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Emotions in Archetypal Media Content PDF

245 Pages·2014·5.28 MB·English
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Emotions in ArchEtypAl mEdiA contEnt Huang-Ming CHang Chang, Huang-Ming Emotions in archetypal Media Content / by Huang-Ming Chang. -Eindhoven: Technische universiteit Eindhoven, 2014.-Proefschrift- a catalogue record is available from the Eindhoven university of Technology library iSBn 978-90-386-3663-4 Keywords: Emotion / unconscious / Psychology / archetype / Media / (cid:36)(cid:895)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81) Latex typesetting and cover design: Huang-Ming Chang Copyright © 2014 by Huang-Ming Chang EMOTIONS IN ARCHETYPAL MEDIA CONTENT PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 16 september 2014 om 16:00 uur door Huang-Ming Chang geboren te Taichung, Taiwan Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren en de samenstelling van de promotiecommissie is als volgt: voorzitter: prof. dr. ir. A.C. Brombacher 1e promotor: prof. dr. M. Rauterberg 2e promotor: prof. dr. M. Díaz (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) co-promotor: dr. W. Chen leden: prof. dr. A. Català (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) prof. dr. L.-L. Chen prof. dr. ir. L.M.G. Feijs prof. dr. E.S.H. Tan (Universiteit van Amsterdam) This   dissertation   was   produced   under   Erasmus   Mundus   Joint   Doctorate   Program   in   Interactive   and   Cognitive   Environments.   The   research   was   conducted  towards  a  joint  double  PhD  degree  between  the  following  partner   universities:   TECHNISCHE  UNIVERSITEIT  EINDHOVEN   UNIVERSITAT  POLITÈCNICA  DE  CATALUNYA Acknowledgments   This  PhD  Thesis  has  been  developed  in  the  framework  of,  and  according  to,   the   rules   of   the   Erasmus   Mundus   Joint   Doctorate   on   Interactive   and   Cognitive  Environments  EMJD  ICE  [FPA  n°  2010-­‐‑0012]  with  the  cooperation   of  the  following  Universities:   Alpen-­‐‑Adria-­‐‑Universität  Klagenfurt  –  AAU     Queen  Mary,  University  of  London  –  QMUL     Technische  Universiteit  Eindhoven  –  TU/e     Università  degli  Studi  di  Genova  –  UNIGE     Universitat  Politècnica  Catalunya  –  UPC       According  to  ICE  regulations,  the  Italian  PhD  title  has  also  been  awarded  by   the  Università  degli  Studi  di  Genova. SUMMARY Emotion is an intriguing and mysterious psychological phenomenon. While everyone seemstoknowwhatitis,researchershavenotyetcometoconsensusonitsdefinition,and many questions still remain unanswered. While the nature of emotion is yet to discover, the design community has noticed is importance, and poses the challenge of how emotion could inform design. We see the necessity to follow the state of the art in psychology and initiate the undertaking by exploring the emotional qualities in various types of media content. The first part of this thesis aims at constructing a theoretical framework. Recent yearshaveseenempiricalstudiessuggestthatemotioncouldbeunconscious.Whilethisis to be further justified, scientists are motivated to reconsider current theories of emotion to accountforthisphenomenon.Inlightofthis,weintegratethesestudiesaboutunconscious emotion into our literature review. An overview from theory to practice is illustrated to provide a reference for viewing the current states in application domains, such as affec- tive computing and emotional design. This review offers a holistic understanding about emotion from various perspectives, which allow us to look for new directions in future studies. Based on our review, we see a promising direction by applying psychoanalysis meth- ods to analyze the media content as affective stimuli, and these stimuli can be evaluated by using quantitative measures to investigate the connection between the content and the corresponding emotions. The analysis on the media content is based on a psychoanalysis theory—the theory of archetypes—proposed by Carl Jung. He argues that there exists a universal pattern in humans’ unconscious thoughts, which can be manifested as symbolic content in various forms of narratives, such as myth and fairy tales. Today, this archetypal symbolic content can be seen in modern media, particularly in movies. By applying the Jungian approach, we analyzed the symbolic meaning in movie scenes and edit these fea- ture scenes into a collection of archetypal media content, which serve as the experimental materials for later explorations. In the second part of this thesis, we present three experimental studies that aim at de- termining if archetypal media content can be differentiated based on emotional responses. We adopted the psychoanalytical approach described earlier to collect feature scenes in movies as archetypal media content. Meanwhile, affective stimuli of explicit emotions are also included as benchmarks for comparison, such as sadness and joy. Self-reports and physiological signals are both adopted for measuring emotional responses. These three studies follow similar experimental design: presenting stimuli and measuring emotion concurrently. The results of these studies confirm that emotions induced by archetypal content are different from explicit emotions, and the statistical analysis further indicate that the predictive model obtained from physiological signals outperforms the model gen- erated from self-reports while viewing archetypal media content. These results, however, are opposite to the results gained from affective stimuli of explicit emotions, leading us to the conclusion that archetypal media content might induce unconscious emotions, and physiologicalsignalsaremoreeffectivethanself-reportsforrecognizingemotionsinduced by archetypal media content. v In the third part of this thesis, we explore how archetypal media content could inform design for media. First, we conducted two studies to answer the research question that if designers could generate richer affective content by mood boards when they are exposed to archetypal media content, comparing to non-archetypal media content. In these studies, designers were asked to create mood boards based on their emotional experience about archetypal film clips. Next, we used qualitative and quantitative questionnaires to collect subjects’ opinions about these mood boards and the media content. The results show that archetypal mood boards are more attractive than non-archetypal mood boards. Further- more,theinter-ratercorrelationamongthesemoodboardsisremarkablyhigh,suggesting thatmoodboardscanbeauniversaltoolforrepresentingemotionalexperience.Therefore, we developed a set of applications for recording and representing emotional experiences for media content by generating mood boards. The context of use is explained and a case studyispresentedfordemonstration.Sincearchetypalcontentismainlymanifestedinnar- ratives, another promising direction is to develop emotion-driven media systems. While traditional narratives usually follow a linear storyline, emotion-driven media provides a dynamic, recursive, viewer-dependent media experience. We propose a conceptual frame- work and look forward to future development. vi PUBLICATIONS JOURNALS 1. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2013). From mythology to psychology: Identifying archetypal symbols in movies. Tech- noetic Arts, 11(2), 99–113. doi: 10.1386/tear.11.2.99_1 2. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2013). Unconscious emotions: Quantifying and logging something we are not aware of. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 17(4), 663–673. doi: 10.1007/s00779-012-0514-5 3. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (in press). Unspoken emotions in movies: The basis of emotion-driven storytelling systems. Informatik-Spektrum. 4. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (in press). Enacting archetypes in movies: Grounding the unconscious mind in emotion-driven media. Digital Creativity. 5. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (in press). Beyond cognition and affect: sensing the unconscious. Behaviour and Information Technology. 6. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (n.d.). From symbolic mean- ings to emotions: A new strategy for selecting affective stimuli to discover unknown emotions. Psychological Reports. Under review. 7. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (n.d.). Makingsenseofunconsciousemotions:Approachesandchallenges.Personalityand Social Psychology Review. Under review. 8. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (n.d.). Tracesofarchetypalexperiencesinintrospectivereportsandphysiologicalresponses. PLOS ONE. Under review. 9. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (n.d.). ArcheSense: A tool for evaluation of affective experience. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. Under review. vii CONFERENCE 1. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2011). Lifelogging for hidden minds: Interacting unconsciously. In J. C. Anacleto, S. Fels, N. Graham, B. Kapra- los, M. S. El-Nasr, & K. Stanley (Eds.), Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2011 (Lec- ture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6972) (pp. 411–414). Berlin, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-24500-8_54 2. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2012). A new representation of emotion in affective computing. In J. Jia (Ed.), Proceeding of 2012 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (Lecture Notes in In- formationTechnologyVol.10)(pp.337–343).Taipei,Taiwan:InformationEngineering Research Institute. 3. Chang,H.-M.,Ivonin,L.,Chen,W.,&Rauterberg,M.(2013).Feelingsomethingwith- out knowing why: Measuring emotions toward archetypal content. In M. Mancas, N. d’ Alessandro, X. Siebert, B. Gosselin, C. Valderrama, & T. Dutoit (Eds.), Intelligent TechnologiesforInteractiveEntertainment:5thInternationalICSTConference,INTE- TAIN2013(LNICSTVol.124)(pp.22–31).Cham,Switzerland:SpringerInternational Publishing. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03892-6_3 4. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2013). Experiencetheworldwitharchetypalsymbols:Anewformofaesthetics.InN.Streitz & C. Stephanidis (Eds.), Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions (Lecture NotesinComputerScienceVol.8028)(pp.205–214).Berlin,Germany:SpringerBerlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-39351-8_23 5. Chang, H.-M., Ivonin, L., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2013). Whatdowefeelaboutarchetypes:Self-reportsandphysiologicalsignals.InProceed- ings of 21st European Signal Processing Conference-EUSIPCO 2013 (Special Session: Signal Processing Models for Influence and Interaction Analysis in Cognitive Sys- tems) (pp. 1–5). Marrakech, Morocco: EURASIP Open Library. 6. Ivonin, L., Chang, H.-M., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2013). Automatic recognition of the unconscious reactions from physiological signals. In A. Holzinger, M. Ziefle, M. Hitz, & M. Debevc (Eds.), Human Factors in Computing and Informatics (LNCS Vol.7946)(pp. 16–35).Berlin, Heidelberg:Springer.doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-39062-3_2 7. Chang, H.-M., Diaz, M., Catala, A., Chen, W., & Rauterberg, M. (2014). Mood boards asauniversaltoolforinvestigatingemotionalexperience.InA.Marcus(Ed.),DUXU 2014, Part IV, (LNCS Vol. 8520) (pp. 220–231). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. viii

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Keywords: Emotion / Unconscious / Psychology / Archetype / Media / Psychophysiol- content in various forms of narratives, such as myth and fairy tales. Jungian approach, we analyzed the symbolic meaning in movie scenes The results of these studies confirm that emotions induced by archetypal.
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