Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences PDF
Preview Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences
Ponnadurai Ramasami Minu Gupta Bhowon Sabina Jhaumeer Laulloo Henri Li Kam Wah Editors Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences Ponnadurai Ramasami (cid:129) Minu Gupta Bhowon (cid:129) Sabina Jhaumeer Laulloo (cid:129) Henri Li Kam Wah Editors Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences Editors PonnaduraiRamasami MinuGuptaBhowon Dept.ofChem.,Fac.ofScience Dept.ofChem.,Fac.ofScience UniversityofMauritius UniversityofMauritius Reduit,Mauritius Reduit,Mauritius SabinaJhaumeerLaulloo HenriLiKamWah Dept.ofChem.,Fac.ofScience Dept.ofChem.,Fac.ofScience UniversityofMauritius UniversityofMauritius Reduit,Mauritius Reduit,Mauritius ISBN978-3-319-60407-7 ISBN978-3-319-60408-4 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-60408-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017952931 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface ThefourtheditionoftheInternationalConferenceonPureandAppliedChemistry (ICPAC 2016) was held from 18 to 22 July 2016 at Sofitel Mauritius l’Impe´rial Resort&Spa,Wolmar,FlicenFlac,inMauritius.Thethemeoftheconferencewas “EmergingTrendsinChemicalSciences”.ICPAC2016wasattendedby210par- ticipantscomingfrom43countries.Theconferencefeatured90oraland80poster presentations.ThekeynotelecturewasaddressedbyMrPhilippeDenier,Director of Verification Division of the Organisation of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons(OPCW).OPCWwasawardedthe2013NobelPeacePrize. The participants of ICPAC 2016 were invited to submit full papers. The latter weresubsequentlypeerreviewed,andtheselectedpapersarecollectedinthisbook of proceedings. This book encloses 24 chapters covering a wide range of topics fromfundamentaltoappliedchemistry. Inthe first chapter, Stephen andRamracheya reviewedthe controversies, chal- lengesandfuturedirectionsofthemodulationofthepancreatichormone,glucagon, bythegutpeptide.Neteetal.analysedtantalitemineralsbyglowdischargeoptical emission spectrometry. Mlala et al. investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil extracted from Tagetes minuta L. Babu and Gupta reported on the emerging therapeutic compounds used for treating the differentdevastatingneurologicaldisorders.Sekwati-Monangetal.investigatedon the potential health risks of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater.Chakrabortyfocusedontheremovaloffluorideionfromgroundwater byadsorptionusingflyash.Masesaneetal.providedacomparativereview ofthe synthesisofflavanonesvia twodifferent pathways. Moyoet al.studiedtheuseof calciumalginate–Mangiferaindicaseedshellcompositeaspotentialbiosorbentfor electroplating wastewater treatment. Nyamai and Oballa reported on the nitrogen absorptionandimmobilizationpatternsascatalysedbytherootsofAcaciaplants. Mashile and coworkers studied the ultrasonic-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction using silica@multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid nanostructure sorbentfor preconcentration of trace Aflatoxin B inliquid milk samples. Pholosi 1 et al. studied the mechanism for the removal of Ni(II) and Co(II) from aqueous v vi Preface solutionusing pine cone. Nomngongo developed a simple, sensitive andselective method for speciation analysis of Sb, Se and Te in environmental samples using modifiedTiO multi-walledcarbonnanotubenanocompositepackedmicrocolumn 2 priortohydridegenerationinductivelycoupledplasmaopticalemissionspectrom- etry. Ross and Iwuoha functionalized lithium manganese oxide cathodes with nanotransition metal alloy to enhance lithium-ion battery power densities. Khalid et al. synthesized 5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl-4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl) benzyl sulfide and reported on their spectral and biological characteristics. L€otter et al. studied the influence of cation on zirconium/hafnium fluoride coordination. Nete and Purcell reported on the beneficiation of niobium and tantalum from tantaliteoreusingphysicalandchemicalprocessesincludingmagneticseparation, leaching, solvent extraction and ion exchangemethods. Kolotiet al. reviewed the recentapplicationsoflaccase-modifiedmembranesintheremoval ofbisphenolA and other organic pollutants. Taka et al. synthesized and characterized a novel bio-nanosponge filter as potential adsorbent for wastewater purification. Forbes reviewed some novel approaches to environmental monitoring such as use of denuders,lichensandfluorescencesensors.Mhlongoetal.isolatedendosymbiotic bacteria from Algoa and Kalk Bay in South Africa as source of antimicrobial compounds. Rahman et al. synthesized and characterized Pd-MCM-41 and Ni- boride-silicacatalystsforreducingsubstitutedaromatics.Ndintehinvestigatedthe antidiabetic potential of Erythrina abyssinica via protein tyrosine phosphate 1B inhibitoryactivity.MmonwaandMphahlelestudiedtheuseof2-amino-5-bromo-3- iodoacetophenone and 2-amino-5-bromo-3-iodobenzamide as synthons for novel polycarbo-substituted indoles and their annulated derivatives. The last chapter by Jeng and Krisnamoorthy related to processability issue in inverted organic solarcells. We would like to thank all those who submitted full manuscripts for consider- ation and the reviewers for their timely help in assessing these manuscripts for publication. WewouldalsoliketopayaspecialtributetoallthesponsorsofICPAC2016. We hope that this collection of papers will serve as a useful resource for researchers. Reduit,Mauritius P.Ramasami June2017 M.GuptaBhowon S.Jhaumeer-Laulloo H.LiKamWah Contents 1 ModulationofthePancreaticHormone,GlucagonbytheGut Peptide,GLP-1:Controversies,ChallengesandFutureDirections.... 1 SamStephenandReshmaRamracheya 2 AnalysisofNon-ConductingTantaliteMineralsbyGlow DischargeOpticalEmissionSpectrometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 M.Nete,W.Purcell,andJ.T.Nel 3 ChemicalCompositionandAntioxidantActivityofTagetes minutaL.inEasternCape,SouthAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 SithenkosiMlala,OpeoluwaOyehanOyedeji,ConstanceRufaro Sewani-Rusike,AdebolaOmowunmiOyedeji, andBenedictaNgwenchiNkeh-Chungag 4 TherapeuticsinNeurodegenerativeDisorders:Emerging CompoundsofInterest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 G.NageshBabuandManjeetGupta 5 InvestigationofHeavyMetalHazardsStatusandTheirPotential HealthRisksinVegetablesIrrigatedwithTreatedWastewater inOodiGardens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 BonnoSekwati-Monang,KabeloGilbertGaboutloeloe, andSelloAlfredLikuku 6 RemovalofFluoridefromGroundWaterbyAdsorptionUsing IndustrialSolidWaste(FlyAsh). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 GargiMaitraChakraborty,SarojKumarDas, andSailendraNathMandal 7 ComparativeReviewoftheSynthesisofFlavanonesviatheReaction ofCinnamicAcidsandPhenolsandtheReactionof 2-HydroxyacetophenonesandBenzaldehydes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 IshmaelB.Masesane,KenamileRabasimane,andKibromG.Bedane vii viii Contents 8 CalciumAlginate-MangiferaindicaSeedShellComposite asPotentialBiosorbentforElectroplatingWastewaterTreatment.... 101 MalvinMoyo,VusumziE.Pakade,andSekomengJ.Modise 9 NitrogenAbsorptionandImmobilizationPatternsasCataysed bytheRootsofAcaciaPlants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 NancyNyamaiandPhanuelOballa 10 Ultrasonic-AssistedDispersiveSolidPhaseMicroextraction (UA-DSPME)UsingSilica@MultiwalledCarbonNanotubes HybridNanostructuresSorbentforPreconcentrationofTrace AflatoxinB inLiquidMilkSamples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 1 GeanethP.Mashile,AneleMpupa,andPhiliswaN.Nomngongo 11 RemovalofNi(II)andCo(II)fromAqueousSolutionUsingPine Cone:AMechanismStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 AgnesPholosi,EliazerB.Naidoo,andAugustineE.Ofomaja 12 SpeciationAnalysisofInorganicSb,SeandTeinEnvironmental SamplesUsingModifiedTiO @MWCNTsNanocompositePacked 2 MicrocolumnpriortoHydrideGeneration-InductivelyCoupled PlasmaOpticalEmissionSpectrometry(HG-ICP-OES). . . . . . . . . 185 PhiliswaN.Nomngongo 13 NanoTransitionMetalAlloyFunctionalizedLithiumManganese OxideCathodes-SystemforEnhancedLithium-IonBatteryPower Densities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 NatashaRossandEmmanuelIwuoha 14 Synthesis,SpectralAnalysisandBiologicalEvaluationof 5-Substituted1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-yl-4-(Piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl) BenzylSulfide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 HiraKhalid,Aziz-ur-Rehman,M.AtharAbbasi,RashadHussain, AbdulMalik,MuhammadAshraf,andM.QaiserFatmi 15 CationInfluenceonZirconium/HafniumFluorideCoordination. . . . 239 StevenJ.L€otter,WalterPurcell,JohannT.Nel, andBernardusvanBrecht 16 BeneficiationofNiobiumandTantalumfromTantaliteOreUsing PhysicalandChemicalProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 M.NeteandW.Purcell 17 RecentApplicationsofLaccaseModifiedMembranes intheRemovalofBisphenolAandOtherOrganicPollutants. . . . 285 LebohangE.Koloti,NonjabuloP.Gule,OmotayoA.Arotiba, andSorayaP.Malinga Contents ix 18 SynthesisandCharacterizationofaNovelBioNanospongeFilter (pMWCNT-CD/TiO -Ag)asPotentialAdsorbentforWater 2 Purification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 AnnyLeudjoTaka,KriveshiniPillay,andXavierYangkouMbianda 19 NovelApproachestoEnvironmentalMonitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 PatriciaB.C.Forbes 20 EndosymbioticBacteriaIsolatedfromAlgoaandKalkBay, SouthAfrica,asSourceofAntimicrobialCompounds. . . . . . . . . . 355 J.K.Mhlongo,D.R.Beukes,andM.Trindade 21 Pd-MCM-41andNi–Boride–SilicaCatalystSynthesis, CharacterizationandItsApplicationforReductionofSubstituted Aromatics:AnEnvironmentallyBenevolentApproach. . . . . . . . . 365 AteeqRahman,DanielLikius,andVeikkoUahengo 22 AntidiabeticPotentialofErythrinaabyssinicaviaProteinTyrosine Phosphate1BInhibitoryActivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 DerekTantohNdinteh 23 2-Amino-5-Bromo-3-Iodoacetophenoneand2-Amino-5-Bromo-3- IodobenzamideasSynthonsforNovelPolycarbo-SubstitutedIndoles andTheirAnnulatedDerivatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 MmakwenaM.MmonwaandMaloseJ.Mphahlele 24 ProcessabilityIssueinInvertedOrganicSolarCells. . . . . . . . . . . . 405 F.J.LimandA.Krishnamoorthy Chapter 1 Modulation of the Pancreatic Hormone, Glucagon by the Gut Peptide, GLP-1: Controversies, Challenges and Future Directions SamStephenandReshmaRamracheya Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease characterised by a combi- nation of insufficient insulin release and an excess of glucagon secretion. Thegut hormoneglucagon-likepeptide-1(GLP-1)isasuccessfultherapyforthetreatment of diabetes as it can both potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as inhibit glucagon secretion from the pancreatic alpha cells. Another major gut hormone called peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) has recently been reported to restore impaired insulin and glucagon secretion in islets from severely diabetic ratsandhumans.WhilstthemechanismbywhichbothPYYandGLP-1normalise insulinsecretioniswellcharacterised,todatetheregulationofglucagonreleaseby thetwoguthormonesremainsunclear.GiventhattheGLP-1receptorisexpressed atextremelylowlevelsonalpha-cells,ithasbeenarguedthattheeffectsofGLP-1 may be mediated by paracrine (indirect) mechanisms. In contrast, there is also evidence that GLP-1 directly regulates glucagon secretion in isolated alpha-cells, excluding the possibility of islet cross-talk. Likewise, no receptors for PYY have been demonstrated in the alpha-cells that can explain the robust effects of the hormone on glucagon release. Elucidation of the mechanism of GLP-1 (and PYY)actiononalphacellsnecessitatesfurtherwork.Specificallyitwillbeimpor- tant to determine if GLP-1 can mediate its effects via another receptor on alpha- cells. 1.1 Introduction The classical definition of T2D is an inadequate beta-cell response to increased insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. However, accumulating evidence demon- stratesthatglucagonsecretionfromthealpha-cellsisalsoimpairedinpatientswith S.Stephen•R.Ramracheya(*) OxfordCentreforDiabetes,EndocrinologyandMetabolism,RadcliffeDepartment ofMedicine,UniversityofOxford,OxfordOX37LJ,UK e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 1 P.Ramasamietal.(eds.),EmergingTrendsinChemicalSciences, DOI10.1007/978-3-319-60408-4_1
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