Emitter Detection and Geolocation for Electronic Warfare

352 Pages·2019·8.157 MB·English

by  Nicholas A. O’Donoughue

Emitter Detection and Geolocation
for Electronic Warfare

Emitter Detection and Geolocation
for Electronic Warfare
Nicholas A. O’Donoughue
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover design by John Gomes
ISBN 13: 978-1-63081-564-6
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Contents
Preface xv
Chapter1 Introduction 1
1.1 DetectionofThreatEmitters 2
1.2 AngleofArrival(AOA)Estimation 4
1.3 GeolocationofThreatEmitters 5
1.3.1 GeolocationbySatellite 7
1.4 SignalsofInterest 7
1.5 NonmilitaryUses 9
1.6 Limitations 9
I DetectionofThreatEmitters 11
Chapter2 DetectionTheory 13
2.1 Background 13
2.1.1 SourcesofVariation 13
2.1.2 LikelihoodFunction 14
2.1.3 SufficientStatistic 15
2.2 BinaryHypothesisTesting 17
2.3 CompositeHypothesis 21
2.4 ConstantFalse-AlarmRateDetectors 24
2.4.1 SideChannelInformation 25
2.5 ProblemSet 27
vii
viii Contents
Chapter3 DetectionofCWSignals 29
3.1 Background 29
3.2 Formulation 30
3.3 Solution 33
3.3.1 ThresholdSelection 34
3.3.2 DetectionAlgorithm 35
3.3.3 DetectionPerformance 36
3.4 PerformanceAnalysis 36
3.4.1 BriefReviewofRFPropagation 37
3.4.2 DetectionofanFMBroadcastTower 41
3.4.3 CWRadarDetection 44
3.5 ProblemSet 46
Chapter4 DetectionofSpreadSpectrumSignals 49
4.1 Background 50
4.2 Formulation 53
4.2.1 DSSSEncoding 53
4.2.2 SpreadSpectrumRadarSignals 54
4.3 Solution 54
4.3.1 EnergyDetectors 54
4.3.2 CyclostationaryDetectors 55
4.3.3 Cross-CorrelationDetectors 58
4.4 PerformanceAnalysis 62
4.4.1 Detectionofa3GCDMACellSignal 64
4.4.2 DetectionofaWidebandRadarPulse 66
4.5 Limitations 67
4.6 ProblemSet 68
Chapter5 ScanningReceivers 71
5.1 DigitalReceivers 72
5.1.1 In-Phase(I)andQuadrature(Q)Digitization 73
5.2 IFReceivers 73
5.3 FrequencyResolution 76
5.4 ProblemSet 79
II AngleofArrivalEstimation 83
Chapter6 EstimationTheory 85
Contents ix
6.1 Background 85
6.2 MaximumLikelihoodEstimation 86
6.3 OtherEstimators 88
6.3.1 MinimumVarianceUnbiasedEstimators 88
6.3.2 BayesEstimators 89
6.3.3 LeastSquareEstimators 91
6.3.4 ConvexEstimators 92
6.3.5 TrackingEstimators 92
6.4 PerformanceMeasures 94
6.4.1 RootMeanSquaredError(RMSE) 95
6.4.2 CRLB 95
6.4.3 AngleErrorVarianceandConfidenceIntervals 101
6.5 ProblemSet 103
Chapter7 Direction-FindingSystems 107
7.1 BeamPattern-BasedDirectionFinding 108
7.1.1 Implementation 110
7.1.2 Performance 110
7.2 Watson-WattDirectionFinding 117
7.2.1 Implementation 118
7.2.2 Performance 119
7.3 Doppler-BasedDirectionFinding 120
7.3.1 Formulation 122
7.3.2 Implementation 123
7.3.3 Performance 124
7.4 PhaseInterferometry 127
7.4.1 Implementation 129
7.4.2 Performance 130
7.4.3 ResolvingAmbiguitieswithMultipleBaselines 132
7.5 PerformanceComparison 132
7.6 MonopulseDirectionFinding 137
7.6.1 Performance 139
7.7 ProblemSet 141
Chapter8 Array-BasedAOA 145
8.1 Background 145
8.1.1 NonstandardArrayConfigurations 146
8.2 Formulation 148
8.2.1 MultiplePlaneWaves 149