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Encountering Śivaism: The deity, the milieu, the entourage PDF

262 Pages·1998·41.413 MB·English
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~ Encountering Sivaism Original from Google UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Digitized by This book endeavours to signify a way by which the development of religion may be studied within the parameters of a defined geographical and chronological context. Encountering Sivaism has taken cognisance of the evolution of Siva's pantheon through the fluid process of cultural coalescence. The agencies of acculturation include the visual and the literary material. An is looked at as an index to socio-religious change at macro and micro levels. Without restricting the study to specific doctrinal-theological developments, the focus has been on the rationale of religious developments in terms of the material milieu. Nilima Chitgopekar teaches history at the Jesus and Mary College, Delhi University. She is presently working on the Yogini as female divinities in Ancient Indian religion. Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ,, Encountering Sivaism . The Deity, the Milieu, the Entourage , Nilima Chitgopekar Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN EL /A.8tJ •fi4- c 5![/ I ICJfg ISBN 81-215-0792-8 First published 1998 ©> 1998, Cbitgopekar, Nilima All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. Typeset, printed and published by Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Post Box 5715, 54 Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi 110 055. Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Contents .. Illustrations VII . Preface IX . Introduction XI Abbreviations XIII I CHAPTER Geographical Delineation of Madhya Pradesh I 2 CHAPTER Historiography 14 3 CHAPTER The Political Background: An Outline 38 CHAPTER 4 Economic and Social Background 45 CHAPTER 5 Cults and Practices-Literary Evidence 65 6 CHAPTER Cults and Practices-Epigraphic Evidence 95 7 CHAPTER Sculptural Antiquities and their Geographical Settings 131 Table I : Deity-wise Distribution 162 Table II : District-wise Distribution 182 Table III : Consolidated Data of Saiva Antiquities (Deity-wise) 202 - Table IV : Consolidated Data of Saiva Antiquities (District-wise) 202 Bibliography 203 Index . 213 Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Illustrations , 1. Kapalika (Siva), c. llth-12th..centuries, Mandasaur, Madhya Pradesh 2. Maha Bhairava, c. l lth-12th centuries, Modi, Mandasaur distt., Madhya Pradesh 3. Lakulisa, c. 6th century, Malhar, Bilaspur <listt., Madhya Pradesh 4. Lakulisa, c. 12th century, Bijwal, Dewas distt., Madhya Pradesh 5. Lakulisa, c. 10th century, Gantfhisagar, Mandasaur distt., Madhya Pradesh 6. Lakulisa, c. 10th century, Hinglajgarh, Mandasaur distt., Madhya Pradesh , 7. Siva Bhi~at,anamiirti, c. 7th century, Malhar, Bilaspur distt., Madhya Pradesh , 8. Siva Bhi~t,anamiirti, c. 10th century, Malhar, Bilaspur distt., Madhya Pradesh , . 9. Siva Bh~futi, c. 11th century, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh 10. Siva Ardhanarisvara, c. 8th-9th centuries, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 11. Hermaphroditic Form of Gar,esa, c. 9th-10th centuries, Padhavali, Morena distt., Madhya Pradesh 12. Uma Mahesvaramiirti, c. lOth-llth centuries, Gandharvapur, Devas clistt., Madhya Pradcsh 13. Uma Mahesvara, c. 7th-8th centuries, Sankargarh, Satna distt., Madhya· Pradesh , 14. Siva-Parvati playing dice, c. 10th century, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh , . 15. Siva Kalyar,asundaramiirti, Gwalior Fort, Madhya Pradesh 16. Parvati Parir,aya, c. 7th century, Malhar, Bilaspur distt., Madhya Pradesh , 17. Gauri Sarikaramiirti riding on a bull, Bheraghat,Jabalpur di_stt., · Madhya Pradesh 18. Mahi~asurarnardini, c. lOth-1 lth centuries, Gandharvapuri, Dewas distt., Madhya Pradesh _ 19. Skanda, c. 6th-12th centuries, Kota, Shivpuri distt., Madhya Pradesh Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Vlll ILLUSTRATIONS 20. Karttikeya, Late lOth-1 lth centuries, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 21. Gar:iesa in a Saptamatrka Panel, Ashapuri, Raisen distL, Madhya Pradesh 22. Gar:iesa with Consort, c. 9th-10th centuries, Gandhisagar, Mandasaur distt., Madhya Pradesh 23. Hari-Hara-Pitamaha-Surya, c. 11 th century, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh 24. Harihara Standing c. 10th century, Gopalpur, Jabalpur distt., Madhya Pradesh 25. Catunnukhalinga, c. 6th-7th centuries, Sirpur, Raipur distt., Madhya Pradesh 26. Pancamukhalinga, c. 11 th century, Bilhari, Jabalpur distt., Madhya Pradesh Sri 27. Kamada, c. 10th century, Bheraghat,Jabalpur distt., Madhya Pradesh , 28. Sri Eruc,ti, Late 10th century, Bheraghat,Jabalpur distt., Madhya Pradesh - , 29. Siva in Ardhaparyanka with Urdhvamedha, c. 6th century, Sagar University Museum, Madhya Pradesh 30. A Form of Siva, c. 6th century, Tala, Bilaspur distt., Madhya Pradesh Maps , 1. Saiva Antiquities in Madhya Pradesh, c. 550-900 p. 136 AD 2. Saiva Antiquities in Madhya Pradesh, c. 900-1300 p. 140 AD Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Preface - Sivaism may be encountered in different regions. The tenor it takes will be contingent on the specifics of the region. To exemplify that each religion develops its own brand of religious indices, this book looks at Madhya Pradesh from c. 550-1200 and does a case study - - -AD of Sivaism, Sivaism pertains to Siva himself .and his entourage in- cluding his immediate family of Parvati, Gar:iesa and Skanda. This book purports to establish a paradigm and to seek those impulses - that were infusing Sivaism with its peculiar characteristics as seen in this area. This microstudy is based on an extensive examination of epigraphical, sculptural and literary material. Through the millennia writers have paid obeisance in the be ginning of their treatises to gods and gurus. Less eloquently but with much sincerity I begin by expressing gratitude to those who helped in various ways to make this book possible. I take this o~ portunity to thank Professor K.M. Shrimali, my Ph.D. supervisor, who not only shared his vast knowledge but whose unstinted su~ port and encouragement was always forthcoming. I thank Sister Melba Rodrigues RJ.M., .principal of Jesus and Mary College for granting me leave to embark on this monograph. I am grateful to Mr Devendra Jain of Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers who pro vided me with every assistance in bringing out this book. I would also like to thank the assistance received from libraries at Indian Council of Historical Research, National Museum and the Archaeo logical Survey of In<:fia. I am thankful to the American Institute of Indian Studies, Ramnagar, Varanasi for the illustrations used in this book. Finally I would like to thank my husba.nd Deepak and son Dhruv whose enthusiasm and love helped in countless ways, always. NlLIMA CHITGOPEKAR New Delhi 10 February 1998 Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Google Original from Digitized by UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

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