Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance. Volume 2: A Sustainable Approach PDF
Preview Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance. Volume 2: A Sustainable Approach
Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance A Sustainable Approach Volume 2 Edited by Parvaiz Ahmad Saiema Rasool AMSTERDAM(cid:129)BOSTON(cid:129)HEIDELBERG(cid:129)LONDON NEWYORK(cid:129)OXFORD(cid:129)PARIS(cid:129)SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO(cid:129)SINGAPORE(cid:129)SYDNEY(cid:129)TOKYO AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA Copyrightr2014ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithout thepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights, DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(144)(0)1865843830;fax(144)(0)1865853333; email:[email protected],visittheScienceandTechnologyBooks websiteatwww.elsevierdirect.com/rightsforfurtherinformation. Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersons,or propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor,operation ofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.Becauseofrapid advancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationofdiagnosesanddrug dosagesshouldbemade. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-800875-1 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatelsevierdirect.com PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication This book is dedicatedto Hakim AbdulHameed (1908(cid:1)1999) Founder ofJamiaHamdard (HamdardUniversity) New Delhi, India Preface Before the onset of agriculture, Man was a forager. Man used wild animals and plants to aid survival. This was the only issue to satisfy his hunger. Some 10,000 years ago, Man started to live in groups around the world, beginning to gather and cultivate cereals, along with domesticated animals for meat, milk, skin, etc. From that period, agriculture became the most important part of life. The changes from a nomadic to very settled way of life form started due to early agricultural practices. Now you can see how much development has taken place in agriculture. We have every possible type of machinery, a multitude of technologies, and the latest methods to produce moreand more food. But no matter how developed we are, there are still people suffering from malnutrition in devel- oping and underdeveloped countries. Soil, from which we cultivate our food, is decreasing in size as well as in fertility, all because of environmental fluctuations. Biotic and abiotic stresses are increasing to an alarming rate, thus affecting the soil fertility, turning once-cultivable land into uncultivated. The environmental stresses also affect plant growth and development and ultimately leadto decreases incrop yields worldwide. Another problem to tackle in this modern developed world is population growth. The human race is increasing at such a pace that in coming years, the population on this planet will be too big to satisfy its hunger. In an attempt tocombat this grave situation, scientists around the globe started a mission to develop plants that can give higher yields and can also grow on the marginal lands. These scientists have developed the latest technologies and methods to fight back against these stresses that affect the yield. The latest techniques will help us understand the molecular, physio- logical,and biochemical pathways that can be manipulatedtomeetouragricultural needs. In this regard we have compiled a two-volume work from different scientists around the world to give insights into this new breed of technology. Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance: Volume II Sustainable Agriculture throws light on the different recent tech- nologies used for the development of crop yield under a multitude of environmental stresses and other recent methods to be used for this purpose. This volume comprises 21 chapters and a brief outline ofeach chapter is given below. Chapter1isregardingtheimprovementoflegumecropproduction underenvironmentalstresses throughbiotechnologicalintervention.Heretheauthordiscussesthemajorstressesaffectinglegume crop production and biotechnological interventions to resist biotic and abiotic stress in legumes. Chapter 2 discusses abiotic stress tolerance in plants, looking at the insights that have come from proteomics. The topics such as plant responses to abiotic stresses and proetomic analysis of plant responses toabioticstresses is well explainedby the authors. Chapters 3(cid:1)8 deal with different endophytic microbes, plant growth-promoting bacteria and mycorrhiza in alleviating the abiotic stress in plants. The role of antimycorrhizal fungi in phytore- mediation of heavy metals is also discussed. The biological control of fungal disease by rhizobac- teria under saline soil conditions is also well explained. Chapter 9 deals with prevention of potential diseases of crop plants under the impact of chang- ing environment. Here the authors have discussed major crops and techniques involved in the xvii xviii Preface preventionofhazardous stress tocrops.Chapter10discussesplant responsestometalstress,inpar- ticular the emerging role of plant growth hormones (auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins) in toxicity alleviation. Chapter 11 deals with reactive nitrogen species and role of nitrous oxide in mitigating the effect of abiotic stress. Chapter 12 explains the role of tocopherol (vitamin E) in plants in abi- otic stress tolerance and beyond. The chemistry and types of tocopherol, tocopherol biosynthesis and accumulationinplants is also explained. Chapter 13 throws light on land and water management strategies for the improvement of crop production. Here, the authors explain strategies for the improvement of crop production in water- deficient and water-logging agroecosystems. Chapter 14 discusses integrating physiological and genetic approaches for improving drought tolerance in crops. Here in this chapter, authors have explained drought stress in changing environments and the response to water deficits, evaluation methodologies forscreeninggenotypesunder droughtstressandkeyphysiologicalattributesfortar- geted breeding programs. Chapter 15 deals with the use of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics analy- sis to study the performance of photosynthetic machinery in plants. Here the authors discuss chlorophyll fluorescence and the heterogeneity of PSII, the analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, and give examplesof successfulapplicationsof chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Chapters 16 and 17 are about osmotic and ionic stress induced by abiotic stress in plants. The role of different inorganic and organic osmolytes in mitigation of abiotic stress is also discussed. Chapter 18 deals with emerging role of aquaporins in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Thestructureandwaterconductingpropertiesofaquaporins,andtheirplace inplant-waterrelations is also discussed very well. Chapter 19 explains the prospects of field crops being used for phytoremediation of contami- nants.Heretheauthorshave discussed contaminantsinsoil,waterandplants,andpotentialforphy- toremediation. Chapter 20 deals with sustainable soil management in olive orchards, in particular the effects on telluric microorganisms. Finally, Chapter 21 throws lighton vulnerability of Tunisian agricultureto the changing climate. This volume is the compilation of different perspectives from around the globe that directly or indirectly lead us to understand the mechanism of plant stress tolerance and mitigation of these dangerous stresses through sustainable methods. This volume will be beneficial for students, tea- chersof colleges anduniversities, environmentalists andalso for thoseworking inagro-industries. We have left no stone unturned in giving the final shape to this volume. However, we feel that there might be room for improvement, and in this regard we seek indulgence and feedback from the readers sothat we can keep their comments inmind for coming volumes. We are very much thankful to our contributors who have devoted their valuable time in prepar- ing their chapters and bearing the editors’ corrections and suggestions as well. We owe our grati- tude to Nancy Maragioglio (Acquisitions Editor, Elsevier), Carrie Bolger (Editorial Project Manager, Life Sciences, Elsevier), Melissa Read (Freelance Project Manager, Elsevier) and all the otherstaff members ofElsevier,who weredirectly orindirectlyassociated with the project for their constant help, valuablesuggestions andtimelypublication ofthis volume. ParvaizAhmad Saiema Rasool Acknowledgments We acknowledge all the contributors of this volume for their valuable contributions. Parvaiz Ahmad also acknowledges the Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Indiafor their support. xix About the Editors Dr. Parvaiz Ahmad is Senior Assistant Professor in the Department of Botany at Sri Pratap College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has completed his postgraduated study in Botany in 2000 at Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. After receiving a Doctorate degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India, he joined the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, in 2007. His main researchareaisStressPhysiologyandMolecularBiology.Hehaspublished more than 35 research papers in peer-reviewed journals and 29 book chap- ters. He is also an editor of 12 volumes (1 with Studium Press Pvt. India Ltd., New Delhi, India, 8 with Springer USA and 3 with Elsevier USA). He is a recipient of the Junior Research Fellowship and Senior Research Fellowship by CSIR, New Delhi, India. Dr. Ahmad has been awarded the Young Scientist Award undertheFastTrackschemein2007bytheDepartmentofScienceandTechnology,Governmentof India. Dr. Ahmad is actively engaged in studying the molecular and physio-biochemical responses ofdifferentagriculturalandhorticulturalplantsunderenvironmentalstress. Dr. Saiema Rasool is currently teaching plant science in the Education department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir India. Dr. Rasool com- pleted her Masters in Botany at Jamia Hamdard New Delhi, India in 2007, specializing in plant stress physiology. She has eight research publications to her credit, published in various international and national journals of repute. She has also published 7 book chapters in international published volumes from publishers such as Springer, Elsevier and Wiley. At present, her research interests are mainly focused on the development of abiotic stress tolerant plants and the physiological and biochemical responses of crop plants toa range ofbiotic and abioticstresses. xxi List of Contributors ElsayedFathiAbd-Allah Plant Production Department, College ofFood and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia FakihaAfzal Atta-ur-Rahman School ofApplied Biosciences,NationalUniversity ofSciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Mohammad Abass Ahanger School ofStudies inBotany,JiwajiUniversity,GwaliorMP India ParvaizAhmad Department of Botany,S.P.College, Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir,India SaniaAhmed Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University,Rawalpindi, Pakistan Ahmad Ali Center for Plant Sciencesand Biodiversity,University of Swat, KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Pakistan Zeshan Ali Ecotoxicology Research Institute,NationalAgricultural Research Centre,Islamabad,Pakistan PatrickAudet Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forestry Service,Natural Resources Canada,Edmonton, Canada RenuBhardwaj Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab,India MarianBrestic Department of Plant Physiology,Facultyof Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak Agricultural University,Nitra,Slovak Republic Teresa Casacchia Freelance Nutritionist, Presidente Associazione,Nutrizione Umana,Cosenza, Italy Magdalena D. Cetner Department of Plant Physiology,Facultyof Agricultureand Biology,WarsawUniversity ofLife Sciences, Warsaw,Poland Devendra Kumar Chauhan Department of Botany,University of Allahabad,Allahabad,India Devendra Kumar Choudhary Department of Science,Faculty ofArts,Science and Commerce,Mody University of Science and Technology,Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India xxiii xxiv List of Contributors Piotr Da˛browski Department ofEnvironmentalImprovement, WarsawUniversity ofLife Sciences, Warsaw,Poland Murat Dikilitas Department ofPlant Protection, Faculty ofAgriculture, Harran University,S.Urfa,Turkey DilfuzaEgamberdieva Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Vilim Filipovic University of Zagreb, FacultyofAgriculture, Zagreb, Croatia Masayuki Fujita Laboratory ofPlant StressResponses, Department ofApplied BiologicalScience, Faculty of Agriculture, KagawaUniversity,Kita-gun, Kagawa Savita Gangwar Department ofPlant Science,MJP Rohilkhand University,Uttar Pradesh, India VasilijGoltsev Department ofBiophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty ofBiology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia,Bulgaria Olga M.Grant UCD Forestry,School ofAgriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Mohamed Hachicha NationalInstituteon Rural Engineering Waterand Forest, Tunis, Tunisia Neha Handa Department ofBotanicaland Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India Mirza Hasanuzzaman Department ofAgronomy, Faculty ofAgriculture, Sher-e-BanglaAgricultural University, Dhaka,Bangladesh Abeer Hashem Botany and Microbiology Department, College ofScience,King Saud University,Riyadh, SaudiaArabia J.F. Hausman Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, Centrede Recherche Public, Belvaux, Luxembourg Memoona Ilyas Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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