Emotion PDF
Preview Emotion
Vagus nerve Heart Salivary glands Lungs Liver Stomach Pupil Sympathetic outflow Parasympathetic outflow Cranial nerves (12 pairs) Postganglionic axons Cervical nerves (8 pairs) Thoracic nerves (12 pairs) Lumbar nerves (5 pairs) Sacral nerves (5 pairs) Coccygeal nerve (1 pair) Celiac ganglion Pelvic nerve (Most ganglia near spinal cord) Preganglionic axons Pancreas Kidney Adrenal gland Muscles that erect hairs Sweat gland Bladder Uterus Genitals Large intestine Small intestine FIGURE C.1 The sympathetic nervous system readies the body for intense emergency actions. The parasympathetic nervous system facilitates digestion and other energy- conserving actions. Source: Adapted from Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life, 5th Edition, by C. Starr and R. Taggart, p. 340. Copyright © 1989 Wadsworth. FIGURE C.2 Summary of results from many research studies. Each colored dot represents one study that found increased activity in the designated brain area during a particular emotional state. Note that the results for any one emotion largely overlap those for other emotions. Results depended on the research procedures as well as which emotion was studied. Source: Reprinted from Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002). Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. NeuroImage, 16, 331–348, with permission from Elsevier. FIGURE C.3 Thermal images from one person’s face before (left) and immediately after (right) he told a lie. Source: Reprinted from Pavlidis, I., Eberhardt, N. L., & Levine, J. A., (2002). Seeing through the face of deception. Nature, 415, 35. Reproduced with per- mission of NATURE PUB. GROUP via Copyright Clearance Center. Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. FIGURE C.4 ( L E F T) Someone who briefly views one of these images while wearing a green filter over one eye and a red filter over the other consciously sees either a face or a house. However, even when someone reports seeing only the house, the amygdala responds to the emotion of the face anyway. SOURCE: Williams, M. A., Morris, A. P., McGlone, F., Abbott, D. F., & Mattingley, J. B. (2004). Amygdala responses to fearful and happy facial expressions under conditions of binocular suppression. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 2898–2904. © 2004. Society for Neuroscience. FIGURE C.5 ( A B O V E) The anterior cingulate cortex (seen here in the red and yellow indicators from fMRI measurements) produces increased activity while someone is being socially excluded. The same area is activated by emotional responses to physical pain. Source: Reprinted with permission from Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290–292. © 2003, AAAS. FIGURE C.6 (LEFT) Do the eye expressions appear to differ between A and B? Between C and D? Many people think they see a difference between A and B, where the expres- sions are actually the same, but fail to see the difference that does exist between C and D. Our perception of the smiling mouth dominates our evaluation of the entire face. Source: Reprinted from: Kontsevich, L. L., & Tyler, C. W. (2004). What makes Mona Lisa smile? Vision Research, 44, 1493–1498, with permission from Elsevier. FIGURE C.7 (ABOVE) The top part shows in red those areas that had more ac- tivity while reading “guilt” sentences than unemotional sentences. The bottom part shows the areas that were more activated by “embarrassment” sentences than un- emotional sentences. Note the great simi- larity between guilt and embarrassment. Source: Reprinted from: Takahashi, H., Yahata, N., Koeda, M., Matsuda, T., Asai, K., & Okubo, Y. (2004). Brain activa- tion associated with evaluative processes of guilt and em- barrassment: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 23, 967–974, with permission from Elsevier. FIGURE C.8 ( A B O V E) In these cross-sections through human brains, yellow indicates different areas that showed greater activity during either sexual arousal or inhibition of arousal. Source: Reprinted with permission from Beauregard, M., Lévesque, J., & Bourgouin, P. (2001). Neural correlates of conscious self-regulation of emotion. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, RC165. © 2001, Society for Neuroscience. Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. MICHELLE N. SHIOTA Arizona State University JAMES W. KALAT North Carolina State University Emotion SECOND EDITION Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 Emotion, Second Edition Michelle N. Shiota and James W. Kalat Publisher/Executive Editor: Linda Schreiber-Ganster Acquisitions Editor: Jon-David Hague Development Editor: Kelly Miller Editorial Assistant: Kelly Miller Marketing Manager: Jessica Egbert Marketing Coordinator: Anna Anderson Marketing Communications Manager: Laura Localio Content Project Management: PreMediaGlobal Art Director: Pamela Galbreath Print Buyer: Mary Beth Hennebury RAS, Text: Dean Dauphinais RAS, Image: Dean Dauphinais Production House/Compositor: PreMediaGlobal Cover Design: William Stanton, Stanton Design Cover Image: © Gala/Shutterstock.com © 2012, 2007 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 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