Embryology at a Glance PDF
Preview Embryology at a Glance
Embryology at a Glance This title is also available as an e‐book. For more details, please see www.wiley.com/buy/9781118910801 or scan this QR code: Embryology at a Glance Second Edition Samuel Webster Senior Lecturer in Anatomy & Embryology Medical School Swansea University Swansea, UK Rhiannon de Wreede Honorary Lecturer College of Medicine Swansea University Swansea, UK This edition first published 2016 © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Previous edition © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148‐5020, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell The right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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Cover image: ©Steve Atherton Set in 9.5/11.5pt Minion by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 1 2016 Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations ix Timeline x About the companion website xi Part 1 Early development 1 1 Embryology in medicine 2 2 Language of embryology 4 3 Introduction to development 6 4 Cell signalling genes 8 5 Embryonic and foetal periods 10 6 Mitosis 12 7 Meiosis 14 8 Spermatogenesis 16 9 Oogenesis 18 10 Fertilisation 20 11 From zygote to blastocyst 22 12 Implantation 24 13 Placenta 26 14 Gastrulation 28 15 Germ layers 30 16 Stem cells 32 17 Neurulation 34 18 Neural crest cells 36 19 Body cavities (embryonic) 38 20 Folding of the embryo 40 21 Segmentation 42 22 Somites 44 Part 2 Systems development 47 23 Skeletal system (ossification) 48 24 Skeletal system 50 25 Muscular system 52 26 Musculoskeletal system: limbs 54 27 Circulatory system: heart tube 56 28 Circulatory system: heart chambers 58 29 Circulatory system: blood vessels 60 30 Circulatory system: embryonic veins 62 31 Circulation system: changes at birth 64 32 Respiratory system 66 33 Digestive system: gastrointestinal tract 68 34 Digestive system: associated organs 70 35 Digestive system: congenital anomalies 72 36 Urinary system 74 v 37 Reproductive system: ducts and genitalia 76 38 Reproductive system: gonads 78 39 Endocrine system 80 40 Head and neck: arch I 82 41 Head and neck: arch II 84 42 Head and neck: arch III 86 43 Head and neck: arches IV–VI 88 44 Central nervous system 90 45 Peripheral nervous system 92 46 The ear 94 47 The eye 96 48 Antenatal screening 98 Self-assessment MCQs 100 Self-assessment MCQ answers 104 Self-assessment EMQs 105 Self-assessment EMQ answers 107 Glossary 108 Index 112 vi Preface We wrote this book for our students; those studying medicine and to get to grips with early concepts. Hopefully we have addressed with us, those listening to the podcasts wherever they may these difficulties with this book. be, and those studying the other forms that biology takes We hope that you will use this book to begin your studies of on their paths to whatever goals they may have in life. We have embryology and development, but also that you will return to it introduced many students to the fascinating and often surprising when preparing for assessments or checking your understanding. processes of embryological development, and we hope to do the You will find example assessment questions at the end of the book same in this book. It is written for anyone wondering, “where did I as well as a Glossary. come from?” Let this be the start of your integration of embryonic development The content of this book extends beyond the curricula of most with anatomy, to the ends of improved understanding and better medicine, health and bioscience teaching programmes in terms of patient care or scientific insight. breadth, but we have limited its depth. Many embryology textbooks Samuel Webster cover development in detail, but students struggle to get started, Rhiannon de Wreede vii Acknowledgements Thank you to Kim and Robin for being so encouraging and for leading us through this process and for their support and putting up with the time demands of completing this book. encouragement, and Jane Fallows for all her work with the We would also like to thank the editors at Wiley‐Blackwell illustrations. viii
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