllc is icisched l>y the charger, fig. 4. which eleiftrifies with a prelfure equal to that weight, fo that moreelec-
d. C is immediately drawn out with a glafs forceps ; tiic fluid muft be communicated than foimerly before
and thusdiskit completely infulated. When external theballs «ill fcparatc ; andas tliewe'ghtin Bis increa-
eleihicity, fuch as tJie faint eledricity of the atmo- i'ed or diminilhed, a greater or lefs quantity cfeleftric
fmpaii;enreinisthetntbuebe.exaNm-inBe.d,Athefcrvu.'pirueloiussaelxlpoewreidmetnoterre,- fluWidhweinlltbheisreiqnufitrreudmetuotefifse.fttoabfeepaarpaptliioend.to a jar, or
who may objefl to the Itraining fpring lecommended battery, one end of a wire L muft be inferted into a
above, may Cubftiiute uI'mallweight, which will be con- holeitib, and the other end into ahole ofany ball pro-
flant in its iiflion. ceeding from the infide of a battery, as M. A chain.
The reader will obferve, that this eleSrometer, as or wire, or any body through which the chaige is to
hitherto managed,meafures only repullions. It is not pals, muft be hung to thehook at m, and carriedfrom
fo eafy to meafure attrailions with it ; and Mr Con- thence to the outlide of the battery, as is reprefented
lomb was obliged to take a very circuitous method, du- by the line N. k muft be fcrewed upon c, with its in-
ring which a great deal of tleiftricity was diflipated. dex towards A. Therealonof this inllrument bein"
In this refpefl, the elecflrometer defcribed in the article added, is to fhew, by the index continuing to rife, that
Electricity (^'k/i/'/.) has theadvantage; but in every the charge of the battery is increafing, becaufe ths
other refpec'l, Mr Coulomb's is the fineft eleilrometer otherpartofthe inftruraent doesnotait till the battery
that hasyet been publilhed,givinga/yo/a/cmeafures,and has received its required charge.
this with great accuracy. The Hon. Mr Cavendilh It is almnft ncedlefs to oblerve that this inftrument
has employed the conftrudion in his moft valuable ex- confifts otthree eleflrometers, viz. Henley's eleflrome-
peiiments on the force of gravity (P/.;7. Trajif. 1798, ter. Lane's dilcharging cledrometer confideiably im-
Part II.) an experiment which Newton would have proved, and Brookei's fteclyard eleflrcmeter improved
;
been delightedwith obfervlng. likewile. By thiscombination and thefeimprovements,
Cu'hberifon's Elf.ctro.metf.r is thus defcribed by we polfefs all that can be required in an eleiflrometer
himfelfin the lall number of the GfeHcond volwme ofNi- lor batteries and lar^;ejars; f.ir, l)y /, we fee the pro-
cholfoti's Phtlofophical Journal. (fig. 6.) is an grels of the charge; by thefeparatfon ofB ^, we luve
oblong piece ofwood,about 18inches in length, and fix the repulfive power in weight ; and by the ball A, llie
in breadth, in wiiich are fixed three glafs fupporters, difcharge is caiiied when the charge has acquired the
D, E, F, mounted with brafs balls, o, ,,-, b. Of thefe ftrength propofed.
fuppoDrters, E and F are exacftly of the fame length ; In thejournalfrom wliich this abftraifl is taken, the
but is four inches Ihorter. Under the brafs ball a reader will find fome curious experiments made with
is a long brals hook ; the ball c is made of two hemi- b.itteries by means of this electrometer ; but one will
fpheres, the under onebeing fixed to the brafs mount- be fulBcient to explain its ule. Prepare the clei-lro-
ing, and the upper turned with a groove to ihut upon meter in the mtnner Ihewn in the figure, with thejar
M
it, lb that it can be taken oilat pleafiire. The ball b annexed, which contains about 168 fquareinchesof
has a brafs tube fixed to it, about three inches long, coating. Take out the pin in B, andobferve whether
cemented on the top ofF, and the fame ball hasa hole the ball B will remain at reft upon i; if not, turn
at thetop,ofa'Mintone-hairinch diameter, corrcfpond- the adjufting I'crew at C till itjull remains upon A.
ing with the itilide ofthe tube. AB is a ftraight br.ii's Put into B the pin, maiked /', weighing 15 gr.iins ;
Wire, with a knife edged centrein the middle, placed a take two inches ol watch-pendulum wire, (.': to each
little below thecentreofgravity, and equally balanced end a pair t>l fpiing tongs, as is reprefented at G >//,
with a hollow brals ball at each end, the centre, or hook oneend to hi, and the oiher to the wire N, com-
axis, refting upon a proper Ihaped piece cf brafs fixed municating with the ontfide ofthejar ; let the uncoat-
tinowtahredisnfcidies coufttohpeebnaltlocp:.rtmhiatt ftihdeeeonfdtcheAheomfitfhpehebrae- cthdepparrtimoetctohnedjianr^obermotadaneevleerJyricclaelanmaanchdidnrey, ;oraandwilreet
lance todefccud till it touches the balla, and the upper proceeding trom it, touch liie wireL ; then, ifthe m.i-
hemifphere C is alfo cutopen to permit the end cV> to chine be put in motii^n, li.ejar and electrometer will
afcend ; < is a weight, weighing a certain number oi chaigc, as will be feen by the riling ot the index ofi ;
grains, and made in llie form of a pin with a broad and vvhench.irgcd high eAnough, B will be repelled by
3 bt
— —— —
. ;
E L E E L
[ 4 ] I
P,'f»r»- ^, anJ A will dcTccnd and difcharge the jar tlirough of Europe ; butit is frequent in theE:ifl and Weft In- Elcjihantl-
pliorin ,j,£ y^,|,g which was confined in the tongs, and the wire dies, where it too often baffles the ikill of the ahlell ^''*
Elcphanti- will befilled and run into balls. The ingenious author, phyhcians. In the fecond volume ofthe Afiatic Re- _, I
ufis. ibtybarleiautlleiiinngtltiehrionfuigdhe.a gTlahfesnpilpeoaidnitnogtBhewjiatrh, daapmipneodf fea"rcThaeskewe(>fh.ifvienethtreeffliolwlhoiwtiengarpfreenficcrioptnieontfoo'ra,itsorcu1r0t5: v^f-v->«^
30 grains, he obtained fuch a charge as lufcd eight grains ; of picked black peppi-t fix times as much: let
inchesof watch pendulum wire, difpofed exatflly as the both be well beaten atinterv.ds forfour daysfucceffive-
twoinches were difiiofed in the firmer experiment. 15y ly in an iron mortar, and then reduced to an impalpa-
icpeatirg and varying his experiments, he found that blepowder in one ofHone with a Hone peftle, and thus
double quantilies of ele<flrical Haid, ia the torni ofa completely levigated, a little water being mixed with
difcharge, will meltfour times the length of wire ofa them. Make pills of them as large as tares or fniall
certain diameter. pulfc, and keep them diy in a (tiady place. Or.e of
ELECTROPHORUS. See Electricity in this thofepills muR befwallowed morning and eveningwith
Suppie-iutit f;me betel leaf, or in countries where betel is not at
ELEPHAS, the Elephant. See Encychpxd'ta hand, with cold water : if the body be dcanled t'rom
where the natural hiflory cf this huge and fagacicus foulnels and oblliunionsbygentle cathartics and bleed-
animal is detailed at confiderable length. S.nce that ing belore the medicine is adininiftered, theremedy will
article was publilhtd, we have feenthe third volume of befpeedier."
the Afiatic Refeaiches, in which fomc important quef- Thisprefcription, we are told, is an old fecretofthe
lions, which we were then (obliged to leave in uncer- Hindoo phyficians, which they conlider as a powerful
tainty, feem to be decided by JolmCorfc, Efq. They remedy againlF all corruptions of tlie blood, whether »
relate, \Jl, To the mode in which elephants copulate ; occalioned by the elephantiafis or the venerial difeafe,
which BufFon afferts (and in proofof his affertion ad- which they call the Perjian fire, and which they apply
«iuces the llruvftureand pofuion ofthe generative organ likewife to the cure of cold and moift diftempers, or
in the female) to be performed while that female re- palfy, dillortions of the face, relaxation of the nerv«s,
mains recumbenton the back ; but which Mr Corfe in- and fimilar difcafes. As the Hindoos are an ingenious
fills, from ocular evidence, takes placeafter themanner and fcienlific people, it mightbe worth fome European
in which the hcrfe copulates with the mate, zd. To phyfician's while to make trial of this ancient medicine
the method ofreceiving nourifhmentIromthe mother inthe Well Indies, where the elephantiafis or kindred
;
which is not, as BufFon avers, by the trunk, but by the difeafesprove lo frequently fatal.
mouth, which fucks the dug, while the trunk of the ELEVATION, in architeflure, denotes a draught
young animal grafps it round to prefs out the milk. or defcription ofthe principal faceor fide ofa building
M3<ry, TCoorftehecpoenrcieoidveosf tchaeninrotgoibenglevf.s'iihthyanoutnwgo; ywehaircsh calEleLdEalUfoT\HX.iEupRriAgh,tooxroArtlhaobgarfaeprh,i.one of the Bahama';
;
\shereas BufFon and Pennant affign only nine months or Lucaya iflands, where above 60 families formerly
for the geHation of theiryoung. His realons tor this fettled under Dep. Gov. Holmes, and ereded a fmall
fuppofition are unanfwerable, and (hall be given in his fort. Morse.
own words. ELIAS, Mount St. a mountain near the (hore of
"As far as I know, the exaiJl lime an elephantgoes theN. W. coallofNonh-America,N.W.of—Admiralty
wbeitlhefsyotuhnagnhtawsonyoetaryse,tabseeonneafocfertthaeineeldep;hbaunttsitbcroaungnhott bayE,LaIndZAS.BEE.ToHfPrCiIncTeYWiClol.iainm'Vsirfgoiuninad,.lie/s//.between
forth a young one twenty-one months and three days York and James rivers, having Warwick and York
m
aiter (he was taken. She was obferved to be wiih counties on the W. and Chelapeak bay the E.
young in April or May 1788, and (he was only taken and N. There are I'everalfniall iOands onits fea-coaft,
in Januarypreceding ; fo tliat it is verylikely llie muft the chiefof which are Long and Egg iflands. Point
havehadconnection wi:h the male feme monihs before Comtort isthe S. eallern extremity of the co. It con-
(lie was fecured, otherwife they could not have difco- tains3450 inh.;bi;ants, ofwhom 1876 are flave.-. ib.
vered that Ihe was with young, as a fcetus of lei's than Elizabeth Ijlands, fsveral imull iilands on the S.
iu months cannot well be fuppofcd to make any alter- E. lide ct Buzzard's bay, extending S. A'ederly from
ation in the fize or (hape of fo large an animal. The the extremity of Barnftable co. in MalTachufetts, and
young one, a male, was produced October 16, 1789, bearing N. W. frcm Martha's Vineyard fituated be-
;
and appearedin every relpefl to have arrivedat its lull tween41. 24. and 41. 32. N. lat. and between 70. 38.
lime. The gentleman to whom it belongs examined and 70. 56. W. long. They are about 16in number;
its mouth a tew days after it was brought forth, and the chiefofwhich are Nafhawn, Pafqui, Nafhawenna,
found thatone cf its grinders on each lide had partly Pinequefe, and Cattahunk illands. All thefe belong
cut the gum." to Duke'scounty. ib.
When Mr Corfe wrote his memoir, the young ele- Elizabeth, a Ihort fouthern arm of James river in
phantwas active and well, and beginning to eat alittle Virginia. It aiFords an excellent harbor, and large
gral's. In Africathe Hottentotsfeed on the elephant ; enough for 300 lliips. The channel is from 150
and M.Vaillantdeclares, that an elephant'sfoot, when to 200fathomswide ; andat common flood tide it has
baked intheir manner,is amoft delicious morfel. l8 feetwater to Norfolk, which Hands nearthe mouth
ELEPHANTIASIS
(fee Medicine, 11^352. En- ofits eadern branch. The S. branch rifes in the Dif-
(vcl.) is one of the moft dreadful maladies with which mal Swamp. Craney idand, at the mouth of Eliza-
the human raceis any whereafflifled. It isnotindeed beth, lies 5 miles S. W. ofPoint Comfort, atthemouth
common,ifit be foundat all,inthe temperateclimates ofJames river. il).
F.Liz.\-
^,tw*cn fe
—— — — — —— —— ——— — —— —
ELK EMM
[ 5 ]
Elizabeth's Elizabeth's Island, Queen, in the ftraits of Elk, Laie, ore of the chain of fmalllakes which
Ifland, Magellan, in S. America. Here fre(h water, herbs fit conneils the lake cf th» Woods with lake Superior.
Queen forTallaJ, and wild fowl may be had in great plenty. N. lat. 48. 41. W. long. 93. ib.
ElIkI. The rtiores alfo abound with fhell filh, ib. Elkridce, afmall town in Ann Arundelco. Mary-
Elizabeth, a tcwnfhip in Lancaller co.Pennfylva- land, fituated on the S. bank of Patapfco river, and
u1i8a,micloenstNai.niWn.g abbycuWt.30ofhLoaunfceasf,tearn,daanDdu8t4chWc.hubrychN.; ofonrtthheeWbr.ighftiJteoboafcDceoecpallReud:ik.ite'sTfhooits. plIatceisi8smfialmesriSu.
of Philadelphia. ib. W. of Baltimore, and 19 N. W. of Annapolis. N.
ELIZABETHTOWN, a pott town and borough, lat. 39. 12. 30. ib.
in ElFex county, New-Jerl'ey ; pleafantly fituated on a Elkton, a p 'ft town of confiJerab'e trade, at the
fmall creek which empties into Arthur Kull. Its foil head ofChefapeak bay, in Maryland, and the capital
is equal to any in the Rate. In the compaft part of Cecil CO. It is fituated at the confluence of the
ofthe town, there are about 150 houles, two brick head branches of Elk river, 13 miles from its mouth
churches, one fur Prefbyterians, very handfome, the at Turkey Point, and a mile above French town. The
other for Epifcopalians, and an academy. This is one tide flows up to the town, and it enjoys great advan-
ofthe oldeli towns in the Rate, havin'j; been purchafed tages from the carrying trade, between Daltiraore and
ofthe Indians as early as 1664, andfettled ibon after. Philadelphia. Upwards of 250,000 bu(hels of wheat
It lies 6 miles foutherly of Newark, and 15 S. W. by are colleded here annually, for fupplying thofe mar-
W. of New-York.—;*. kets, or theneighbouring mills. Elktonconfiftsofone
ElizABETHTOWN, a villageof AlleghanyCO. Penn- flreet, in which are about 90houfes, a court-houfe, and
fylvania, fituated on the S. E. fide of Monongahela gaol. Ontlie W. fide of the town is an academy. It
river between Rcdilone Old Fort and Piilfburg, about is 12 miles S. W. oi Chrifllana bridge, 10 N. E. of
18 miles from each, and 6 above the mouth of the Charleftown, 47 S. W.of Philadelphia, and 56 N. E.
Youghagany. Many boats are built here forthe trade of Baltimore. ih.
and emigration to Kentucky, and in the environs are ELLINGTON, a townfliip of about 20c families,
feveralfaw-milU. N. lat. 40. 13. W. long. 79. 22 ib. in Tolland co. Conneflicut. It lies about 12 miles
Elizabethtown, a port town ct Maryland, and N. E. ot Hartford city, and 6 W. of Tolland. ib.
capital of Walliingtonen. formerly calkd Hagarftowii, ELLIrSE, or Ellipsis, is one of the conic fee-
fcated in the fertile valley of Cimegocheague. It has tions, popularly called an oval; being called an ellifife
feveral ftreets regularly laid out. Tiie houfes are or eHipJis by Apollonius, the fir(I and principal author
principally built of brick and (lone, in number about on the conic fedion?, becaufe in this figure the fquares
300. Epifcopalians, Prtfbyterians, and &:rman Lu- of the ordinates are li/s than, or defellive of, the rec-
therans have each a church. The court-houfe and tangles underthe parameters and abfcHfes. See Conic
market-houfe a;e handfome buildings, and the gaol is .Ssffiom, Encycl.
of (lone, and rubft'ntial. The trade with the weftern ELLIPSOID, is an elliptical fpheroid, being the
country is confiuerable ; and there are a number of folid generated by the revolution of an ellipfe about
mills in the neiglibourhood, on Antietam creek. ib. eitheraxis.
Elizabethtows, the chief town of Tyrrel co. in ELLIPTOIDE, an infiniteor indefinite elllpfis,—de-
Edenton diftrict, N'rth-Carolina, has a gaol, court- fined by the indefiniteequation ay "+"=i x ''''.a .v"
houfc, and a few dwelling-houfes. Itis40 miles from when m or n are greater than 1 : for when they are
Fayetteville, and 55 from Wiwlmnington. ib. each = I, it denotes the common ellipfe.
denElCiO.zaNb.eCtahrotloiwnna,, iasfpiottutatted onatnhde Nt.heWc.hibefrainncBhlao-f nomTihnearteedarferfoevmertahlekeixnpdosneorntdemg-rje-ensoofftehlellpotrodiidneast,edye.-
CN3a.0phWeo.uEfeeoasfr.;Wi3l6mItimniclogentstoanfi.onustahiwbc.aourrdt-ohfouFafyee,ttgeavoill,lea,ndanadbc4u7t A.as—tl.iVe;ctuhbeibciaqluacdUriapttioci,deo,rfuerxfporleiidfeud_yb'y=a3.j\'' .a=—b.vx'^;
ELK, acreek in Northumbsrland co. Pcnnfylvania, &c.
which uniting with Penn's creek, fallsinto the Sufque- ELMORE, the fouthernmott townlhip in Oile?.ns
hanna, 5 miles below Sunbury. ib. CO. in Vermont ; and contained, by tl»e cenfus, only
Elk, a navigable river of the eallern (hore of Mi- 12 inhaliitants. Moru.
ryland, which rifes in Chctter co. Pennfylvania, by EMERY'j River, a fmall river in Tennelfce, which
two branches Big and Little Elk crscks. At their runs S. E. into theTennelfce, 7 miles N. by E. ofthe
;
confluence llands Elkton. The canals in contemplati- moutli of Clinch river. ib.
on from Elk river, to Delawareb.iy, arenoticed under EMINENrL-\L equation, a term ufed by fome
Dehware bay. ib. algebrairts, in the invcdigation of the areas ofcurvili-
Elk, a fliort navigable river, in the (late o{ Ten- ne';^ figures, for a kind of aflumed equation that con-
nclTee. It rifes on the N. W. lide of Cumberland tainsanotherequationeminently,the latterbeinga par-
mountain, runs S. wefterly, and falls into the Ten- ticular c.ife ofthe former.
neflee a little above the Mufcle ihoals ; about40 miles EMMAUS, a Moravian fettlcment, 8 miles from
W.ElNk.hWor.no,fathfemaClrleekwsa'teCrrooflUnK^enPtluacckey.—ri/vi.er. The BetEhMleMhIemT,SiBnUPRenGnfHy,lvaonria.EmniMtojrliucr.gh, 11 flourifiiing
Elkhorn lands are much elleemed, being fituated in a village in Frederick co. Maryland, fituated between
bend of Kentucky river, in Fayette co. in which this Flat Run and Tom's creek, wtlltrn h.-ad waters cf
iiaaallriver, orcreek, rifes ib. the Monococy, and about a mile S. of the Pennfyl-
vania