Employment guarantee schemes: job creation and policy in developing countries and emerging markets PDF
Preview Employment guarantee schemes: job creation and policy in developing countries and emerging markets
Employment Guarantee Schemes This page intentionally left blank Employment Guarantee Schemes Job Creation and Policy in Developing Countries and Emerging Markets EditedbyMichaelJ.MurrayandMathewForstater employmentguaranteeschemes Copyright©MichaelJ.MurrayandMathewForstater,2013. Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2012by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN® intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,EuropeandtherestoftheWorld, thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN:978–1–137–32477–1 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Employmentguaranteeschemes:jobcreationandpolicyindeveloping countriesandemergingmarkets/editedbyMichaelJ.Murrayand MathewForstater. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferences. ISBN978–1–137–32477–1(alk.paper) 1. Fullemploymentpolicies—Developingcountries. 2. Manpower policy—Developingcountries. 3. Jobcreation—Developingcountries. 4. Employment(Economictheory) 5. Unemployment—Developing countries. I. Murray,MichaelJ. II. Forstater,Mathew,1961– HD5852.E5752013 331.12(cid:2)0424091724—dc23 2012046507 AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:May2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ListofFiguresandTables vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction:EmploymentGuarantee Schemes—Development,Environment,andCommunity 1 MichaelJ.MurrayandMathewForstater 1 GreenJobsforFullEmployment,aStockFlowConsistent Analysis 7 AntoineGodin 2 Ningxia’sEcologicalImmigrationProgram:AnEmbryonic EmployerofLastResortProgram 47 JosefinaY.Li 3 BeyondFullEmployment:WhatArgentina’sPlanJefesCan TeachUsabouttheEmployerofLastResort 79 PavlinaR.Tcherneva 4 EmploymentGenerationSchemesandLong-Term Development:ACaseStudyoftheNREGAinIndia 103 PoulomiDasgupta 5 TheState,EmployerofLastResort,andYouth Employment:ACaseStudyoftheNationalYouth EmploymentPrograminGhana 127 RichardB.Dadzie 6 TheJobGuaranteeandMunicipalConfederalism: ExploringtheNationalandLocalLevelsofProgram Operation 145 MathewForstater vi ● Contents 7 BringBacktheWPA:LessonsfromtheJobCreation Programsofthe1930s 155 NancyE.Rose NotesonContributors 181 Index 185 List of Figures and Tables Figures 1.1 Flowdiagram—GreenJobsforFullEmploymentmodel 9 1.2 Firms’pricingdecision 21 1.3 ParameteranalysisI 23 1.4 ParameteranalysisII 24 1.5 GreenJobsvsbaselinescenario 28 1.6 EmployerofLastResortvsKeynesianDemandSpur policies 30 3.1 UnemploymentrateinArgentina 84 3.2 Jefesbeneficiariesbygender 86 3.3 NumberofJefesbeneficiariesovertheyears 87 3.4 WagesofJefesbeneficiariesoncetheymovedto private-sectoremployment 88 3.5 ReasonswhyJefesbeneficiariesaresatisfiedwiththe program 90 Tables 1.1 GDPgrowthandemploymentgrowthcorrelation 11 1.2 SocialAccountMatrix(SAM) 14 1.3 Balancesheet 16 1.4 TransactionFlowMatrix 17 1.5 ELRSocialAccountMatrix 26 1.6 Variabledefinitions 37 1.7 Parameterdefinitions 38 4.1 Averageperson-daysperhousehold 107 4.2 Participationofmarginalizedgroups 108 4.3 WagerateunderNREGA 108 5.1 Selectedmodulesandlevelsofemployment,2010 136 This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgments The editors would like to thank Sara Dennison and Melissa Remick for theireditorialassistanceandtheirhardworkincompilingtheindex.
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