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Syed Ibrahim Rizvi Editor Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies Syed Ibrahim Rizvi Editor Emerging Anti-Aging Strategies Editor SyedIbrahimRizvi DepartmentofBiochemistry UniversityofAllahabad Allahabad,UttarPradesh,India ISBN978-981-19-7442-7 ISBN978-981-19-7443-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7443-4 #TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword Populationagingisoneofthemainglobalchallengesforsustainabledevelopment. Theresultsoffundamentalresearchofthelastdecadeinthefieldofbiogerontology haveledtotheunderstandingthattherateofagingcanbemodifiedbyinfluencing the basic processes associated with aging, using pharmacological, nonpharmacological, genetic, and gene-therapy interventions, as well as regenera- tive technologies, with the achievement of a healthier and longer life. There are prerequisites for reducing the burden of both age-associated diseases and geriatric syndromes,primarilyfrailtysyndrome.Managingtheagingprocessescanpreventor atleastslowdowntheonsetandprogressionoftheseconditions. This multifaceted book provides an overview of the entire arsenal of modern antiagingtechnologies. GerontologicalSocietyofRAS AlexeyMoskalev Syktyvkar,Russia LaboratoryofGeroprotectiveand RadioprotectiveTechnologies, InstituteofBiology, KomiScienceCenterofRAS Syktyvkar,Russia vv Preface Ashumankindacquiredintelligenceduringtheevolutionaryprocess,itsfirstscien- tific pursuit involved finding ways to live longer. History is replete with human endeavor of devising ways for a longer lifespan. The ancient Indian text Rigveda (>1000 BC) mentions a drink “amrita” that can bestow immortality. Modern science however had little understanding of the mechanism(s) of aging until the 1950s,whichisevidentfromthelectureofSirPeterMedavardeliveredatUniversity CollegeLondonin1951,entitled“AnUnsolvedProbleminBiology.” Thelastfewdecadeshavewitnessedtremendousadvancesintheunderstanding of molecular events which underline the process of aging. It is therefore a big achievement of science that we now have a clear understanding of the hallmarks ofaging.Thisunderstandinghasprovidedbiogerontologistswithputative“targets” whichcanbeexploitedforpossibleantiagingstrategies. The dust is now almost settling on the debate whether human lifespan can be increased.Itisbeingacknowledgedthathumanshavealreadyachievedthehighest limit of their lifespan. In this backdrop, antiaging strategies are thus limited to finding ways to increase the healthy lifespan. The major impediment in devising anantiagingstrategyisduetothefactthattheagingprocessishighlyheterochronic. Despitethecomplexitiesoftheagingprocess,newscientificevidenceemerging withextensiveresearchcontinuestopresentinterestingtargetsfordevisingantiaging strategies.Thepresentbookisanattempttoprovideacompactsourceofemerging antiagingstrategieswhichofferhopeforalongerhealthspan. Recentevidenceprovidesastrongsupporttotheconceptofcalorierestrictionasa mechanismtoderiveanantiagingeffect.Chapters4and10provideanupdateonour current understanding of the effect of CR on aging. The role of nutritional supplements, for example coenzyme Q, curcumin, and spermidine, has been discussedinChaps.2,8,and11. Circadian rhythm is being intensively investigated in relation to factors which play a role in aging. The role of melatonin in the aging process and associated disordersisdiscussedinChap.9.Metformin,thecommonantidiabeticdrug,isbeing extensivelyinvestigatedforitspossibleantiagingeffects;Chap.6detailsthecurrent statusofresearchonmetforminwithrespecttoskinaging.Autophagyinductionand sirtuin activation are again promising areas which are being actively investigated (Chaps.3and14). vii viii Preface An interesting Chap. 16 is on the cognitive and emotional aspects of aging. Frequently, research on rodent model of aging is used to derive conclusions for humans.Itthusbecomesimportanttounderstandtheage-adjustmentswithrespectto rodentswhenthesameareappliedtohumans(Chap.18). Research on antiaging may sound so exciting to humans but tinkering into nature’sdesignmaythrowupunknownconsequences.Withmanynewtechnologies finding their way into the human lexicon, there is a need to debate on the ethical issues involved. Chapter 15 is an interesting update on the conceptual and ethical aspects. I would like to thank all the contributors who provided me with their excellent chaptersmakingpossiblethecompilationofthisbook. Allahabad,UttarPradesh,India SyedIbrahimRizvi Contents 1 GeneticsandEpigeneticsofAgingandAge-AssociatedDiseases. .. 1 AnamNaseerandAamirNazir 2 CoenzymeQasanAntiagingStrategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 GuillermoLópez-Lluch 3 AutophagyasaPromisingTherapeuticTargetinAge-Associated NeurodegenerativeDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 IipshaBhaduri,AnchalTrisal,andAbhishekKumarSingh 4 GlycolyticInhibitorsasCaloricRestrictionMimetics(CRM). . . . . 57 AkankshaSingh,RaushanKumar,JitendraKumarArya, andSyedIbrahimRizvi 5 Anti-agingandRejuvenationBasedonStemCellTherapy. . . . . . . 79 MarioF.Muñoz,FrancescoMarotta,AmirMoghadamAhmadi, AzamYazdani,FangHe,RobertoCatanzaro, CristinaGarzón-Rodriguez,andAntonioAyala 6 NovelStrategiesforMetforminasanAnti-agingDruginSkin Aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 GonulKanigur-SultuybekandTugbaSoydas 7 Anti-inflammatory-DependentAnti-agingStrategies. . . . . . . . . . . . 117 SeymaDumurandHafizeUzun 8 Spermidine,anAutophagyInducer,asaTherapeuticAntiaging Strategy. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 135 MadhavanNampoothiri,KiranKumarKolathur,RunaliSankhe, andSairajSatarker 9 MelatonininAgingandAging-RelatedDisorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 SibelSuzen 10 IntermittentFastingasanAnti-AgingStrategy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 SukanyaBhoumik,ArunKumarYadawa,ParishaSrivastava, andSyedIbrahimRizvi iixx x Contents 11 TheRoleofCurcuminasanAnti-AgingCompound. . . . . . . . . . . . 207 ChenmalaKarthika,RokeyaAkter,Md.HabiburRahman, MehrukhZehravi,SarkerRamproshad,BananiMondal, andSheroukHosseinSweilam 12 TheRoleofTelomeraseActivatorsinAntiagingStrategies andtheirClinicalPotential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 YaseminAydinandBanuOrta-Yilmaz 13 ClinicalLaboratoriesandTheirRoleinAnti-AgingStrategies. . . . 243 MustafaErinçSitar 14 AntiagingStrategiesBasedonSirtuinActivation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 GeetikaGargandSandeepSingh 15 AVaccineforthePandemicofAging?ConceptualandEthical Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 ChristopherSimonWarehamandPabloGarcia-Barranquero 16 CognitiveandEmotionalAgingAcrosstheLifeSpan:Implications forBuildingtheCognitiveReserveandResilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 SanchitaMohindru,RichaNigam,andBhoomikaR.Kar 17 TissueReconstructiveandRegenerativeMedicineApproach asanAnti-AgingIntervention:RelevancetoAge-Induced Osteoarthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 ParichitaMishraandBhishamNarayanSingh 18 Age-AdjustmentExpertiseinRatModelsofHumanDiseases. . . . . 331 MehmetCanAtayikandUfukÇakatay Editors and Contributors About the Editor Syed Ibrahim Rizvi is Professor of Biochemistry and Dean of Research and Development at the University of Allahabad, India. He is a Visiting Professor to Ohio State University, University of Rome, University of Milan, University of Athens, University of Nice, University of Szeged, University of Pisa, Karolinska Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Istanbul University, and Bangladesh Insti- tuteofHealthSciences.Hehasalsobeenaninvitedspeakertomajorconferencesin the USA, Russia, Hungary, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, Bangladesh, and Thailand.ProfRizvihasdoneseminalresearchworkintheareaofmechanism(s)of aging, antiaging interventions and lifespan. He has published extensively in high- impact factor journals. To date Prof Rizvi has published more than 200 research papers. He is on the editorial board of the prestigious Springer journal Biogerontology. Prof Rizvi has been a recipient of grants from the International Cell Research Organization, Federation of European Biochemical Societies, Euro- peanMolecularBiologyOrganization,OrganizationforthePreventionofChemical Weapons, International Foundation for Science, Department of Biotechnology (Govt.ofIndia),andDepartmentofScienceandTechnology(Govt.ofIndia).Prof RizvihasbeenconferredwiththeAcademicExcellenceAwardoftheUniversityof Allahabad in 2016. He has edited a book on Anti-Aging Interventions in 2018 publishedbySpringerNature.ProfRizvihasalsowrittenalargenumberofpopular sciencearticleswhichhavebeenpublishedinnationalnewspapers.Heisamember of Indian Gerontological Society, Society of Biological Chemists, National Acad- emyofSciencesIndia,andAsianNetworkforResearchonAntidiabeticPlants. Contributors Amir Moghadam Ahmadi Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA,USA RokeyaAkter DepartmentofPharmacy,JagannathUniversity,Sadarghat,Dhaka, Bangladesh xxii