Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 1995: Vol 13 Index

37 Pages·1995·7.7 MB·English

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Volume 13
February HIV INTERFACE WITH EMERGENCY MEDICINE, pages
1-234
May PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES, pages 235-519
August EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF THE EYE, pages 521-712
November ADVANCES AND UPDATES IN CARDIOVASCULAR
EMERGENCIES, pages 713-1073
Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Abdomen, HIV-infected patient evaluation, (AIDS). See also Human
66-67 immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
pediatric trauma to. See Pediatric abuse; in Africa and Asia, 2-4
Pediatric trauma. epidemiology in 1990s, 1-20
ABEM. See American Board of Emergency and HIV-1 transmission modes, 2
Medicine (ABEM). legal and ethical issues, in emergency
ABMS. See American Board of Medical department, 213-221
Specialties (ABMS). ocular manifestations in, 618-620
ABP. See American Board of Pediatrics (ABP). AIDS retinopathy, 618-619
Abrasion(s), corneal, 566-567 cytomegalovirus retinitis, 554, 619
defined, 633 herpes zoster ophthalmicus, 616-617
Abscess, retropharyngeal, pediatric lymphoma, 620
evaluation, 482-483 mucormycosis, 617
Absidia sp. infection, ocular manifestations Pneumocystis carinii, 620
in, 617 toxoplasma chorioretinitis, 619-620
Abuse, pediatric injury patterns, 321-338. parenteral transmission, 13-15
See also Pediatric abuse. perinatal transmission, 12-13
ACD device, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, undetermined transmission routes, 15
817 in United States of America, 4—7, 8
ACE. See Angiotensin-converting enzyme adolescents versus adults, 6, 7
(ACE) inhibitors. classification system, revised, 6, 8
ACEP. See American College of Emergency death rates, by age, 4, 6
Physicians (ACEP). male and female, 4-6
Acetazolamide, in treatment of acute closed- by race, 4, 6
angle glaucoma, 564 heterosexual transmission, 7-11
Acid-fast bacilli (AFB), in diagnosis of reporting statistics, 6—7, 8
pulmonary tuberculosis, 85 sexual transmission, factors associated
environmental controls and, 192 with, 11-12
Acid injury, to eye, 601 worldwide infection rates, 1-2
irrigation, 690 Acquired syphilis, ocular manifestations in,
ACLS (advanced cardiac life support), 811. 614-615
See also Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ACTG protocol 076, results and
(CPR). consequences of, 13
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Actinomyces israelii, lacrimal canaliculitis, 646
1037
1038 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Activated charcoal, use with poisoned Adenosine, in treatment of tachycardia,
pediatric patient, 346-347, 351-352 narrow complex, 946-947
Acute infectious enteritis (AIE), pediatric, wide complex, 916
457-471 use in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 820
antibiotic therapy, 463 Adenoviruses, causing acute infectious
classification, 457-458 enteritis, in children, 461
diagnostic considerations, bacterial risk causing conjunctivitis, 570-571
factors, 466-467 in childhood, 673
stool examination, 466 Adjunctive therapies, in thrombolytic
epidemiology, 458-459 therapy, 748-750
etiologies, 459-465 Adjustment disorders, HIV-associated,
bacterial, 460, 461-465 166-167
parasitic, 460 Adrenaline, pediatric use, 362
viral, 459-461 Adrenal necrosis, HIV-associated, 120
treatment, adjunctive antidiarrheal Adrenergic agents, use in cardiopulmonary
therapies, 471 resuscitation, 818-819
antibiotic therapy, 463, 471 Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), 811.
diet modification, 470-471 See also Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
evaluating hydration status prior to, (CPR).
467-469 Advanced Life Support (ALS) units, EMS
rehydration strategies, 469-470 dispatcher determines need for, 257
Acute myocardial infarction (AMD), prehospital pediatric equipment, 258,
759-765 259
cocaine toxicity causing, 774—775 Advanced Pediatric Life Support (APLS),
diagnostic testing, 759-760 236
echocardiography, prognosis and Aeromonas hydrophilia infection, in children,
complications, 837-839 463
electrocardiography, 714-720 AFB. See Acid-fast bacilli (AFB).
12-lead electrocardiogram, 714 Afferent pupillary defect (APD), 597
15-lead electrocardiogram, Africa, acquired immunodeficiency
indications for, 717 syndrome in, 2-4
additional lead electrocardiogram, tuberculosis incidence in, 180
714-717 Age, as risk factor in febrile child, 385-386
continuous ST-segment monitoring, as thrombolytic therapy contraindication,
718-720 742
criteria, 740-741 Age of onset, of HIV infection, 11
location of infarct, 741-742 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency
nuclear scanning, 720-721 syndrome (AIDS).
technetium 99m sestamibi imaging, AIDS dementia complex. See HIV
720-721 encephalopathy.
thallium 201 scintigraphy, 720 AIDS retinopathy, 618-619
serum markers, 721-727 AIE. See Acute infectious enteritis (AIE).
creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, Air contamination, tuberculosis control and,
722-724 192-193
myoglobin, 724-725 Air-puff tonometer, 699
troponin complex, 725-727 Airway disease, upper. See Upper airway
pathology, 735-736 disease.
radiographic manifestations, 861-862 Airway management, during CPR,
reperfusion strategies, 760-761 pediatric, 294, 296
treatment, adjuncts, 761-765 Alacrima. See Dry eyes.
delays in starting, 744-746 Alfentanyl, pediatric use, 365-366
PTCA. See Percutaneous transluminal Alkali injury, to eye, 600-601
coronary angioplasty (PTCA). irrigation, 690
thrombolytic therapy. See Thrombolytic Alkaline diuresis, for poisoned pediatric
therapy. patient, 352
Acute otitis media (AOM). See Otitis media. Allergic conjunctivitis, 573-577
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), ocular atopic, 574
manifestations in, 616-617 in childhood, 673
Acyclovir, adverse reactions in HIV-infected contact, 576-577
patient, 142-143 giant papillary, 575, 576
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 1039
rhinoconjunctivitis, 573-574 topical agents used, 652-654
vernal, 574 physical status classification, 359
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, 573-574 Aneurysm, aortic. See Aortic aneurysm.
Alpha 1 receptor blockers, in hypertension Angiomatosis, bacillary, in HIV-infected
treatment, 1024, 1025 patients, 83
Alpha-beta blockers, in hypertension Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
treatment, 1024, 1025 inhibitors. See also Captopril.
Ambulance service, misuse, 239 in hypertension treatment, 1024, 1025,
American Board of Emergency Medicine 1026
(ABEM), incorporation, 236 Angiotensin II, use in cardiopulmonary
training programs and, 236, 237 resuscitation, 819
American Board of Medical Specialties Anisolyted plasminogen SK activator
(ABMS), ABEM and, 236 complex (APSAC), as thrombolytic
role in development of pediatric therapy agent, 738
emergency medicine, 235 clinical trials, 751
American Board of Pediatrics (ABP), Anogenital neoplasia, HIV-associated, 116
training programs and, 236, 237 Anterior chamber, of the eye, anatomy, 562
American College of Emergency Physicians blunt trauma to, 587-590
(ACEP), founding and purpose, 236 Anterior uveitis, 565-566
role in development of pediatric in pediatric patient, 674
emergency medicine, 235 as systemic disease manifestation,
American Society of Anesthesiology, 610-611
physical status classification, 359 Antiarrhythmic agents, in treatment of
AMI. See Acute myocardial infarction (AMI). narrow complex tachycardias,
Amicar (€-aminocaproic acid), in treatment 941-945
of hyphema, 564-565 class I, 941
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, topical class II, 941-943
ophthalmic use, 659 class IIT, 941-943, 943-944
Aminophylline, cardiopulmonary class IV, 944-945
resuscitation and, 820 Antibiotic therapy, pediatric, in acute
Amiodarone, in treatment of narrow infectious enteritis, 463, 471
complex tachycardias, 943-944 in occult bacteremia and septicemia,
Amphotericin B, adverse reactions in HIV- 385
infected patients, 141 in otitis media, 449-451
Ampicillin, adverse reactions in HIV- topical ophthalmic applications, 658-660
infected patients, 122 Antibodies, monoclonal, therapeutic use in
Analgesia, anesthesia, and conscious experimental meningitis, 430
sedation, in children, 357-373. See also Anticholinesterase agents, as topical
Analgesics, pediatric. antiglaucoma medication, 662
Analgesics, pediatric, 363-366 Antidepressants. See Cyclic antidepressants.
ketamine, 369-370 Antidiarrheal therapies, pediatric, 471
ketorolac, 368-369 Antidotal therapy, in pediatric poisoning,
nitrous oxide, 370 349
parenteral drugs and doses, 364 Antidysrhythmics, use in pediatric CPR,
transmucosal dosages, 365 306
use with fracture patients, 285-286 Antifungal agents, adverse reactions in HIV-
Anal trauma, pediatric, 337 infected patients, 141-142
Anaphylactoid reactions, in HIV-infected topical ophthalmic use, 665
patients, 136, 138 Antiglaucoma medications, 660-664
Anemia, in HIV-infected patients, 111 Antihistamines, topical ophthalmic use,
Anesthesia, analgesia, and conscious 657-658
sedation, in children, 357-373. See also Antihypertensive therapy(ies), compliance
Analgesia; Conscious sedation; Deep with, 1028-1029, 1030
sedation; Sedation. guidelines for improving, 1029
general, in treatment of pediatric status ideal drug characteristics, 980
epilepticus, 502 oral agents, in hypertensive emergencies,
local, pediatric use, 361-363 991-999
ophthalmic, eyelid laceration treatment, in hypertensive urgency, 1018-1022
633-634 parenteral drugs, in hypertensive
in ophthalmologic examination, 529 emergencies, 980-991
1040 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Antimicrobial therapy, pediatric, in acute compression, 299-300
infectious enteritis, 467 duty cycle, 298-299
in meningitis, 426-427, 437-438 myocardial perfusion, 297-298
in otitis media, 450 Aseptic meningitis, as manifestation of HIV
Antimycobacterial agents, adverse reactions infection, 116-117
in HIV-infected patients, 143-144 and viral meningitis in children, 431-432
Antiretroviral agents, use in HIV-infected clinical presentation and physical
patients, adverse reactions, 144-145 examination, 432-433
children, 158 diagnosis, 433
Antiseptic agents, eyelid wound epidemiology, 432
preparation, 635 etiologic agents, 432
Antiviral agents, adverse reactions in HIV- sequelae, 434-435
infected patients, 142-143 treatment, 433-434
topical ophthalmic use, 664—665 Asia, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AOM (acute otitis media). See Otitis media. in, 2-4
Aortic aneurysm, as cause of cardiovascular tuberculosis incidence in, 180
shock, 804-805 Aspergillosis, as complication of HIV, 92
echocardiographic evaluation of, 847 Aspergillus sp., HIV infection and, 92
radiographic manifestations, 880-881 lacrimal canaliculitis, 646
Aortic dissection, as cause of cardiovascular Aspergillus niger infection, in children, 453
shock, 802-804 Aspiration, of foreign bodies, by children.
echocardiographic evaluation of, 844-846 See Foreign body aspiration, pediatric.
and other imaging modalities Aspirin, as acute myocardial infarction
compared, 845 treatment adjunct, 762
radiographic manifestations, 881-884 recommended doses, 765
Aortic injury, in blunt cardiac trauma, in thrombolytic therapy, 749
889-892 Atopic conjunctivitis, 574
Aortic stenosis, radiographic manifestations, Atopic dermatitis, eyelid, 639
874-875 Atovaquone, adverse reactions in HIV-
Aortic valve regurgitation, radiographic infected patient, 140
manifestations, 875 Atrial fibrillation, 935, 937
Aortography, in aortic dissection evaluation, Atrial flutter, 933, 935, 936
882-883 Atrial rhythms, 928-937
APD. See Afferent pupillary defect (APD). atrial fibrillation, 935, 937
APLS (Advanced Pediatric Life Support), atrial flutter, 933, 935, 936
236 atrial tachycardia, 931
Apoplexy, pituitary, causing visual loss, multifocal, 933, 934
557-558 sinus tachycardia, 928, 931
Applanation method, of tonometry, 697-698 Atrial tachycardia, 931
Apraclonidine, in treatment of acute closed- multifocal, 933, 934
angle glaucoma, 564 Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant
APSAC. See Anisolyted plasminogen SK tachycardia (AVNRT), 927, 937-938
activator complex (APSAC). P waves in, 928, 929
Aqueous humor production, pharmacologic Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia
control, 564-565 (AVRT), 927, 938-939
Argyll-Robertson pupil, 615 Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and,
ARN. See Acute retinal necrosis (ARN). 928
Arrest, cardiopulmonary. See Atropine sulfate, topical ophthalmologic
Cardiopulmonary arrest. use, 656
circulatory. See Circulatory arrest. use in pediatric CPR, 303-304
Arrhythmias, cocaine toxicity causing, 775 Automatic implantable cardioverter-
echocardiographic assessment, 850 defibrillators (AICD), 919-921
treatment of. See Antiarrhythmic agents. deactivation method, 920
Arteriosclerosis, ocular manifestations in, Automaticity, tachycardia and, 926
613 Automobile accidents, prevention of
Arteritis, temporal, ocular manifestations in, pediatric injury, 249
621 Automobiles, operation by syncope
Artificial circulation, during pediatric CPR, patients, 969
296-297 AVNRT. See Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant
cerebral perfusion, 298 tachycardia (AVNRT).
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 1041
AVRT. See Atrioventricular reciprocating Bacterial pneumonia, in HIV-infected
tachycardia (AVRT). patients, children, 153
Azidothymidine (AZT). See Zidovudine community-acquired, 81-82
(ZDV). other causes, 82
Azole antifungal agents, resistant Candida Bacterial tracheitis, pediatric, evaluation,
strains and, 89 481-482
overview, 481
Bacteroides sp., neonatal conjunctivitis and,
672
Bacillary angiomatosis, in HIV-infected Barbiturate coma, in treatment of pediatric
patients, 83 status epilepticus, 499, 501
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, 190 Basal cell carcinoma, of eyelids, 643
Bacillus cereus infection, in children, 459 Basic Life Support (BLS) units, EMS
endophthalmitis caused by, 602 dispatcher determines need for, 257
Bacitracin, topical ophthalmologic use, prehospital pediatric equipment, 258,
658-659 259
Bacteremia, definitions, 382 B-cell lymphomas, in HIV-infected patients,
in febrile child. See also Febrile child. 123
age as risk factor, 385-386 BCG. See Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
epidemiology, 387 vaccine.
temperature elevation and, 386 Behavioral strategies, HIV infection
occult. See Occult bacteremia. prevention and control, 19-20
transient, 382 Behcet's disease, ocular manifestations in,
Bacteria, and infections in children, acute 621
infectious enteritis, 460, 461-465 Bell’s phenomenon, 598, 602
bacterial meningitis. See Bacterial meningitis. Benoxinate hydrochloride, topical
culturing, to diagnose fever, 395 ophthalmologic use, 654
otitis externa, 453 Berlin’s edema, 595, 596
otitis media, 446-447 Beta-blockers, as acute myocardial infarction
Bacterial conjunctivitis, 568-570 treatment adjunct, 763
in childhood and adolescence, 673 recommended doses, 765
chronic, 569-570 as cardiotoxic drug, 781-782
mucopurulent, 568-569 clinical signs and symptoms, 782
in neonate, 671-672 treatment of, 782
purulent, 569 pharmacology, 781
Bacterial diseases, ocular manifestations in, in hypertension treatment, 1024, 1025
614-616 as syncope medication, 969
Bacterial infections, as complication of HIV, as topical antiglaucoma medication, 664
81-84 Betaxolol, in treatment of acute closed-angle
bacillary angiomatosis, 83 glaucoma, 564
bacterial pneumonia, in children, 153 Bifidobacterium sp., neonatal conjunctivitis
community-acquired, 81-82 and, 672
other causes, 81-82 Biking injuries, helmet use and, 249
enteric, 84 Bilateral visual loss, eye dilatation and,
nocardiosis, 84 559
sinusitis, 83-84 Biliary system, noninfectious manifestations
syphilis, 82-83 of HIV infection involving, 110
Bacterial meningitis, pediatric, clinical Blastomyces dermatitidis, as complication of
presentation, 420-421 HIV, 92
complications, 430 Bleeding disorders, ocular manifestations in,
diagnosis, 423-426 625
etiologic agents, 419-420 Blepharitis, anterior, 637
pathophysiology, molecular, 419 posterior, 637-638
physical examination, 421-423 Blepharoptosis, 642
prevention, 431 Blepharospasm, 641-642
risk factors and pathogenesis, 417-419 Blindness, bilateral, eye dilatation and, 559
treatment therapies, antimicrobial, cortical, 546, 547
426-427 unilateral. See Unilateral visual loss.
corticosteroid, 427-429 Blood culture, in diagnosis of febrile child,
experimental, 429-430 394
1042 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Blood flow, cerebral, autoregulation of, Bronchoscopy, in tuberculosis diagnosis, 188
hypertension and, 973-976 Brucellosis, ocular manifestations in, 614
Blood pressure, systemic, autoregulation of, Brudzinski’s sign, in pediatric patient with
973-976 bacterial meningitis, 422
classification, 1013 Bruises, resulting from pediatric abuse,
decreased. See Hypotension. 324-325
elevated reading. See also Hypertension; characteristics and patterns, 325
Hypertensive urgency. Buckling theory, orbital fractures, 583
evaluation and management Buffering. See Sodium bicarbonate.
algorithms, 1027, 1028 Bupivacaine, pediatric use, 361-362
meaning of, 1013-1014 Burns, to eye, chemical. See Chemical burns,
patient assessment, 1015-1016 to the eye.
treatment decisions, 1014-1015 thermal, 602
lowering of, therapeutic guidelines in pediatric, prevention of, 250
hypertensive emergency, 976-977 resulting from abuse, 325-326
measurement methods, 1011-1012 Burr, for rust ring removal, 687
Blood products, HIV transmission via, Butorphanol, pediatric use, 366
14-15 Bypass, cardiopulmonary, in
risk of HIV infection from, 54-55 cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
Blood transfusions, HIV transmission via, 822-823
14-15
risk of HIV infection from, 54-55
Blowout fractures, orbital, 583-586
Blunt cardiac trauma, aortic injury, Calcium antagonists, in hypertension
889-892 treatment, 1024, 1025
cardiac rupture, 887-889 Calcium channel blockers, as acute
management algorithm, 888 myocardial infarction treatment
myocardial contusion, 892-893 adjunct, 764
Blunt trauma, to the chest, recommended doses, 765
echocardiographic evaluation of, as cardiotoxic drug, 779-781
847-849. See also Blunt cardiac trauma. clinical signs and symptoms, 780
to the eye, 635 treatment of, 780-781
anterior chamber, 587-590 pharmacology, 779-780
cataract formation, 593 in treatment of narrow complex
conjunctiva, 587 tachycardias, 944-945
globe, 594. See also Globe, trauma to. Calcium chloride, use in pediatric CPR, 303,
iris and ciliary body, 590-591 304-305
lens, 591-593 Campylobacter sp. infection, in children, 458,
orbital fractures, 583-586 461
periorbital tissues, 583 antibiotic therapy, 463, 467
posterior segment, 594-597 stool examination and, 466
retrobulbar hematomas, 586-587 transmission, 459
to the heart. See Blunt cardiac trauma. Campylobacter jejuni infection, in children,
intra-abdominal, in children, 282-284 458
Body fluids, HIV transmission via, 14-15 Canaliculitis, lacrimals, 646
tisk of HIV infection from, 54-55 Cancers, anal and cervical, HIV-associated,
Bone marrow, HIV infection involving, 36, 116
110-111 Candida albicans, lacrimal canaliculitis, 646
Bony thorax, radiographic examination of, Candida sp. infections, in children, acute
856, 858 infectious enteritis, 459
Borrelia burgdorferi infection, ocular HIV-infected patients and, 88-89
manifestations in, 615 ocular manifestations, 617
Borrelia recurrentis infection, ocular Candidiasis, as complication of HIV, 88-89
manifestations in, 615 ocular manifestations in, 617
Borreliosis, ocular manifestations in, 614 Capnometry, in coronary perfusion pressure
Botulism, ocular manifestations in, 614 monitoring, 814-815
Bradyarrhythmias, syncope and, 957 Captopril, use in hypertensive emergencies,
Bretylium, in treatment of wide complex 994, 996-998
tachycardia, 915 in children, 1000
use in pediatric CPR, 303, 306 use in hypertensive urgency, 1019, 1021
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 1043
Carbachol, as topical antiglaucoma circulation, artificial, 296-300. See also
medication, 662 Artificial circulation.
Carbon dioxide measurements, end-tidal, circulatory arrest, diagnosing, 292-294,
during pediatric cardiopulmonary 295
arrest, 301-302 crescendo versus standard, 310-312
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, as topical electric therapy during, 306-308
antiglaucoma medication, 664-665 monitoring patient status, 300-302. See
Carcinoma, basal cell, of eyelids, 643 also Cardiopulmonary arrest,
Cardiac injury, penetrating. See Penetrating pediatric.
cardiac trauma. pharmacotherapy, 302, 303
Cardiac ischemia, cocaine toxicity causing, antidysrhythmics, 306
774-775 atropine sulfate, 303-304
Cardiac mass, echocardiography in calcium chloride, 303, 304-305
diagnosis of, 849-850 epinephrine, 302-303
Cardiac massage, open versus closed-chest, sodium bicarbonate, 305-306
during pediatric CPR, 309-310 terminology, 292
Cardiac pump theory, cardiac blood flow vascular access during, 308-309
and, 812 ventilation, artificial, 296
Cardiac rupture, in blunt cardiac trauma, volume loading during, 306
887-889 pharmacologic interventions in, 818-821
Cardiac tamponade, as cause of adrenergic agents, 818-819
cardiovascular shock, 800-802 nonadrenergic agents, 820-821
echocardiographic evaluation of, 841-843 reperfusion pressure in, 813
Cardiac trauma, blunt, 887-893 Cardiotoxic drugs, 771-787
and mediastinal trauma, 887-899 beta-blockers, 781-782
penetrating. See Penetrating cardiac trauma. calcium channel blockers, 779-781
Cardiogenic shock, as cause of cocaine, 771-775
cardiovascular shock, 793—794 cyclic antidepressants, 777-779
clinical presentation, 795-796 digitalis, 785-788
evaluation and management, 796-800 methamphetamine, 775-777
pathophysiology, 794-795 theophylline, 782-785
Cardiopulmonary arrest, pediatric, clinical Cardiovascular diseases, ocular
examination, 300-301 manifestations in, 613-614
electrocardiography, 301 Cardiovascular radiography, 855-884
end-tidal carbon dioxide, 301-302 in abnormal intrathoracic air, 875-879
coronary perfusion pressure, 302 in acute myocardial infarction, 861-862
laboratory studies, 301 in congestive heart failure, 863-865
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), in decubitus view of chest, 861
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, in esophageal rupture, 867
822-823 expiration views of chest, 861
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in infection, 867-870
811-824 lordotic views of chest, 860
blood flow in, 812 in lung collapse, 870, 871
cardiac pump theory, 812 in musculoskeletal disease, 879-880
thoracic pump theory, 812-813 in pericardial disease, 866
cerebroprotective efforts in, 823-824 plain chest film, 855-856
coronary reperfusion pressure monitoring examination sequence, cardiac anatomy,
in, capnometry, 814-815 great vessels, and mediastinum,
central venous oxygen saturation, 814 859-860
invasive, 813-814 pulmonary vasculature and
ventricular fibrillation spectral analysis, parenchyma, 858
814 soft tissues and bony thorax, 856, 858
defibrillation in, 824 exposure issues, 856, 857
following thrombolytic therapy, 743 posteroanterior and lateral views of chest,
invasive measures, 821-823 855-656
mechanical interventions in, 816-818 in pulmonary embolism, 866-867
pediatric, 291, 291-312 rib views of chest, 860
airway management, 294, 296 of thoracic aorta, aneurysm, 880-881
cardiac massage during, open versus dissection, 881-884
closed-chest, 309-310 in valvular disease, 871-875, 876
1044 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Cardiovascular shock, 793-807 Cephalosporins, topical ophthalmic use,
causes, aortic disorders, aneurysm, 659-660
Cerebral blood flow (CBF), autoregulation
dissection, 802-804 of, hypertension and, 973-976
cardiac tamponade, 800-802 Cerebral perfusion, during pediatric CPR,
cardiogenic shock, 793-800 298
massive pulmonary embolus, 806-807 Cerebroprotective efforts, in
Cardioversion, during pediatric CPR, 307 cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
in treatment of narrow complex 823-824
tachycardias, 947-948 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), analysis, in
Carotid sinus sensitivity, in syncope pediatric meningitis, 434
examination, 964, 965 bacterial, 423-425
CASPIA. See Centrifugation-augmented solid- tuberculous, 437
phase immunoassay (CASPIA). viral, 433
Cataracts, lens injury and, 593 examination in patients with syphilis, 83
as ocular injury complication, 603 HIV-infected patient evaluation, 68-69
pediatric, 676, 678 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), 747-748
Cathartics, use with poisoned pediatric as thrombolytic therapy complication,
patient, 348 742-743, 747-748
CBC. See Complete blood count (CBC). Chalazion, 636-637
CBF. See Cerebral blood flow (CBF). Chamber depth determination, in
CD4 cells, depletion of, 35 ophthalmologic examination, 532-533
CD4+ lymphocytes, HIV infection effects on, Charcoal, activated. See Activated charcoal.
16-18 Charcoal hemoperfusion, for poisoned
in immunosuppression definition and pediatric patient, 352
classification, 6,7, 8, 16-18 Chemical burns, to the eye, 600-602,
CD4 molecule, HIV-1 and, 28 635 -636
CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and as absolute ophthalmologic emergency,
Prevention (CDC). 523
Cellulitis, orbital, 638 acid, 601
in pediatric patient, 673-674 alkali, 600-601
preseptal or periorbital, 638-639 irrigation, 602, 690-694
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miscellaneous, 602
(CDC), AIDS cases statistics, 6, 8 Chemical conjunctivitis, in neonate, 671
HIV-infected health care worker Chemoprophylaxis, HIV-associated
guidelines, 219-220 tuberculosis, 190
invasive procedure guidelines, 15 postexposure antiretroviral, 207-208
occupational exposure statistics, 201 Chemotherapy, cytomegalovirus retinitis
tuberculosis recommendations, 190-191 and, 554
universal precautions guidelines, Chest, HIV-infected patient evaluation, 66,
205-206 67
Central nervous system (CNS), HIV-infected normal radiographic anatomy, 856, 857
patient evaluation, 68-70 trauma to, echocardiographic evaluation
children, 153-154 of, 847-849
pediatric infections, 417-443 Chest pain, ancillary diagnostic testing in
herpes simplex encephalitis, 435-436 emergency department evaluation of,
meningitis. See Aseptic meningitis, and advances in, 713-730
viral meningitis in children; Bacterial approach in acute myocardial infarction,
meningitis, pediatric. 744-746. See also Acute myocardial
Central oxygen saturation, in coronary infarction (AMI), diagnostic testing.
perfusion pressure monitoring, 814 echocardiographic evaluation of, 836-837,
Central retinal artery occlusion, visual loss 838
and, 550-552 observation unit in emergency
Central retinal vein occlusion, visual loss department, 728-729
and, 555 and shock, differential diagnosis, 793
Central venous catheterization, in coronary Chest trauma, echocardiographic evaluation
perfusion pressure monitoring, 813-814 of, 847-849
Centrifugation-augmented solid-phase Chiasmal disorders, causing visual loss,
immunoassay (CASPIA), in diagnosis differential diagnosis, 546-547
of febrile child, 395 pituitary apoplexy, 557-558
CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995 1045
Child abuse, ocular manifestations in, 626. Clindamycin, adverse reactions in HIV-
See also Pediatric abuse; Sexual abuse, of infected patients, 140
children. Clinical death, pediatric patient, 292
Childhood conjunctivitis, 673 Clofazimine, adverse reactions in HIV-
Child(ren). See also Neonate. infected patients, 143
abused. See Pediatric abuse; Sexual abuse, of Clonidine, use in hypertensive emergencies,
children. 992-993, 994
alacrima in, 645 use in hypertensive urgency, 1019,
emergency facilities used by, 239, 1020-1021
245-246. See also Pediatric emergency Closed-angle glaucoma, acute, 561-565
departments; Pediatric trauma centers. as absolute ophthalmologic emergency,
emergency medical services for, 255-264. 523
See also Emergency Medical Services for anatomy, 561-562
Children (EMSC). clinical presentation, 563
eye examination in, 669-670. See also precipitating events, 562-563
Pediatric ophthalmology. treatment, 564—565
documenting, 535 pediatric, 677-678
febrile, 381-407. See also Febrile Child. Clostridium botulinum infection, ocular
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) manifestations in, 614
infection in, 147-160. See also Clostridium difficile infection, in children,
Pediatric HIV infection. 464-465
hypertensive emergencies in, 999-1000 antibiotic therapy, 463, 467
injury(ies) to, accidental. See Pediatric stool examination, 466
trauma. Clostridium perfringens infection, in children,
resulting from abuse. See Pediatric abuse. 459
narrow complex tachycardias in, 949-950 CMV. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV).
poisoned. See Pediatric poisoning. CMV retinitis. See Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Chlamydia sp. infection, in children, retinitis.
446, 447 Coagulation disorders, ocular
ocular manifestations, 614. See also manifestations in, 625
Chlamydial conjunctivitis. Coagulation profiles, in HIV-infected
Chlamydial conjunctivitis, 572-573, 673 patients, 112
in neonate, 671 Cocaine, as cardiotoxic drug, 771-775
Chlamydia trachomatis infection, ocular cardiovascular effects, 773-775
manifestations in, 615 pharmacology, 772
Chloral hydrate, pediatric use, 368 therapeutic pediatric use, 362
transmucosal dosage, 365 topical ophthalmologic use, 653
for treatment of status epilepticus, 499, Coccidioides immitis, HIV-infected patients
501 and, 91-92
Chloramphenicol, topical ophthalmologic Collapsed lung, radiographic
use, 659 manifestations, 870, 871
Chlorpromazine, pediatric use, 367-368 Color coding, ophthalmologic medication
Chorioretinal injury, blunt trauma causing, packages, 652
595, 596 Commotio retina, blunt trauma causing, 595,
Chorioretinitis, toxoplasma, in AIDS patient, 596
619-620 Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia,
Chronic hypertension, maintenance therapy in HIV-infected patients, 81-82
for, 1022-1024, 1026 Complete blood count (CBC), in diagnosis
uncontrolled, long-term complications of, of febrile child, 391-392
1010 Compliance, antihypertensive therapy,
CIE. See Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 1028-1029, 1030
(CIE). guidelines for improving, 1028-1029
Circulation. See Artificial circulation; Compression, during CPR, ACD device,
Circulatory arrest. 817
Circulatory arrest, pediatric, diagnosis, in children, depth and rate, 299, 300
292-294, 295 focal sternal versus circumferential,
Circumferential compression, versus focal 299-300
sternal, during pediatric CPR, 299-300 interposed abdominal, 816-817
Clarithromycin, adverse reactions in HIV- Compression-decompression
infected patients, 143 cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 817
1046 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1995
Computed tomography (CT), in aortic Corneal clouding, in pediatric patient, 677
dissection evaluation, 844, 845, 883, 884 Corneal cultures, procedure for, 695-696
HIV-infected patient evaluation, 68-70 Corneal deposits, as systemic disease
in pediatric head trauma patients, manifestation, 609-610
indications, 281-282 Corneal ulcers, culture procedures, 695
versus surgical intervention, 280-281 Corneoscleral lacerations, 598-599
Confidentiality, of HIV testing, 217-218 Coronary artery disease (CAD), sodium
Confirmatory tests, HIV, 46-48, 49 nitroprusside use in, 980
Congenital disorders, ophthalmic, in Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), in
pediatric patient, 675-676 cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 813
Congenital syphilis, ocular manifestations measures of, 813-816
in, 614 cerebral blood flow regulation and,
Congestive heart failure, radiographic 973-976
manifestations, 863-865 pediatric, during cardiopulmonary arrest,
Conjunctiva, blunt trauma to, 587 302
disorders of. See Conjunctivitis. during CPR, 297, 300
foreign body removal, 684 reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial
lacerations of, 597-598 infarction treatment, 760-761
in ophthalmologic examination, 529 Corrective lenses, in ophthalmologic history,
Conjunctivitis. See also specific forms. 524
acute hemorrhagic, 571 Cortical blindness, in visual loss triage,
allergic, 573-577 545-546, 547
bacterial, 568-570 Cortical pathways, development of, 670
characteristics, 567 Corticosteroid therapy, pediatric, for
chlamydial, 572-573 treatment of bacterial meningitis,
classification, 568 427-429
mycotic, 572 topical ophthalmic use, 665-666
in pediatric patient, during childhood, 673 Corynebacterium sp., neonatal conjunctivitis
neonatal period, 671-672 and, 672
physical examination, 567-568 Corynebacterium diphtheria infection, ocular
subconjunctival hemorrhage, 577 manifestations in, 614
as systemic disease manifestation, 609 Cost, of tachycardia therapy, 950
viral, 570-572 Cotton wool spots, in eye, as systemic
Conscious sedation, pediatric. See also disease manifestation, 612
Analgesia; Anesthesia; Sedation. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis
agents for, sedative-hypnotics, 365, (CIE), in diagnosis of febrile child,
366-368 394-395
transmucosal, 360. See also Transmucosal CPB. See Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
drugs, pediatric. CPP. See Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP).
analgesia, anesthesia and, 357-373 CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
defined, 357-358 (CPR).
methods, 370-371 Crazy Glue, accidental eye exposure, 636
recovery, 371 C-reactive protein (CRP), in diagnosis of
Consent, for HIV testing, 214-216 febrile child, 392
Contact allergy conjunctivitis, 576-577 Creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, as marker in
Contact lens, ophthalmic procedures and, acute myocardial infarction diagnosis,
lost contact, 695 722-724
removal, 694—695 Crescendo cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
Continuous irrigation technique, 691-692 pediatric, 310-312
Continuous ST-segment monitoring, in Croup, pediatric, evaluation, 474-478
acute myocardial infarction, 718-720 management algorithm, 476
Contusion, myocardial, in blunt cardiac overview, 473—474
trauma, 892-893 pseudomembranous. See Bacterial
retinal, 595, 596 tracheitis.
Cornea, abnormalities of, as systemic scoring, 477
disease manifestation, 609-610 CRP. See C-reactive protein (CRP).
abrasions of, 566-567 Cryptococcal meningitis, as complication of
enlargement in pediatric patient, 677 HIV, 89-90
foreign body removal, 683, 684 Cryptococcus neoformans, HIV-infected
perforated, 683 patients and, 89-90