Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals PDF
Preview Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals
Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi G. Sybren de Hoog Jacques Guillot Paul E. Verweij Editors Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals (cid:129) Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi (cid:129) G. Sybren de Hoog (cid:129) Jacques Guillot Paul E. Verweij Editors Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals Editors SeyedmojtabaSeyedmousavi G.SybrendeHoog LaboratoryofClinicalImmunology CenterofExpertiseinMycology andMicrobiology(LCIM) RadboudUMC/CWZ NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectious Nijmegen,TheNetherlands Diseases(NIAID) WesterdijkFungalBiodiversityInstitute NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH) Utrecht,TheNetherlands Bethesda,MD USA JacquesGuillot PaulE.Verweij DepartmentofParasitology,Mycology DepartmentofMedicalMicrobiology andDermatology RadboudUniversityMedicalCenter EnvA,Ecolenationalevétérinaire Nijmegen,TheNetherlands d’Alfort,UPEC CenterofExpertiseinMycology Maisons-Alfort,France RadboudUMC/CWZ DynamycResearchGroup Nijmegen,TheNetherlands EnvA,Ecolenationalevétérinaire d’Alfort,UPEC Maisons-Alfort,France ISBN978-3-319-72091-3 ISBN978-3-319-72093-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72093-7 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018937102 #SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Foreword Four internationally renowned experts in fungal pathogens have edited this com- mendable multi-authored book on fungal infections in animals and emerging zoopathogenic fungi. The seriousness of fungal diseases in humans has long been underestimatedcomparedtoviralandbacterialdiseasesforvariousreasons,butthe fungaldiseasesinanimalshavebeenneglectedevenmoredespiterecentwarningon how fungal diseases can wreak havoc on certain animals such as amphibians worldwide. It is a timely publication providing an in-depth discernment on epidemicsandemergingfungaldiseasesindomesticaswellasvariouswildanimals. Thefirstcomprehensivebookonfungaldiseasesinanimalswaspublishedin1955 by G.C. Ainsworth and P.K.C. Austwick. A couple more have followed but this book is long overdue in order to bring the subject up to date in this ever changing environment. This book is organized in four parts consisting of 16 chapters: Part I has two chapters. The first chapter provides basic information on categories of pathogenic speciesandspeciesthatcauseepidemicsintheKingdomFungi.Thesecondchapter details epidemiological definitions, terminology and classifications of fungal infections in animal. Part II describes seven mycoses and the etiologic agents that cause infections both in man and animals. Part II starts with dermatophytoses, a superficialfungaldiseaseandsixsystemicinfectionsallcausedbyfungibelonging to Ascomycota. Part III contains six chapters that focus on the emerging animal diseasesalthoughsomeofthemsuchassporotrichosis,cryptococcosisandaspergil- losis are also important diseases in man. Part III is particularly important since it contains diseases of lower animals such as chytridiomycosis in amphibians caused byBatrachochytriumspp.andotherimportantfungaldiseasesthatcancauseserious damage to the ecosystem. Part IV contains a single chapter describing antifungal therapy for animal mycoses and how resistance to antifungal drugs has been emerging. It is noteworthy that many chapters in the book present very useful simple diagrams that chronologically depict the milestone discoveries in the progress of ourunderstandingofthediseasesandtheiretiologicagents. I believe this book addresses a wide range of audiences beyond pathogenic mycologists, veterinary mycologists, infectious disease specialists and v vi Foreword epidemiologists. I hope this book will also be received with enthusiasm by those whocareaboutanimalwelfareandthehealthofourecosystem. MolecularMicrobiologySection KyungJ.Kwon-Chung LaboratoryofClinicalInfectiousDiseases NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseases Bethesda,MD USA Preface WeusuallythinkthatrainycitieslikeAmsterdamdonotprovideoptimalconditions for exotic animals. However, the trees in the centre are littered with flocks of loud green parrots, and in a bistro at the central station a giant cockatoo walks around freely. In March 2015, we (Amir, Sybren, Jacques) drank a good Dutch beer and apparently got inspired by this unexpected “wildlife”. We noticed that there is not muchrecentliteratureonfungalinfectionsinanimals,andaftersomemorebeerswe thoughtthatanoverviewofemergingandepizooticinfectionsmightbeappreciated. Paul joined us as a co-editor a few months later and a long process of writing and editing started, and soon we were happy to be supported by an excellent panel of authorsofchapters. Fungi are relatively uncommon causes of disease in animals: the spectrum of fungalinfectionsismuchsmallerthaninthesinglehostHomosapiens.Yetanimal hosts are much more exposed than humans to infectious propagules, both in hus- bandryandinnaturalecosystems.Forreasonsthatcouldnotalwaysbeexplained,an increasing number of recalcitrant fungal diseases in animals have emerged during the last decades, originating from a wide range of opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. With this book we aim to provide more insight into major epizootic and emergingmycosesinvariousanimalgroups,withspeculationsonfungallifecycles, epidemiology and evolution. Information on treatment options, antifungal use in veterinarypractice,andemergingresistanceisalsoincluded.Thedifferentchapters have been written by experts in the field, most of them being members of the Veterinary Mycology working group of ISHAM (International Society of Human andAnimalMycology).Inevitablytheproductionofamulti-authoredbooktakesa significant amount of time, and we were unable to cover all relevant fungi, and to include some recent developments in epidemiology and host resistance— underlining that natural processes of host-pathogen interaction may change and developatasurprisingspeed. The book addresses medical and veterinary mycologists, microbiologists, veterinarians, infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, ecologists, public vii viii Preface health scientists from academia and industry as well as graduate students, PhD studentsandpostdocsinthefield. Bethesda,MD,USA Amir(Seyedmojtaba)Seyedmousavi Utrecht,TheNetherlands G.SybrendeHoog Maisons-Alfort,France JacquesGuillot Nijmegen,TheNetherlands PaulE.Verweij Contents PartI PathogenicFungi,Definitions,Terminology,Methods ofClassification 1 DistributionofPathogensandOutbreakFungiintheFungal Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 G.SybrendeHoog,SarahA.Ahmed,PatriziaDanesi, JacquesGuillot,andYvonneGräser 2 EpidemiologicalDefinitions,TerminologyandClassificationswith ReferencetoFungalInfectionsofAnimals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 MatthewC.Fisher PartII EpizooticMycoseswithaReservoirinAnimals,with OccasionalOutbreaks 3 CommonandEmergingDermatophytosesinAnimals: Well-KnownandNewThreats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 VitHubka,AndreaPeano,AdelaCmokova,andJacquesGuillot 4 CoccidioidomycosisinAnimals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 BridgetMarieBarker 5 HistoplasmosisinAnimals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 JacquesGuillot,ChristineGuérin,andRenéChermette 6 ParacoccidioidomycosisinAnimalsandHumans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 SandradeMoraesGimenesBoscoandEduardoBagagli 7 AdiaspiromycosisandDiseasesCausedbyRelatedFungi inAjellomycetaceae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 AndrewM.Borman,YanpingJiang,KarolinaDukik,LynneSigler, IlanS.Schwartz,andG.SybrendeHoog 8 BlastomycosisinMammals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 IlanS.Schwartz ix x Contents 9 Paracoccidioidomycosisceti(Lacaziosis/Lobomycosis) inDolphins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 RaquelVilelaandLeonelMendoza PartIII EmergingMycosesinAnimals 10 FelineSporotrichosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 AndersonMessiasRodrigues,G.SybrendeHoog, andZoiloPiresdeCamargo 11 LethargicCrabDisease:NowYouSee,NowYouDon’t. . . . . . . . . 233 VaniaA.Vicente,RaphaelOrélis-Ribeiro,G.SybrendeHoog, andWalterA.Boeger 12 Cryptococcosis:EmergenceofCryptococcusgattiiinAnimals andZoonoticPotential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 KarunaSingh,MacitIlkit,TaherehShokohi,AliTolooe, RichardMalik,andSeyedmojtabaSeyedmousavi 13 White-NoseSyndromeinHibernatingBats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 GudrunWibbelt 14 Chytridiomycosis. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 309 AnMartel,FrankPasmans,MatthewC.Fisher,LauraF.Grogan, LeeF.Skerratt,andLeeBerger 15 FelineAspergillosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 VanessaR.Barrs PartIV AntifungalsandRiskofResistance 16 AntifungalUseinVeterinaryPracticeandEmergence ofResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 SeyedmojtabaSeyedmousavi,NathanP.Wiederhold,FrankEbel, MohammadT.Hedayati,HalehRafati,andPaulE.Verweij Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
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