Emergencies and Abnormal Situations PDF
Preview Emergencies and Abnormal Situations
EEmmeerrggeennccyy aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss iinn AAvviiaattiioonn SSyymmppoossiiuumm Santa Clara, June 2003 RReessppoonnddiinngg ttoo EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss Neil Johnston Aerospace Psychology Research Group Trinity College Dublin [email protected] IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss OOvveerrvviieeww Conference Challenge l – Alternative Perspectives – Identify and Challenge Assumptions – Challenge Conventional Training Wisdom 4 Topics l – Emergency & Non-Normal Events – Non-Normal Checklists – Human Factors / Human Performance – Solutions Pilot Expertise l Training Themes and Issues l EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss PPrreelliimmiinnaarriieess EEvveennttss – Emergencies – very rare – Non-normal events – rare – “Abnormal” situations – common » Unexpected departures from the norm Reflexive Questions l – What exactly is being managed ? – How best can this be done ? – Are we looking at the right things ? EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss PPrreelliimmiinnaarriieess CChheecckklliissttss – Subtle changes over time – Implicit assumptions » Pilot function – and functioning » Cockpit management Not just “lists” + “check” l » Sources of aid and confusion » Subtle shaping of pilot behaviour Airline specific simulator practices v EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss PPrreelliimmiinnaarriieess Human Factors/Performance Issues Perfect engine shutdown drill l – Wrong engine Good Drills + Leisurely Preparation l – Undesired Outcome Poor Cockpit Management l – Confusion & coordination breakdowns – Ambiguity and absence of focus – Departures from the norm EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss PPrreelliimmiinnaarriieess Solutions The Conventional Wisdom l – More / Better Training – what exactly ? Experience l – What part of “Experience” ? Better Checklists l – Design ? – Content ? Problematic l DDeevveellooppiinngg TThhee FFoouurr TThheemmeess EEmmeerrggeenncciieess aanndd AAbbnnoorrmmaall SSiittuuaattiioonnss 11.. EEvveennttss Low Frequency of Events l – Reliability / Automation / Technology – Low exposure » reduced co-pilot apprenticeship Unexpected events / variations – common l – Unexpected issues and variants • Real world presentation of problems • Real world demands and problem management • Real world inhibitors of performance Real world : simulator rituals l
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