Emerging infections. / 7

407 Pages·2007·5.693 MB·English

by  W Michael Scheld, David C Hooper, James M Hughes

EMERGING
INFECTIONS
7
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EMERGING
INFECTIONS
7
Edited by
W. Michael Scheld
Division of Infectious Diseases
and International Health
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia
David C. Hooper
Division of Infectious Diseases
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
James M. Hughes
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Washington, D.C.
Address editorial correspondence to ASM Press, 1752 N Street NW, Washington,
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Copyright ©2007 ASM Press
American Society for Microbiology
1752 N Street NW
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ISBN-10 1-55581-377-1
ISBN-13 978-1-55581-377-2
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Cover photo:Electron micrograph of filamentous influenza A (H5N1) virions
forming at the surface of an infected MDCK cell. (Source: C. S. Goldsmith and
R. Bright. Courtesy of Sherif R. Zaki, National Center for Infectious Diseases,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)
In memory of J.-W. Lee, director-general of the World Health Organization
from 2003 to 2006, for his outstanding leadership in increasing global
preparedness to detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases
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CONTENTS
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
1. Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus • Justin R. Ortiz and
Timothy M. Uyeki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) • J. S. M. Peiris,
Y. Guan, L. L. M. Poon, V. C. C. Cheng, J. M. Nicholls, and K. Y. Yuen . . . . . . . .23
3. Human Metapneumovirus • Bernadette G. van den Hoogen,
Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, and Ron A. M. Fouchier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
4. Changing Patterns of Respiratory Viral Infections in Transplant Recipients
• Michael G. Ison and Jay A. Fishman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
5. Monkeypox Virus: Insights on Its Emergence in Human Populations
• Inger Damon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
6. West Nile Virus • Lyle R. Petersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
7. Chandipura Encephalitis: a Newly Recognized Disease of Public Health
Importance in India • Akhilesh Chandra Mishra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
8. Emergence of Novel Retroviruses • Nathan D. Wolfe,
William M. Switzer, and Walid Heneine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
9. Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• Susan E. Crawford, Susan Boyle-Vavra, and Robert S. Daum . . . . . . . . .153
10. Carbapenem Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Other Members
of the Family Enterobacteriaceae • Simona Bratu
and John Quale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
11. The Emerging Role of Klebsiellae in Liver Abscess • Joseph Rahimian
and Jin-Town Wang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
12. Conjugate Vaccines as Probes To Define the Burden of Pneumococcal and
Haemophilus influenzaeType b Pneumonia as Well as the Role of
Viruses in the Pathogenesis of Pneumonia • Keith P. Klugman
and Shabir A. Madhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
vii
viii Contents
13. Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease
• Saleh A. Naser and Najih A. Naser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
14. Zygomycosis • Corina E. Gonzalez, Charalampos Antachopoulos,
Shmuel Shoham, and Thomas J. Walsh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247
15. Emerging Food- and Waterborne Protozoan Diseases • Michael J.
Arrowood, Ynes R. Ortega, Lihua X. Xiao, and Ronald Fayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283
16. Multidrug-ResistantAcinetobacterInfections in U.S. Military Personnel,
2003 to 2005 • Kepler A. Davis and Kimberly A. Moran . . . . . . . . . . .309
17. Leishmaniasis in American Soldiers: Parasites from the Front •
Naomi E. Aronson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325
18. Smallpox Vaccination: a Review of Adverse Events for Contemporary
Health Care Providers • Vincent A. Fulginiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367
CONTRIBUTORS
Charalampos Antachopoulos • Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Naomi E. Aronson • Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Divi-
sion, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
20814
Michael J. Arrowood • Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infec-
tious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
Susan Boyle-Vavra • Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of
Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, MC 6054, Chicago, Illinois 60637
Simona Bratu • Division of Infectious Diseases, SUNY Downstate Medical
Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203
V. C. C. Cheng • Department of Microbiology, University Pathology Building,
Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
Susan E. Crawford • Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of
Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, MC 6054, Chicago, Illinois 60637
Inger Damon • Poxvirus Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4018
Robert S. Daum • Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of
Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, MC 6054, Chicago, Illinois 60637
Kepler A. Davis • Infectious Disease Service, D. D. Eisenhower Army Medical
Center, 300 Hospital Rd., Fort Gordon, Georgia 30905
Ronald Fayer • Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, Animal and Natural
Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Jay A. Fishman • Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Pro-
gram, Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Med-
ical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
Ron A. M. Fouchier • Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Center,
Dr.Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Vincent A. Fulginiti • University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver,
Colorado, and University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Corina E. Gonzalez • Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematol-
ogy-Oncology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007
ix