Emerging Nanotechnologies for Water Treatment-Royal Society of Chemistry

559 Pages·2022·15.004 MB·English

by  Liu Y., Wang C.-C., Liu W. (ed.)

Emerging Nanotechnologies for Water Treatment
Chemistry in the Environment Series
Editor-in-chief:
Dionysios D. Dionysiou, University of Cincinnati, USA
Series editors:
Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Triantafyllos Kaloudis, Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company
(EYDAP S.A.), Greece
Rafael Luque, University of Cordoba, Spain
Titles in the series:
1:Graphene-based3DMacrostructuresforCleanEnergyandEnvironmental
Applications
2: Metallurgical Slags: Environmental Geochemistry and Resource Potential
3: Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation
4: Emerging Nanotechnologies for Water Treatment
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Visit our website at www.rsc.org/books
Emerging Nanotechnologies
for Water Treatment
Edited by
Yanbiao Liu
Donghua University, China
Email: [email protected]
Chong-Chen Wang
Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Email: [email protected]
and
Wen Liu
Peking University, China
Email: [email protected]
ChemistryintheEnvironmentSeriesNo.4
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Preface
In Chinese idioms, the supreme good is like water. Water (H O) is a very
2
fantastic substance for us. For a long period of time, humans have been
consideringhowtoimprovethewaterenvironmentsofourplanet.Wethree
got acquainted because of water. The area we work in is environmental
engineeringforwatertreatment.Purificationofcontaminatedwaterisaway
to maximize its value. For example, good water can produce good wine. We
have devoted all our lives to such a great cause.
In the 1950s, Richard Phillips Feynman’s great speech ‘‘There’s Plenty of
Room at the Bottom’’ opened a precedent for nanotechnology. In my (Wen
Liu)classof‘‘EnvironmentalNanotechnology’’,IalwaystellFeynman’sstory
to the students. They are guided to explore the essence of the micro- and
nano-world, and meanwhile, to appreciate the romance of a scientist’s life.
Actually, literature, art and science are inherently interrelated. It is so
excitingthattechnologyiswhereitistoday,sowecanlearnmoreaboutthe
‘‘bottom’’.WearedelightedthatwecanprovideEmergingNanotechnologies
for Water Treatment for you all.
A link is needed to connect the macro-scale water world and micro-scale
nanoworld.Ametaphorforthislinkcouldbeseeninthe‘‘knot’’mentioned
in Makoto Shinkai’s animated movie, Your Name. Today, we happily find
that nanomaterials act as knots in this way. It’s our great pleasure to show
you this connection caused by nanotechnology. Since we share a common
enthusiasm in this topic, we got together to prepare this book. There is an
old saying that the friendship between gentlemen is as pale as water, while
we believe it is thicker than water. We also offer our acknowledgement to
Dionysios D. Dionysiou, who is the Editor-in-chief of this series of Royal
Society ofChemistry books, andwhosenameissimilartothat ofDionysus,
the ancient Greek god associated with wine.
ChemistryintheEnvironmentSeriesNo.4
EmergingNanotechnologiesforWaterTreatment
EditedbyYanbiaoLiu,Chong-ChenWangandWenLiu
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2022
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
v
vi Preface
In the future, we will continue to be proud of water and nanotechnology.
Contaminated water treated using nanotechnology is the ultimate goal
pursued by us, and thus the water quality is significantly upgraded.
Yanbiao Liu, Donghua University, China
Chong-Chen Wang, Beijing University of
Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Wen Liu, Peking University, China
Contents
Chapter 1 Functionalized Metal Nanoclusters for Biosensing
Applications 1
KomalKumari,DebkumarBera,VinayKumar,SurajitRakshit
and Nirmal Goswami
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 MNC-based Optical Biosensors 3
1.2.1 Detection of Small Biomolecules 3
1.2.2 Detection of Proteins and Enzymes 5
1.2.3 Detection of Oligonucleotides 7
1.2.4 Detection of Diseases 8
1.2.5 Labeling and Imaging 10
1.2.6 Detection of Bacteria 13
1.3 MNC-based Electrochemical Biosensors 16
1.3.1 Detection of Small Biomolecules 17
1.3.2 Detection of Proteins and Enzymes 19
1.3.3 Detection of Oligonucleotides 21
1.4 Conclusions 23
Acknowledgements 23
References 24
Chapter 2 Label-free Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for
Water Pollutant Analysis 30
Haoran Wei and Seo Won Cho
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Principles of SERS 33
ChemistryintheEnvironmentSeriesNo.4
EmergingNanotechnologiesforWaterTreatment
EditedbyYanbiaoLiu,Chong-ChenWangandWenLiu
rTheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2022
PublishedbytheRoyalSocietyofChemistry,www.rsc.org
vii
viii Contents
2.3 Labeled and Label-free SERS 34
2.4 SERS Substrates 35
2.5 Label-freeSERSDetectionofOrganicMicropollutants 38
2.5.1 Drugs 38
2.5.2 Pesticides 39
2.5.3 Explosives 39
2.5.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 40
2.6 Label-free SERS Detection of Biotoxins 41
2.7 Label-free SERS Detection of Waterborne
Pathogens 42
2.7.1 Bacteria 42
2.7.2 Viruses 43
2.8 Conclusion and Perspectives 44
Acknowledgements 44
References 45
Chapter 3 Merging of MOFs and Graphene Analogous: Strategies for
Enhanced Sensing Properties 48
Kuan Cheng, Ze Lin, Fengting Li and Ying Wang
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Preparation and Properties of MOF–GA Materials 51
3.2.1 Preparation of MOF–GA Composites 52
3.2.2 Preparation of MOF–GA Derivatives 55
3.2.3 Enhanced Properties of MOF–GA Materials 62
3.3 Sensing of Environmental Contaminants 62
3.3.1 Detecting Gaseous Contaminants 63
3.3.2 Detecting Organic Contaminants 66
3.3.3 Detecting Inorganic Ion Contaminants 67
3.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 69
Acknowledgements 70
References 70
Chapter 4 Nano Meets Membrane: Toward Enhancing the
Performance of Water Treatment 74
Qin Li and Jiansheng Li
4.1 Introduction 74
4.2 NM-enhanced UF Performance 76
4.2.1 Binding NMs Upon Membrane Surfaces 76
4.2.2 Blending NMs with the Membrane Matrix 80
4.2.3 In Situ Generation of NMs 84
Contents ix
4.3 NM-assisted Dual-functional Membranes 89
4.3.1 Adsorptive Membranes 89
4.3.2 Catalytic Membranes 95
4.4 Marriage Between NMs and NF/RO Membranes 97
4.4.1 In NF Membranes 97
4.4.2 In RO Membranes 99
4.5 NM-supported Non-pressure-driven Membrane
Processes 104
4.5.1 NM-supported Membrane Distillation (MD) 104
4.5.2 NM-supported Pervaporation (PV) 107
4.5.3 NM-supported Forward Osmosis (FO) 108
4.6 Summary 110
Abbreviations 110
Acknowledgements 112
References 112
Chapter 5 Tuning Iron Oxide-based Nanomaterials as Next
Generation Adsorbents for Environmental Applications 117
Juan Chang, Erbing Wang, Trey Oldham, Wenlu Li and
John Fortner
5.1 Introduction 117
5.2 Synthesis Methodologies 118
5.2.1 Synthesis Methods for Iron Oxide
Nanoparticles 119
5.2.2 One-dimensional Iron Oxide
Nanocomposites 123
5.2.3 Two-dimensional Iron Oxide
Nanocomposites 124
5.2.4 Three-dimensional Iron Oxide
Nanocomposites 125
5.3 Surface Modification 126
5.3.1 Organic Surface Coatings 127
5.3.2 Inorganic Coatings 129
5.4 Sorption of Metals/Metalloids 131
5.4.1 Arsenic 131
5.4.2 Chromium 132
5.4.3 Uranium 132
5.4.4 Rare Earth Elements 134
5.4.5 Removal of Multi-contaminants 134
5.5 Conclusion 135
Acknowledgements 136
References 136