Emergency and Security Lighting

215 Pages·2001·1.72 MB·English

by  Gerard Honey

Emergency and Security Lighting
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Emergency and Security
Lighting
Gerard Honey
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
Newnes
An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published 2001
© Gerard Honey 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by
electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some
other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright
holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP.
Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any
part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0 7506 5037 0
Typeset in India at Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd, Pondicherry 605 005
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn
Contents
Preface vi
Acknowledgements viii
Part 1 Emergency Lighting Systems
1 Introduction 3
2 System selection 7
2.1 Self-contained systems 8
2.2 Small central systems 8
2.3 Large central battery systems 9
2.4 Central inverter systems 9
3 Design considerations 11
3.1 Points of emphasis 12
3.2 Defined escape routes – level of illumination 14
3.3 Essential areas – luminaire locations 14
3.4 Photometric design 16
3.5 Anti-panic/open core areas – level of illumination 16
3.6 High risk task area lighting 21
3.7 Exit signs – format and size 21
3.8 Disability glare 23
4 Self-contained systems 26
4.1 Wiring techniques 28
4.2 Luminaires – range of variants 31
4.3 Edge illuminated signs 35
4.4 Fault finding – commissioning and testing 36
5 Central battery systems 40
5.1 Small central systems 42
5.2 Large central battery systems 44
5.3 Central inverter systems 48
6 Wiring systems 56
6.1 Protection against fire and mechanical damage 57
7 Batteries and data 73
7.1 Self-contained systems 73
7.2 Central battery systems 77
7.3 Maintenance – battery rooms and ventilation 80
8 Low mounted way guidance systems and ancillary
aplications 83
8.1 Low mounted way guidance systems 83
8.2 Ancillary equipment and duties 86
vi Contents
9 Automatic intelligent testing 89
10 Reference information 96
10.1 Definitions and terminology 96
10.2 Certification and standards 100
10.3 Lighting fundamentals 104
10.4 Classification of luminaires 105
10.5 Battery data 106
Part 2 Security Lighting Systems
1 Architecture 13
11.1 Demand lighting 114
11.2 Extended period lighting 116
12 Selection of lighting system 119
12.1 Risk 120
12.2 Automatic or manual operation 124
12.3 Type of luminaire 125
12.4 Wiring forms 127
12.5 Level of illuminance 128
12.6 Capacity of system 130
12.7 Integration 131
12.8 Budget 132
13 Luminaires and light forms 134
13.1 Essential duty lamps 135
13.2 Discharge lamps 141
14 Detection techniques 150
14.1 Automatic detection 150
14.2 Dual technology verification 160
15 Demand lighting 162
16 Extended period lighting 173
17 CCTV and observation lighting 182
18 Energy management 190
19 Integrated systems and central station monitoring 196
20 Reference information 201
20.1 Environmental protection 201
20.2 Multiplication factors 202
20.3 Common multiples 202
20.4 Standards, regulations and codes of practice 202
Index 205
Preface
New workplace directives and stringent building regulations require
more premises to install emergency lighting systems. Amendments to
the fire precautions (workplace) regulations invoke additional needs
for written fire risk assessment and emergency plans for premises
including emergency lighting to form a part of the means of escape.
Local authority bylaws also oblige the updating of many premises
holding certificates under earlier Housing Acts. As the safety of the
occupants of buildings is becoming a major priority with the introduc-
tion of new harmonized standards the need for emergency lighting is
increasingly apparent. There is therefore a cause to install emergency
lighting in most factories, buildings open to the public and those for
multiple occupancy. In addition there is provision under the Fire Pre-
cautions Act to extend its use into hotels and boarding houses without
further legislation.
Security lighting is being covered in the same title as emergency
lighting because it also has a safety aspect. This is in addition to its use
as a deterrent to crime. Lighting of this nature may be automatically
selected on demand or be used over extended periods of time to pro-
vide illumination at all times when natural light is unavailable. It may
equally be used to supplement equipment employed for surveillance
purposes.
Gerard Honey
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank the following for information received:
Cooper Lighting and Security Ltd
Emergi-Lite Safety Systems Ltd
Existalite Ltd
TAVCOM Training Ltd
Part 1 Emergency Lighting Systems