Emotion and Psychopathology: Bridging Affective and Clinical Science

328 Pages·2007·19.51 MB·English

by  Jonathan Rottenberg

Emotion and
Psychopathology
B R I D G I NG A F F E C T I VE
A ND C L I N I C AL S C I E N CE
EDITED BY
Jonathan Rottenberg
Sheri L.Johnson
A M E R I C AN P S Y C H O L O G I C AL A S S O C I A T I ON
W A S H I N G T O N, DC
Copyright © 2007 by the American Psychological Association. All rights reserved. Except
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Emotion and psychopathology : bridging affective and clinical science / edited by
Jonathan Rottenberg and Sheri L. Johnson. — 1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59147-786-0
ISBN-10: 1-59147-786-7
1. Emotions. 2. Physiology, Pathological. 3. Affect (Psychology). I. Rottenberg, Jonathan.
II. Johnson, Sheri L.
[DNLM: 1. Emotions—physiology. 2. Affective Symptoms—physiopathology. 3. Mental
Disorders—physiopathology. 4. Mental Disorders—therapy. 5. Psychophysiology—methods.
WL 103 E533 2007]
RC455.4.E46E38 2007
616.89—dc22 2006032732
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record is available from the British Library.
Printed in the United States of America
First Edition
CONTENTS
Contributors vii
Introduction: Bridging Affective and Clinical Science 3
Jonathan Rottenberg and Sheri L. Johnson
I. Advances in Basic Affective Science 11
Chapter 1. Affect Assessment Through Self-Report
Methods 13
John Humrichouse, Michael Chmielewski,
Elizabeth A. McDade'Montez, and David Watson
Chapter 2. Emotional Behavior and Psychopathology:
A Survey of Methods and Concepts 35
June Gruber and Dacher Keltner
Chapter 3. Methods for Studying the Psychophysiology of
Emotion 53
Craig Santerre and John J. B. Allen
Chapter 4. Methods for Studying Cognitive Aspects of
Emotion 81
Edward Wilson and Colin MacLeod
II. Applications to Psychopathology 101
Chapter 5. Emotion and Schizophrenia 103
JackJ. Blanchard, AlexS. Cohen, and
Jaymee T. Carreno
Chapter 6. Emotion and Bipolar Disorder 123
Sheri L. Johnson, June Gruber, and
Lori R. Eisner
Chapter 7. Major Depressive Disorder: Emerging Evidence
for Emotion Context Insensitivity 151
Jonathan Rottenberg
Chapter 8. Four Principles of Fear and Their Implications
for Phobias 167
Arne Ohman and Christian Ruck
Chapter 9. Alcohol and Emotion: Insights and Directives
From Affective Science 191
John]. Curtin and Alan R. Lang
Chapter 10. Affective Processes in Psychopathy 215
Christopher J. Patrick
III. Treatment Applications and Future Directions 241
Chapter 11. Emotion-Based Approaches to the Anxiety
Disorders 243
Frank J. Farach and Douglas S. Mennin
Chapter 12. Affective Science as a Framework for
Understanding the Mechanisms and Effects of
Antidepressant Medications 263
Andrew J. Tomarken, Richard C. Shelton, and
Steven D. Hollon
Chapter 13. Affective Science and Psychotherapy:
In Search of Synergy 285
Timothy J. Strauman, Kari Merrill Eddington,
and Megan C. McCrudden
Afterword: Bridges Yet to Come—Future Directions for Integrating
Affective and Clinical Science 305
Jonathan Rottenberg, Sheri L. Johnson, and James J. Gross
Author Index 309
Subject Index 327
About the Editors 335
VI CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS
John J. B. Allen, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona,
Tucson
Jack J. Blanchard, PhD, Clinical Program, Department of Psychology,
University of Maryland, College Park
Jaymee T. Carreno, MA, Department of Psychology, University of
Maryland, College Park
Michael Chmielewski, MA, Department of Psychology, University of
Iowa, Iowa City
Alex S. Cohen, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland,
College Park
John J. Curtin, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of
Wisconsin—Madison
Kari Merrill Eddington, PhD, Department of Psychology and
Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
Lori R. Eisner, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami,
Miami, FL
Frank J. Farach, MS, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New
Haven, CT
James J. Gross, PhD, Department of Psychology, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA
June Gruber, MA, Department of Psychology, University of California,
Berkeley
Steven D. Hollon, PhD, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN
John Humrichouse, BA, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City
Sheri L. Johnson, PhD, Psychology Department, University of Miami,
Coral Gables, FL
VII
Dacher Keltner, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of
California, Berkeley
Alan R. Lang, PhD, The R. Robert von Briining Professor of Psychology,
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee
Colin MacLeod, BSc, MPhil, DPhil, School of Psychology, University of
Western Australia, Crawley
Megan C. McCrudden, MA, Department of Psychology and
Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
Elizabeth A. McDade-Montez, MA, Department of Psychology,
University of Iowa, Iowa City
Douglas S. Mennin, PhD, Department of Psychology and Yale Anxiety
and Mood Services, Yale University, New Haven, CT
Arne Ohman, PhD, Psychology Section, Department of Clinical
Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, Solna, Stockholm,
Sweden
Christopher J. Patrick, PhD, Department of Psychology, and Clinical
Science and Psychopathology Research Training Program, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis
Jonathan Rottenberg, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of
South Florida, Tampa
Christian Ruck, PhD, MD, Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical
Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Craig Santerre, MA, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona,
Tucson
Richard C. Shelton, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt
University Medical School, Nashville, TN
Timothy J. Strauman, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,
Duke University, Durham, NC
Andrew J. Tomarken, PhD, Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, TN
David Watson, PhD, F. Wendell Miller Professor, Department of
Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City
Edward Wilson, PhD, School of Psychology, University of Western
Australia, Crawley
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Emotion and Psychopathology
INTRODUCTION: BRIDGING
AFFECTIVE AND CLINICAL SCIENCE
JONATHAN ROTTENBERG AND SHERIL. JOHNSON
Part of being human is that we must often rely on our emotions. One
might think of emotions as trusted counselors who urge us to do the right
thing at the right time. Usually, this reliance is well placed: Fear helps pre-
vent injury, love forges lasting bonds, and anger wards off attack. Although
emotions can help us adapt successfully to the environment, psychopathol-
ogy reveals the darker side of emotion.
On this darker side, emotional impulses are poorly tuned to the envi-
ronment: They arise in the wrong contexts, build to the wrong intensity, and
last for the wrong duration. When emotions go wrong, the consequences can
be terrible. Anyone who has suffered from clinical depression or anxiety or
who has cared for a person who suffers from these conditions, for example,
knows full well that to lose purchase on one's emotions is not only debilitat-
ing but frightening.
In fact, emotional disturbance, in one form or another, is a central fea-
ture of psychopathology. A review of the main diagnostic handbook, the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric
Association, 2000), reveals that most disorders are accompanied by emo-
tional disturbances. Table 1 illustrates this point by listing 10 representative
examples of emotional symptoms in psychopathology.
TABLE 1
Ten Examples of Emotional Symptoms in Psychopathology
Disorder Symptom
Major depressive disorder Sadness, guilt, anhedonia
Mania Excessive euphoria, irritability
Schizophrenia Flat affect, anhedonia
Panic disorder Sudden unexplained bursts of fear
Specific phobia Excessive fear of focal object
Obsessive-compulsive disorder Repetitive anxious thoughts
Hypochondriasis Persistent fear of serious disease
Pyromania Pleasure from setting fires
Antisocial personality disorder Irritability, aggressiveness, lack of guilt
Borderline personality disorder Emotional instability, anger attacks
Emotions have historically been regarded as mysterious, even impen-
etrable to inquiry, and it has been left to poets and philosophers to marvel at
their power to disrupt our affairs. Can contemporary science succeed where
others have failed and bring conceptual order to the dark side of emotion? At
first this task may seem daunting. Emotions can go wrong in so many ways,
and these various forms of dysfunction are not easily described or arrayed
into a meaningful scheme. Fortunately, however, a set of tools has been de-
veloped—which we refer to in this volume as affective science—that have
tremendous potential to facilitate scientific work on the role of emotions in
psychopathology. These new tools, which vary from techniques to measure
emotion to procedures to elicit emotion in a laboratory setting, are already
allowing researchers and clinicians to formulate more sophisticated
conceptualizations that will enhance the capacity to diagnose and treat dis-
orders. We hope that in communicating these advances, this book represents
a small step in harnessing these tools to better understand both psychopa-
thology and normal emotional variation.
WHY IS BRIDGING AFFECTIVE AND CLINICAL
SCIENCE SO IMPORTANT?
We titled this volume Emotion and Psychopathology: Bridging Affective and
Clinical Science. Arguably, the most salient of these eight words is bridging. In
this introduction, we want to explain what bridging is and why it matters.
The fragmentation of modem scientific inquiry has been lamented in
virtually every field of investigation—from astronomy to zoology. Scientific
fragmentation has been acutely felt in the field of emotion, where there has
been a wide gulf between "basic" research on normative emotion function-
ing and "applied" research on clinical disorders. Why the gulf between affec-
tive and clinical science? Undoubtedly, many factors have contributed to
this separation, including old habits of thinking, the complexity of the phe-
4 ROTTENBERG AND JOHNSON