Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: Myzostoma australe (Myzostomida), a new crinoid associated worm from South Australia

4 Pages·2003·1.6 MB·English

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ENCOUNTER 2002 EXPEDITION TO THE ISLES OF ST FRANC IS.
SOI H ALSTRALIA: MYZOSTOM AISTRALL (M\/OSTOMIIJA).
I \
A NEW CRINOIDASSOC IATEI)WORM FROM SOI 111 AUSTRALIA
by (i. W. Rntsi '
Summary
ftj)l SI .ft. W |3(*R3j l-neouiiler2U(i: cvpeditu.n u.HicWcsol St haiKK Smith Australia; MyTost^nHniusuulv
(YU>i»iiMiiuLa a new cnnou.l-,iss,>etatcd front) from South Australia, /hj'/v. ft Vwti V, l/Mf' 137/3'jl 265 Sot
No M\/os|onudahavebeenJootirftiBillntmsouthernAustralian waters. MjBWloi Ikdesuihedmv/oMomc in\a
toLiiilcfmvchccil foundinthe WilltiterWMtWtlVl'Ihe fnd« I'aeilic.wherethfifTC mlcchinodcrmiio,-,K;irciTlttSi
diverse. In (his paper a new im/oMome. M\zt>\tt»>ht ftintr.ilf n. pp., is described from Iheconoid PnlotrivUn
tiHutfHftiu (Mulkr 1X46) (Prilwnetridac) taken from waters ofl ihu \uyN Archipelago, near { eilnna. South
\uslralia. Myrnshmitt iOhtroit- i\ an evtouimniensal DI1 /J MHt'foUvfmt anil somewhat resembles other
m\fayr:.knc\Hd.l>v>nteilliinpts'ooirdiaulalbKodpvinWeiallliaasniohvcal;atnrtrharnjgtenmuenntgrMoupparba\potditiavgdiiesrpltaIcweoidi)I.Wwliurddif.feerosmfhrioomcdlhwfcn.lseii(nhehajn\tenrmioar
Iwopairsandposteriorpairotcirri lu-niy longerlh;m ihcrcsi Ihcrchaspie\mmi-.Ivbeen liiUflyJUVitumc rccoutcO
humany specie^ul I'tilomd'ii,
Kiv Woim>; Synibioin CuniasicrHluc. Cruioidea I chinodernialn. Annelida
Introduction ondeseiibed speeies of \h?o*h)in<t piesent in
museum collection^, oil ol'these t'cvuirmg m \\aier:>
My/osiomida is n small toAou coniprisuu; around nf the Clival l-tarner Keel. Norlhern territory ami
150 described nominal species. Currently lucre i> Western Australian north of Shark Hay. (irygief
debate on Ihe overall position of (he group. \vi|h (2000) noieU that the temperate coasts ofAustralia
authors variously favouring a position among have relatively few mv/ostomc specie^ 13
polyehuctcs (Rouse & Pleijcl 2001). or outside between I rascr Island and Perth); Grygier (T<VW)
annelids and closer !o platyhclminilis (L-.cckhaut cl indicated Ihc presenee o( one species in South
«//. I'onili or roiiiers (/.iv.avy t$ kit 2001 \. Ausfraha.bui tfid nol deseribeorname it- Ikreanew
Mv/oslomida are all obligate symbionts. mniiilv my/ostomc la,\on isdesetibed frtnnspecimensnt \\w
with crinoids hut some Willi olher echmodants erinoid Pttlohufni HUh timsmu (Miillei, IS40) laken
Many are mobile and roam over the bust, stealing mwatersoil IheNityls.Archipelago. SouthAtistralia
food from it, hut others remain sessile near a This represents the first description ol u m\zostome
convenient feutftnjL1 site. Some induce the host to from southern Australian waters.The present species
form gulls or cysts around lliem. while others aiv isdistiiiel from that notedn> (<rygier( l^)0)mSoulh
endoparasilie. living in the gut lumen, P0e4ot^. or ,\uslralia (his species no. 37) which occurs on the
,u<>nads ofiheii hosi ((.ngier 2000, Kou*e & rMeijel coinnsiend erinoid Cvuolta (nrhupUru Mullet,
t
2001). There is a wide ran^e of body forms in die IS4A) (M.J. (Jrygiet; pers. comm.i.
group vviih lliUlcned o\al or dise-iike forms Ivin^
predominant; however, manyareelongalo. lulged. oi Materials and Methods
having evlensions ol the hod\ ihat allow OiertK for
cxiimple. in resemble (he pinnules o^ Iheii ernioid C'rinoal hosts werecollected b> hano" while diving
hosK, Mobile my/osloines also show a wonderful with SClilJA oi Hawled bv the RV Ngt'tln over the
dtversiiy of eolour pallerns thai general!*, nialeh period ol 22-23 february 2002. Worms were
those ofIheii* host*. Myyostumida ,ire mainly found collected from living crinoids placed undn a Leiea
whereerinoid diversily is yrealesl, namely eoral red' MX-S stereomici'oseivpe. liMiig worms were
ciniitiruncnis. and more than 100 described speeie-. photographed using a JA ( -\0 digital camera. Ihe
are known IVom Ihe liuio-Paeitle tseediygier \W)IL worms were ihen relaxed m a inagnesium chloride
2000). solution before being fixed in \$% tbrnutlin in
Vly/osiomediversitv is low hi eolder walers. Willi, seawater. After 24 hours ihe specimens wete rinsed
foriuslnnee,only a Pewknown from diewell-sluelietl in freshwater and placed in 70% cihauH. A
i-iiiupean waiers. for Australian waiers, (jiygier parapodiLim from the 4th 'segment" was removed
(2000) staled that there are about 70 deserilu-ti .m. bom a paralypc and observed in glycerine under
iiilerlerenec conlrasl microseopv with a Leiea DMR
1\1;uinc Imok-I'i;.'!,.' N..mli An-.lnUi:in \to-•0i>». Norlli IjhTuCr, microscope. Those studied with scanning eleeiroii
S\SO0OAn<ir;ih.» microscopy (Sl-M) \vere dehydrated in ethanol and
•
ii'.I j ivi-miI \ w-y\ wfhrtloifype (V\\1 i- h-im ^U\k-ntill olU*flOtltoH4iptrmuh oi u^im-ini kirci PttttmwHHtum nmvwti
\\u: miK'\rii (i) 15 M|(lb ^nlal. Ihe ni-Iu pnsk'tmm hk.,i umi- fMn j* hi/kiny. h V.'iUkiI \ie-v\ Ifl li\iii;j •jpCiflHIUM
shosvillr r>V.fll ri,Hi^niu-n| ill p:ii:ipn<li.« jikI iittL»rl«i IOHVWU (j), llll lOlll tmWH hkIk;ik llnj Im>.jlhmi n1 !lv. I.tleml
e,,vie.-nMed. ipm.em.-his, (p.enli.r;oHil11mukwrIit.ckdK Ilttttmtwae!ri t^iai.nt?r\alvo'eicvvenetildpIunfnwtrjaylpiinr(g*SnA*Mawi :[t^u\ii)rtiihvliJmwi<H>igwnui)wmam\iJuspiimMinyvi?tnelwilv4ipartly
w<oMnMhnMl'rpnM-inMiylliKpj(uSiyApMe I(MS5A-MI]L•.•AI5w5u1in)rKhl(thUefJAejlJlMlegwD'iiHJe.ilMFmatpBrlmKetliHHUik)iBlUU'iMtlmilM|liualteWhliKl8tiUllV.CnlMlw11'•I' M^ MM V*tuMillwnJt *viBtfMtt "uIl
ewik-d niirmvti ufpiimiypfc (SAM I 3aSI I shutting ihpfC ptiirs nl l.ueoil pnpilliit-. Ihv lirst It'll pupillii 3 !• Im«-Uit' _
SIM voilKil vlilfc i»l hikl-ivi'iuiM.I p:ti.n;,pr |S \V1 I 15A1)ftlwWIIIg |1fl|ll) BVttfieilpeoi*(|»)"ill fowcvfJW&Jnit|iumJ
;kkI liilcail inv.itMlt lyittghetweeii ptTtStpDUHl -•find I h. SIA! view til p.u.ipuiliuni 3 ol jwnUvpMSAM I ^>l)kIm'wh.u
emer^-tii hook (jtfhi. 1. niHeivnii;il llrt< rleieneeeonlusl iMieioyiMphofp;ti\ipoditlinA *»fpnuilypr(SAM J-lW).Hh<lWHfe
juujI.i (siinporl mJ. si1 wiih maifllhrillMi imi-emer^eni bioJi (ehj. mid replaeenieni Imok (ill)
K
*. \[ W i RlNiHU '\NS(H IAIM) VVOKM I KOM Mil Ml AUSfl<Al IA 5>7
then critical point i1iil.iI using t O, I lus wctc then uf body length dig. lb) Three pairs of huceal
coated With gold DFllI viewed Using U Philips VI -2u papillae 11 ig. II) ( loacal opening Km dit'esiivC Hftfl
scanning electron iflfi.'TO.MttOrtf. and leiitale geililal duel one-tliirtl ofway lioni l;tsl
parapodia lo rearmargin ( oh.nr in lite red with inid-
Resiilts doisal longitudinal while snipe Or Willi scqflcrud
patches ol while blotches on i\al t o|oUl' "I
/.nunnmyuf \Iv/oa(>ma australe ff J/J pikers-eel specimens while. Parapodia sel in Wllcm-
poslerioiiy elongate ellipse tyinfe distinetlv ahead ol
u,7/c;/.// /•wmitivd uiid body, liisi pan at atioui 65,,,1oThiuK leuelli (I'igs
NuitsoiY\fMfi3 I 334K] m 7o"„ ci|i;inul roiUHl M llbi.oml,botti)l.yPmflairtgiipondilaoceae»ni|_e'ilyoilngovaablou(tI iogsnelbf.liiyr,dJi)n
I'/i/ot/tittit ifhH roHi'ftin (Mullcr, IM4o> al |0 hi depth lach parapodium wiih .oiiu.al baau Inckiue einus.
i II North Ponu pj Si Itaikis Island. Nuvls and with slcndei- clongale tup lo 200 gin when
\iclupelago. S.A (32' 5>J V/.O" S: H3 l<V SS.ft' evtended). llneLf-hke distal part (I ig. Id), I'an 0|
I ), i; RotW, 23 2 1002 penes ft] laier;il ba>es ol patapodi;t 3 capable ol
prolmding al leasi loo inn (Ia--, i, _ d. e). hmt pair*
Mf inconspicuous laleral oigan,-> alterniiitug \Mth
I iSWI I VVJO) in 70'A\,Mcdiiinof same collection parapoiha, iIk-h u|h;nni;-. M-ible as round holes
details as hololype; I (S I3330) in J0%-CtllMIOh bct\seeu parapodia and hody margin (ln?s lb, e. g)
I'miimJ i-m /' ^t/twutmtiidredged;ii 50 in. depth oil One parai\iu' with two lateral organs everted (lag
(NilxiyVls sA»rehGi.pciRl.tuitsgca.Si3\-.2-(2.i;:H)23:0v2t()4N_AK"MS;I V|oUl"i1m9i' dlii>s)i.al[unii'etihgebnotwehdooskligshhtally'lsountuwualredr:alleilpvsjdlOulctk,.sh.Wiirlpl,i
SI VI sInh same collection details as liolotvpc lllltj CUT> iuv 90 (I g'- III. i), \eienla (SUppOrl \-<^\)<.>\
each parapodium shorlei Ihan hottk and Iwo-lhirdsas
Ihick: manubriunj rertangnlai. di*\elopedon onesale
I ram ilk' Latin (gumfgr "cinruh «w,ww/. south, ofshart (I ig. 11), wiih Ihrec small htlies alone dmwn
re^irine to the couuiiy and southern occurrence of out inner UTHTgilV OlJC ivplaeeinen! hook lound ill
ll.r, I.!'-.,.11 each patapodium (I ig, Ii),
Discussion
Small my/ostomes wiih Haltencd. ellipsoidal body
elongated posteriorly. Pen pairsofthii] Attigina] elm, Ihete lias been no previous teiotil ol nn/oslomes
wiih cini i 2 and 10 several imtcs lunger fh«r on any species al" Ptfltmuxna. the only eenus in
shortest lateral cirri; Introvert wiih J pairs ol buccal I'lilomeirid-ie. I his gemts ol ermoids is restrieted tu
papillae, pouch opening in front of tirsi parapodia southern \n-..ir.,l,.,i; ,,i.r. iKuwe & dales IV^?)
close to body margin Pawpodla acirfatc-, donate ;md eonlams only Pfiio/nv/ni utisliuiis (Wdlon-
arranged at ellipse ahead ol mid-bod) region, IVaie, ISU) and riitnunlm WtlVIVtWHUl Mji'jN.lfitinu
extendingal least 100 Lint lourspairsol small luiftltl <«tvtnt':' uta\ belong near ihe umhJ#itttft9 gtotip ol
Ol^aitS located between parapodia and body maigin \f\:o\to>ni} as identilied iyv < tr^jicr (19*5(1), I his
kmergent hooks ofparapodia wiih moderately thic ehuip is ehaiacleii/etl by having a Hat. round to
-hall, lip curving 00 , Acicula shorter and llimnci .•dueld-shapcd body, wiih the iinlerior and ptisteiioi
than emergen] hooks, manubrium on one side only Olie 10 two pairs ol marginal euri much longer than
Siitniliaiirnii , Ivrmaplir.tdile-.. I clocommcnsals. lite others. Ciryeier (1990) named the following
nominal la\n in this group: \fyzo\h.>ma ftnthtyttuui
DestrifUitin tlrart; IHH7, \4Y~ofitf»no&WMtyH!1untQttiLTt\ t&K4, \l
Body ellipsoid and flat, with long axis tffllero htn*jh inmil tiiall'. ISS7, /itti^inutin/tii Jaeer.-aeu.
posterior, Hololype 1,2 mm long, O.n nun wide (I ig 1937 Litid ,W ws/umCirall*. ISN.V wiih all but (lie last
mm
Uliaf1-P0armaimypcwsidreangVienntgraflrosmidIetwoit2h cililaotendg paantdcht]e,fsi fA/o,undsininiuIt'/auciirlckfnvcvatle-i.sceAkhasuulbscttfgtieiaill.des1c0n0p4iiofurooml
(fig. Id), Hal with thin ride.es extending from ecnlcr Singapoie. has eomparcd auollter ta.vou to this
to parapodia (fig, lei. Ten pans of fine marginal untbhitiitm grouptleekhaut cm/. 1994K \/\~o\/o//ht
euri, with cirri 1.2, and 10 IWOlo lluve times longCJ uuslralc is easilv dishngmshed by ils vhslinelly
cW
than shortest lateral cirri, lateral gaiduallv ellipsoidal shape wilh ihe oval arrangemenl ol
bcCORltllg longer toward Ironl and rear (lies la. b. parapodia displaced Ibrward. combined with ihe
d). Opening of iulrovert pouch small and ventral, anierior ivvo pairs ,)\\d po&tetiu] pair o\' chti bwing
closer lo parapodia I than to anterior mateiu Longer ihan the test- All other uixa In the (flffhiytmim
Iniroveii capable <>l pnunidmg 'o eo,uivalenl to 20".. group have rouudetl or kite-shaped bodies ami much
.
2f>X (. W. ROUSE
longer posterior and anterior cirri. Mvzostonia Environmenl and Heritage) and Seoresby Shepherd
sin^aporcfisc appears lo be the closest morph- (South Australian Research and Development
ologically lo M uitslntle n. sp. bui has a more Institute) lor organizing my participation in the
rounded body and has twoanterioraniltwoposterior Nuyts expedition. Thanks also to the RV Ngcrin
pairs of"elongate cirri. crew for their great support. Reviews by Mark
(irygier and an anonymous reviewer greatly
Acknowledgments improvedthispaper.Thispaperwassupported bythe
South Australian Museum and an ARC Q111
Thanks lo Sue Murray-Jones (Department for fellowship.
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Mv/ostomida. Hull, mar Sei 47. 182-1**1 Chulhtks 17, I70-19N.