Emil W. Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest PDF
Preview Emil W. Haury's Prehistory of the American Southwest
Emil W Haury’s Prehistory of the American Southwest Emil W Haury’s Prehistory of the American Southwest EDITED BY J. Jefferson Reid and David E. Doyel THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS TUCSON About the Author Emil W. Haury, past president of the Society for American Archaeology and of the American Anthropological Association, received the Viking Fund Medal in 1950 and the A. V. Kidder Medal in 1977. From the late 1930s until 1964 he served as director of the Arizona State Museum and as head of the department of anthropology at the University of Arizona, where he was also the Fred A. Riecker distinguished professor in anthropology from 1970 to 1980. During his career he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society. About the Editors J. Jefferson Reid, associate professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.became director of the Archaeological Field School at Grasshopper in 1979. His research has emphasized the Mogollon culture and the history of the development of southwestern archaeology. He received his doctoral degree in 1973 from the University of Arizona, where he studied with Emil Haury. David E. Doyel assumed the responsibilities of city archaeologist and director of Pueblo Grande Museum for the city of Phoenix in 1984. Previously he had conducted research extensively in Arizona and northern New Mexico. He received his Ph.D. in 1977 from the University of Arizona, where he studied Hohokam prehistory with Emil Haury. THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS Copyright © 1986 The Arizona Board of Regents All Rights Reserved This book was set in 10/12 Linotron Baskerville. Manufactured in the U.S.A. Library of (Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter). 1904- Emil W. Haury’s Prehistory of the American Southwest. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Indians of North America—Southwest. New— Antiquities—Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Southwest. New—Antiquities—Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter), 1904- —Addresses, essays, lectures. 1. Reid,J.Jefferson. II. Doyel, David. III. Title. IV. Title: Prehistory of the American Southwest. E78.S7H37 1986 979'.01 85-20900 ISBN 0-8165-0896-8 To HULDA PENNER HAURY Contents PART ONE OVERVIEW 1. EMIL W. H AURY: The Archaeologist as Humanist 3 and Scientist J. Jefferson Reid Formative Years co Cummings, Douglass, and Gladwin Years (1925 to 1937) m Leadership and Style in Southwestern Archaeology a> Postscript as Prologue 17 2. THE GREATER AMERICAN SOUTHWEST 18 Emil W. Haury Environmental Considerations 21 Ethnographic Synopsis 22 Late Quaternary History 24 Progression of Culture Patterns 25 Final Considerations 42 viii Contents PART TWO TREES OF TIME 3. ARCHAEOLOGY AND DENDROCHRONOLOGY 49 Bryant Bannister and William J. Robinson 4. HH-39: Recollections of a Dramatic 55 Moment in Southwestern Archaeology Emil W. Haury 5. TREE RINGS: The Archaeologists Time-Piece 61 Emil W. Haury PART THREE THE FIRST SOUTHWESTERNERS Paleoindian and Archaic People 6. DISCOVERING EARLY MAN IN ARIZONA 75 C. Vance Haynes 7. ARTIFACTS WITH MAMMOTH REMAINS, 78 NACO, ARIZONA: Discovery of the Naco Mammoth and the Associated Projectile Points Emil W. Haury History 78 Topography 80 Occurrence of Bones 81 Points 86 Additional Discoveries 93 Discussion 96 Conclusions 98 8. THE LEHNER MAMMOTH SITE, 99 SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA Emil IV. Haury, E. B. Sayles, and William IV. Wasley Climate and Ecology 101 Location of the Site 105 Excavation Procedure 105 The Bone Bed 107 Contents ix The Hearth Area 112 The Geological Events: A Preview 115 The Artifacts 118 Naco-Lehner Comparison 129 The Llano Complex 131 Dating the Lehner Site 133 Big Game Hunters and Plant Gatherers 136 Discussion 139 Conclusions 144 9. AN ALLUVIAL SITE ON THE SAN CARLOS 146 INDIAN RESERVATION, ARIZONA Emil W. Haury The Cienega Valley 149 The Site 151 The Cremations 162 Cultural Materials 169 Recapitulation, Dating, and Relationships 179 PART FOUR HOHOKAM People of the Desert 10. A SHORT HISTORY OF HOHOKAM RESEARCH 193 David E. Doyel Gladwin and the Hohokam 194 Gladwin and Haury at Gila Pueblo 196 Continuity in Haury s Hohokam Research 200 Gladwin s Revisions 202 Di Peso and Schroeder: The O’olam and the Hakataya 204 Haury s Hohokam Réévaluation 207 Research Directions in the 1970s and 1980s 208 11. ROOSEVELT 9:6: A Hohokam Site of the Colonial Period 211 Emil W. Haury Location and Description 212 House Remains 214 Exterior Remains 251 Contents Material Culture 254 Cremations 281 Conclusions 282 PART FIVE MOGOLLON People of the Mountains 12. DEVELOPMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL THOUGHT 297 ON THE MIMBRES MOGOLLON Steifen A. LeBlanc Early Pit House Period: a.d. 200 to a.d. 550 300 Late Pit House Period: a.d. 550 to a.d. 1000 301 Classic Mimbres Period: a.d. 1000 to a.d. 1130 302 13. THE MOGOLLON CULTURE OF 305 SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO Emil W. Haury The Mogollon Village 307 House Remains at Mogollon Village 310 Disposal of the Dead at Mogollon Village 318 Mogollon Village Material Culture 322 The Harris Village 330 House Remains at Harris Village 339 Disposal of the Dead at Harris Village 354 Harris Village Material Culture 354 Discussion 363 The Mogollon Culture 396 Summary of Mimbres Prehistory 401 part six ANASAZI People of the Plateaus 14. DELINEATING THE ANASAZI 407 Jeffrey S. Dean
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