Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology) PDF
Preview Empire of Souls: Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth (Oxford Studies in Historical Theology)
Empire of Souls OXFORD STUDIES IN HISTORICAL THEOLOGY SERIES EDITOR David C. Steinmetz, Duke University Editorial Board Irena Backus, Université de Genève Robert C. Gregg, Stanford University George M. Marsden, University of Notre Dame Wayne A. Meeks, Yale University Gerhard Sauter, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Susan E. Schreiner, University of Chicago John Van Engen, University of Notre Dame Geoffrey Wainwright, Duke University Robert L. Wilken, University of Virginia GOD’S IRISHMEN Theological Debates in Cromwellian Ireland Crawford Gribben REFORMING SAINTS Saint’s Lives and Their Authors in Germany, 1470–1530 David J. Collins GREGORY OF NAZIANZUS ON THE TRINITY AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF GOD In Your Light We Shall See Light Christopher A. Beeley THE JUDAIZING CALVIN Sixteenth-Century Debates over the Messianic Psalms G. Sujin Pak REVIVING THE DEAD LETTER Johann David Michaelis and the Quest for Hebrew Antiquity Michael C. Legaspi ARE YOU ALONE WISE? Debates about Certainty in the Early Modern Church Susan E. Schreiner EMPIRE OF SOULS Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth Stefania Tutino Empire of Souls Robert Bellarmine and the Christian Commonwealth STEFANIA TUTINO 2010 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tutino, Stefania. Empire of souls : Robert Bellarmine and the Christian commonwealth / Stefania Tutino. p. cm. — (Oxford studies in historical theology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–974053–6 1. Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, Saint, 1542–1621. 2. Popes–Temporal power–History of doctrines. 3. Christianity and politics–Europe–History. 4. Europe–Kings and rulers–Deposition. 5. Counter-Reformation. I. Title. BX1810.T88 2010 262′.132092—dc22 2009049445 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Acknowledgments This book could not have been written without the help, kindness, and competence of the staff of the libraries and archives where I have worked these past few years. I am especially grateful to Monsignor Alejandro Cifres and Dr. Daniel Ponziani, director and archivist, respectively, of the Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede; Professor Martín Morales, S.J., director of the Archivio della Pontifi cia Università Gregoriana; Dr. Mario Brunello and all the staff of the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu; and Dr. Giovanni Castaldo and all the staff of the Archivio Segreto Vaticano. I would also like to thank the staff of the Cambridge University Library, the British Library, and the Duke Humfrey’s Library at the Bodleian Library. While thinking about and working on this book, I have benefi ted from the suggestions and criticism of many colleagues and friends. I am especially grateful to Lori Anne Ferrell, Knud Haakonssen, Claudia Mancina, Arthur Marotti, Tom Mayer, Sears McGee, Anthony Milton, Adriano Prosperi, Debora Shuger, Johann Sommerville, Ann Taves, and Colleen Windham-Hughes. I would also like to thank the anonymous readers, Cynthia Read, and the editorial staff at Oxford University Press for their comments, suggestions, and support. Errors and omissions, of course, are my own. Finally, this book is dedicated to my husband, Tommaso Treu: ho sceso, dandoti il braccio, almeno un milione di scale . . . . This page intentionally left blank Stepan Trofi movich was growing more and more excited, morbidly so, beyond his strength. “The one constant thought that there exists some- thing immeasurably more just and happy than I, fi lls the whole of me with immeasurable tenderness and—glory—oh, whoever I am, what- ever I do! . . . The whole law of human existence consists in nothing other than a man’s always being able to bow before the immeasurably great. If people are deprived of the immeasurably great, they will not live and will die in despair. The immeasurable and infi nite is as essen- tial to man as the small planet he inhabits” . . . Stepan Trofi movich died three days later, by then completely unconscious. —F. Dostoyevsky, Demons This page intentionally left blank Contents Abbreviations , xi Introduction , 3 1. The Foundations of Bellarmine’s Potestas Indirecta , 9 2. The Controversies over the Controversiae : 1580s–1590s , 49 3. The Controversy over the Interdetto and the Attacks against Bellarmine’s Theory , 81 4. Bellarmine and the Oath of Allegiance , 117 5. Robert Bellarmine and the Potestas Indirecta : Continental Repercussions , 159 6. The Making of a Scapegoat: The Case of Martin Becanus , 211 7. Robert Bellarmine and the Catholic Church: Questions of Power and Authority , 261 Notes , 293 Select Bibliography , 377 Index , 397
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