Employment and Labor Law, Reprint (South-Western Legal Studies in Business Academic)

749 Pages·2008·5.06 MB·English

by  Patrick J. Cihon

PART 1 Common-Law Employment Issues
LEGISLATION DATE
Model Uniform Employment Termination Act 1991
Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2003
PART 2 Equal Employment Opportunity
LEGISLATION DATE
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 1964
Amended by:
The Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 1972
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 1978
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 1991
The Equal Pay Act 1963
The Family and Medical Leave Act 1993
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 1986
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 1990
The Mental Health Parity Act 1996
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 1973
42 U.S.C. § 1981 (The Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1870) 1866
42 U.S.C. § 1983 (The Civil Rights Act of 1871) 1871
Executive Order No. 11246 1965
The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act 1994
PART 3 Employment Law Issues
LEGISLATION DATE
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970
Employee Retirement Income Security Act 1974
Fair Labor Standards Act 1938
Social Security Act 1935
Welfare Reform Act 1996
Older Workers Benefits Protection Act 1990
Immigration Act of 1990 1990
Whistleblower Protection Act 1989
Immigration Reform and Control Act 1986
Multiemployer Pension Plan Amendments 1980
Equal Pay Act 1963
Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act) 1936
Walsh-Healy Act 1936
Davis-Bacon Act 1931
Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act 1927
Railway Labor Act 1926
Federal Employees’ Compensation Act 1916
Federal Employers Liability Act 1908
PART 4 Labor Relations Law
LEGISLATION DATE
The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) 1935
Amended by:
The Labor Management Relations Act
(Taft-Hartley Act) 1947
The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
(Landrum Griffin Act) 1959
The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act 1988
6 T H E D I T I O N
E M P L O Y M E N T
&
L A B O R L A W
PATRICK J. CIHON
Law and Public Policy Department Syracuse University
JAMES OTTAVIO CASTAGNERA
President, Pinnacle Employment Law Institute Rider University
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Employment & Labor Law, 6thEdition
Patrick J. Cihon and James Ottavio Castagnera
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B R I E F
C O N T E N T S
PART 1 COMMON-LAW EMPLOYMENT ISSUES 1
Chapter 1 Employment Contracts and Wrongful Discharge 2
Chapter 2 Commonly Committed Workplace Torts 19
PART 2 EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 41
Chapter 3 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and Race Discrimination 42
Chapter 4 Gender and Family Issues Legislation: Title VII and Other Legislation 71
Chapter 5 Discrimination Based on Religion and National Origin; Procedures Under Title VII 114
Chapter 6 Discrimination Based on Age and Disability 153
Chapter 7 Other EEO Legislation 197
PART 3 EMPLOYMENT LAW ISSUES 225
Chapter 8 Occupational Safety and Health 226
Chapter 9 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) 256
Chapter 10 The Fair Labor Standards Act 282
Chapter 11 Employee Welfare Programs: Social Security, Workers’ Compensation, and Unemployment
Compensation 310
PART 4 LABOR RELATIONS LAW 343
Chapter 12 The Development of American Labor Unions and the National Labor Relations Act 344
Chapter 13 The National Labor Relations Board: Organization, Procedures, and Jurisdiction 369
Chapter 14 The Unionization Process 396
Chapter 15 Unfair Labor Practices by Employers and Unions 420
Chapter 16 Collective Bargaining 471
Chapter 17 Picketing and Strikes 501
Chapter 18 The Enforcement and Administration of the Collective Agreement 534
Chapter 19 The Rights of Union Members 565
Chapter 20 Public Sector Labor Relations 591
APPENDICES 624–711
GLOSSARY 712
LISTOFCASES 715
INDEX 718
Brief Contents v
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C O N T E N T S
PART 1 COMMON LAW EMPLOYMENT ISSUES 1
Chapter 1 Employment Contracts and Wrongful Discharge 2
Employment-at-Will 2 • Wrongful Discharge Based on Public Policy 3 • Express and
Implied Contracts of Employment 8 • Model Employment Termination Act 11 • New
Protection for Corporate Whistleblowers 12 • Summary 15 • Questions 15 • Case
Problems 16
Chapter 2 Commonly Committed Workplace Torts 19
Defamation and Invasion of Privacy 20 • Invasion Of Privacy 22 • Defamation: Libel
and Slander 24 • Tortious Infliction of Emotional Distress 29 • Tortious Interference
with Contract 30 • Retaliatory Demotion 31 • Theft of Trade Secrets 32 • Alternative
Dispute Resolution 35 • Summary 36 • Questions 37 • Case Problems 37
PART 2 EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY 41
Chapter 3 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and Race
Discrimination 42
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 43 • Coverage of Title VII 43 •
Administration of Title VII 44 • Discrimination Under Title VII 45 • Bona Fide
Occupational Qualifications (BFOQ’s) 46 • Unintentional Discrimination: Disparate
Impact 46 • Section 703(K) and Disparate Impact Claims 49 • Validating Job
Requirements 51 • The “Bottom Line” and Discrimination 54 • Seniority and Title VII
56 • Mixed Motive Cases Under Title VII 60 • Retaliation Under Title VII 60 •
Affirmative Action and Title VII 61 • Other Provisions of Title VII 66 • Summary 66
• Questions 67 • Case Problems 67
Chapter 4 Gender and Family Issues Legislation: Title VII and
Other Legislation 71
Gender Discrimination 71 • Dress Codes and Grooming Requirements 72 • Gender as a
BFOQ 72 • Gender Stereotyping 75 • “Gender-Plus” Discrimination 78 • Gender
Discrimination in Pay 78 • The Equal Pay Act 79 • Defenses Under the Equal Pay Act 80
• Procedures Under the Equal Pay Act 84 • Remedies 84 • Title VII and the Equal Pay
Act 84 • Gender-Based Pension Benefits 85 • Pregnancy Discrimination 88 • The
Family and Medical Leave Act 89 • Serious Health Condition 89 • Leave Provisions 90 •
Contents v
Coverage 90 • Effect of Other Laws on the FMLA 93 • State Legislation 93 • Sexual
Harassment 94 • Quid Pro Quo Harassment 96 • Hostile Environment Harassment 96 •
Employer Liability for Sexual Harassment 99 • Employer Responses to Sexual Harassment
Claims 102 • Provocation 103 • Conduct of a Sexual Nature 103 • Remedies for
Sexual Harassment 104 • Sexual Orientation, Sexual Preference, and Sexual Identity
Discrimination 105 • Other Gender-Discrimination Issues 109 • Summary 110 •
Questions 110 • Case Problems 111
Chapter 5 Discrimination Based on Religion and National Origin;
Procedures Under Title VII 114
Discrimination on the Basis of Religion 114 • Exceptions for Religious Preference and Religious
Employers 115 • Discrimination Based on National Origin 122 • Definition 122 •
Disparate Impact 123 • English-Only Rules 124 • The Immigration Reform and Control Act
Of 1986 and Discrimination Based on National Origin or Citizenship 127 • Enforcement of
Title VII 128 • The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 128 • Procedures Under
Title VII 129 • EEOC Procedure and Its Relation to State Proceedings 130 • EEOC Procedure
for Handling Complaints 131 • Burdens of Proof: Establishing a Case 133 • Disparate
Treatment Claims 133 • Disparate Impact Claims 137 • Arbitration of Statutory EEO
Claims 139 • Remedies Under Title VII 142 • Compensatory and Punitive Damages 144 •
Remedial Seniority 146 • Legal Fees 146 • Class Actions146 • Public Employees Under
Title VII 147 • Summary 148 • Questions 149 • Case Problems 149
Chapter 6 Discrimination Based on Age and Disability 153
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act 153 • Coverage 154 • Provisions 154 •
Procedures Under The ADEA 167 • Remedies Under The ADEA 169 • Discrimination
Because of Disability 169 • The Americans with Disabilities Act 169 • Qualified
Individual with a Disability 170 • Definition of Disability 171 • Medical Exams and
Tests 175 • Reasonable Accommodation 175 • Defenses Under the ADA 180 •
Enforcement of the ADA 181 • The Rehabilitation Act 182 • Provisions 182 • Aids
and the Disability Discrimination Legislation 184 • State Disability Discrimination
Legislation 185 • Drug Abuse and Drug Testing 186 • Summary 192 • Questions 193
• Case Problems 193
Chapter 7 Other EEO Legislation 197
The Civil Rights Acts of 1866 and 1870 197 • Section 1981 197 • Section 1983 199 •
Section 1985(C) 199 • Procedure Under Sections 1981 And 1983 199 • Executive Order
No. 11246 200 • Equal Employment Requirements 200 • Affirmative Action
Requirements 200 • Procedure Under Executive Order No. 11246 201 • Employment
Discrimination Because Of Military Service: The Uniformed Services Employment And
Reemployment Rights Act 202 • The Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment
Rights Act 202 • The National Labor Relations Act 205 • Constitutional Prohibitions
Against Discrimination 206 • Due Process and Equal Protection 206 • Affirmative Action
and the Constitution 207 • Other Constitutional Issues 210 • State EEO and Employment
Laws 210 • Other Employment Legislation 212 • Summary 220 • Questions 221 •
Case Problems 221
vi Contents
PART 3 EMPLOYMENT LAW ISSUES 225
Chapter 8 Occupational Safety and Health 226
Purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 228 • Administration and
Enforcement 228 • Employee Rights 235 • Inspections, Investigations, and Recordkeeping 238
• Citations, Penalties, Abatement, and Appeal 243 • State Plans 244 • Workplace
Violence 244 • Summary 252 • Questions 253 • Case Problems 253
Chapter 9 Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) 256
ERISA: Background and Purpose 257 • Coverage 257 • Pre-emption 258 • Fiduciary
Responsibility 260 • Minimum Requirements for Qualified Pension Plans 269 •
Termination of a Plan 275 • Summary 280 • Questions 280 • Case Problems 280
Chapter 10 The Fair Labor Standards Act 282
Background of the FLSA 283 • Origin and Purpose of the Fair Labor Standards Act 287
• Coverage 288 • Minimum Wages 291 • Overtime Pay 297 • Exemptions from
Overtime and Minimum Wage Provisions 298 • Limitations on Child Labor 300 •
Enforcement and Remedies Under FLSA 305 • Summary 307 • Questions 307 • Case
Problems 308
Chapter 11 Employee Welfare Programs: Social Security,
Workers’ Compensation, and Unemployment Compensation 310
The Social Security and Supplemental Security Acts 312 • Titles II and VIII of the Social
Security Act of 1935 313 • The 1970s: Social Security Crisis 314 • The 1980s: Recovery?
314 • Social Security Benefit Programs Today 315 • Other Federal and State Benefit
Programs 320 • Who Must Participate in Social Security? 323 • Workers’ Compensation:
Limited Liability and Easy Recovery 325 • Eligibility for Benefits 327 • Workers’
Compensation Procedures 329 • Workers’ Compensation Preemption by Federal Law 330 •
Unemployment Compensation 332 • Voluntary Quitting 335 • Summary 340 •
Questions 340 • Case Problems 340
PART 4 LABOR RELATIONS LAW 343
Chapter 12 The Development of American Labor Unions and the
National Labor Relations Act 344
Labor Development In America 345 • The Post–Civil War Period 349 • Recent Trends
in the Labor Movement 352 • Legal Responses to the Labor Movement 354 • The
Injunction 354 • Yellow-Dog Contracts 355 • The Antitrust Laws 356 • The
Development of the National Labor Relations Act 358 • The Norris–La Guardia
Act 358 • The Railway Labor Act 361 • The National Industrial Recovery Act 363 •
The National Labor Board 363 • The “Old” National Labor Relations Board 364 • The
National Labor Relations Act 365 • Overview of the National Labor Relations Act 366 •
Summary 367 • Questions 368
Contents vii