Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies

304 Pages·1997·9.19 MB·English

by  Linda Manzanilla (auth.)

Etnergence and
Change in Early
Urban Societies
FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Series Editors: Gary M. Feinman and T. Douglas Price
Department 0/ Anthropology
University 0/ Wisconsin-Madison
Editorial Board: Ofer Bar-Yosef, Harvard University • Christine Hastorf,
University 0/ California-Berkeley • Jeffrey Hantman,
Universtty 0/ Virginia. Patty Jo Watson, Washtngton
University • Linda Manzanilla, Universidad Nacional
Aut6noma de Mixico • John Parkington, University 0/
Capetown • Klavs Randsborg, University 0/ Copenhagen •
Olga Soffer, University 0/ /lltnois • Matthew Spriggs,
Australtan National Untversity • John Yellen, National
Sctence Foundatton
EMERGENCE AND CHANGE IN EARLY URBAN SOOETIES
Edited by Linda Manzanilla
FOUNDATIONSOFSOC~INEQUAUTY
Edited by T. Douglas Price and Gary M. Feinman
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery
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Emergence and
Change in Early
Urban Societies
Edited by
UNDA MANZANILLA
Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico
Mexico City, Mexico
Springer Science+B usiness Media, LLC
I...J.brary of Congress CataIoging in Publication Data
Emergence and change in early urban societies / edited by linda Manzanilla.
p. cm.-(FundamentaI issues in archaeology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-306-45494-7
1. Cities and towns, Ancient. 2. Urbanization-History. 3. Extinct eities. I. Manzanilla,
linda. 11. Series.
Hf114.E44 1997
307.76'09'01--<lc20 96-41911
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4899-1850-5 ISBN 978-1-4899-1848-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1848-2
C 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1987.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
All fights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
To Victor Manzanilla
Contributors
Kathryn A. Bard • Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675
Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, U.S.A.
David L. Browrnan • Department of Anthropology, Washington University
in St. Louis, Campus Box 1114, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Mis
souri 63130-4899, U.S.A.
Marcella Frangipane • Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e
Antropologiche dell'Antichita, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," Via
Palestro 63, 00185 Roma, Italy
Williarn H. Isbell • Department of Anthropology, State University of New
York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NewYork 13902-6000, U.S.A.
Arthur A. Joyce • American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West
at 79th Street, NewYork, NewYork 10024-5192, U.S.A.
Linda Manzanilla. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropo16gicas, Universi
dad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, UNAM-Cd. Universitaria, 04510
Mexico D.F., Mexico
Jarnes Edward Mathews. Field Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Road
at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.
Miguel Rivera Dorado • Departamento de Antropologia y Etnologia de
America, Facultad de Geografia e Historia, Universidad Complutense,
Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Espafta
Walburga Wiesheu • Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Periferico
y Zapote s/n, Delegaci6n Tlalpan, Mexico D.F. 14030
vii
Preface
This book gives an overview of different factors involved in the emergence
and change in early urban societies in fourth-millennium Mesopotamia and
Egypt; pre-Shang China; Classie horizon Central Mexico, Oaxaca, and the
Maya Area; and Middle Horizon societies in the Andean Region.
These factors range from centralized storage and redistributive econo
mies, agromanagerial models, mercantile network control, confliet and
conquest, conversion of military commanders into administrators, political
power through monumental cosmic reproduction, and elite power
through ideological change. It discusses specific archaeological data useful
in theoretieal construction.
In the Introduction, a discussion of different developmental processes
of urban societies is made. The Eastern Anatolian example emphasizes the
role played by interregional exchange networks linking the Mesopotamian
plains with the Syro-Anatolian regions. The emergence of an elite is related
with the control of the movement of craft goods and raw materials, more
than with the appropriation of subsistence goods. The Chinese example
stresses the importance of conflict provoked by demographie pressures on
resources.
The Mesoamerican cases relate to vast urban developments and manu
facturing centers, ideological importance of monumental planning, and
changing behavior of elites.
The Andean cases are related either to the transformation of theocratie
leadership into military administrators oe to the agricultural intensification
model.
These papers were presented in a preliminary version in a symposium
entitled "Emergence and Change in Earty Urban Societies" at the XIII
International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in
Mexico City, July-August 1993. The different cases were selected to give a
ix
x PREFACE
full vision of different models and sets of data. Students and scholars
interested in comparative studies of early urban societies will be attracted
to debate these examples.
I thank the participants and audience of this symposium, as weIl as all
of the contributors of this volume for the requested revisions. Finally; I also
thank the editors of the series Fundamental Issues in Arcbaeology, Gary
Feinman and T. Douglas Price, as weIl as the editor at Plenum, Eliot Wemer,
for their enthusiasm and support.
Contents
PART I. INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 • Early Urban Societies: Challenges and
Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Linda Manzanilla
An Apology for Redistributive Society in Mesopotamia . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The Egyptian Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
The Andean Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The Basin of Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27
PART 11. OLD WORLD
Chapter 2 • Arslantepe-Malatya: External Factors and
Local Components in the Development
of an Early State Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
Marcella Frangipane
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43
Arslantepe in Eastern Anatolia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
Monumental Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 47
Administrative System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49
Pottery Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 55
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
xi