Empires and Communities in the Post-Roman and Islamic World, c. 400-1000 CE PDF
Preview Empires and Communities in the Post-Roman and Islamic World, c. 400-1000 CE
EMPIRES AND COMMUNITIES IN THE POST-R OMAN AND ISLAMIC WORLD, C. 400– 1000 CE OXFORD STUDIES IN EARLY EMPIRES Series Editors Nicola Di Cosmo, Mark Edward Lewis, and Walter Scheidel The Dynamics of Ancient Empires State Power from Assyria to Byzantium Edited by Ian Morris and Walter Scheidel Rome and China Comparative Perspectives on Ancient World Empires Edited by Walter Scheidel Trouble in the West The Persian Empire and Egypt, 525– 332 BCE Stephen Ruzicka Sui- Tang China and Its Turko- Mongol Neighbors Culture, Power, and Connections, 580– 800 Jonathan Karam Skaff State Correspondence in the Ancient World From New Kingdom Egypt to the Roman Empire Edited by Karen Radner State Power in Ancient China and Rome Edited by Walter Scheidel The Confucian- Legalist State A New Model for Chinese History Dingxin Zhao The Jiankang Empire in Chinese and World History Andrew Chittick Reign of Arrows Nikolaus Leo Overtoom Empires and Communities in the Post- Roman and Islamic World, c. 400– 1000 CE Edited by Walter Pohl and Rutger Kramer 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2021 Open access: Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 Unported License (CC BY-NYC 4.0). Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of this licence should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pohl, Walter, 1953- editor, author. | Kramer, Rutger, editor, author. Title: Empires and communities in the post-Roman and Islamic world, c. 400–1000 CE / edited by Walter Pohl and Rutger Kramer. Description: New York : Oxford University Press, [2021] | Series: Oxford studies in early empires | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020041478 (print) | LCCN 2020041479 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190067946 (hardback) | ISBN 9780190067960 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Imperialism—History—To 1500. | Civilization, Medieval. | Middle Ages. | Islamic Empire—History. | Ethnicity—History—To 1500. | East and West. Classification: LCC CB353 .E526 2021 (print) | LCC CB353 (ebook) | DDC 909.07—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020041478 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020041479 DOI: 10.1093/ oso/ 9780190067946.001.0001 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Integrated Books International, United States of America Published with the support of Austrian Science Fund (FWF): PUB 779-G. Contents Preface vii List of Contributors ix 1. Introduction: Empires and Communities in the Post- Roman and Islamic World 1 Walter Pohl and Rutger Kramer 2. The Emergence of New Polities in the Breakup of the Abbasid Caliphate 14 Hugh Kennedy 3. The Emergence of New Polities in the Breakup of the Western Roman Empire 28 Walter Pohl 4. Comparative Perspectives: Differences between the Dissolution of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Western Roman Empire 64 Walter Pohl and Hugh Kennedy 5. Fragmentation and Integration: A Response to the Contributions by Hugh Kennedy and Walter Pohl 76 Peter Webb 6. Historicizing Resilience: The Paradox of the Medieval East Roman State— Collapse, Adaptation, and Survival 89 John Haldon 7. Processions, Power, and Community Identity: East and West 121 Leslie Brubaker and Chris Wickham v vi Contents 8. Death of a Patriarch: The Murder of Yūḥannā ibn Jamī (d. 966) and the Question of “Melkite” Identity in Early Islamic Palestine 188 Daniel Reynolds 9. Diversity and Convergence: The Accommodation of Ethnic and Legal Pluralism in the Carolingian Empire 227 Stefan Esders and Helmut Reimitz 10. Franks, Romans, and Countrymen: Imperial Interests, Local Identities, and the Carolingian Conquest of Aquitaine 253 Rutger Kramer 11. From the Sublime to the Ridiculous: Yemeni Arab Identity in Abbasid Iraq 283 Peter Webb 12. Loyal and Knowledgeable Supporters: Integrating Egyptian Elites in Early Islamic Egypt 329 Petra M. Sijpesteijn 13. Concluding Thoughts: Empires and Communities 360 Chris Wickham Bibliography 367 Index 437 Preface T his volume is the result of a memorable collaborative effort. The authors of the chapters met in Vienna four times to discuss topics, presentations, and drafts of papers, in order to arrive at a more differentiated picture of the relationship between late antique and early medieval empires and particular communities within their range of control. Specialists in the late antique/ early medieval West, Byzantium, and the early Islamic period contributed their dif- ferent perspectives on the Roman Empires in East and West and the Umayyad/ Abbasid caliphates. Rather than using a strict common grid of questions and criteria, we worked with the different angles that emerged from a divergent source base and disciplinary state of the art, and we explored differences and commonalities resulting from the various case studies. It was an intellectually stimulating venture, and we hope that readers will be able to share some of this experience. This collaboration was made possible by a large interdisciplinary project funded by the Austrian Research Council, Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Österreich (FWF): Visions of Community: Comparative Approaches to Ethnicity, Region and Empire in Christianity, Islam and Buddhism (400–1 600 CE) (VISCOM) F 42– G 18, a Spezialforschungsbereich (SFB) that was active from 2011 to 2019 and involved medieval history, social anthropology, Islamic studies, and Buddhist studies. It was based both at the University of Vienna and at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The working group was hosted by the Institute for Medieval Research of the Austrian Academy. The editors are grateful to all institutions involved, and especially to Nicola Edelmann for her tireless efforts helping to bring this volume to fruition. vii
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