EMBRACING THE OCCUPIERS PraegerSecurityInternationalAdvisoryBoard BoardCochairs LochK.Johnson,RegentsProfessorofPublicandInternationalAffairs,Schoolof PublicandInternationalAffairs,UniversityofGeorgia(U.S.A.) PaulWilkinson,ProfessorofInternationalRelationsandChairmanoftheAdvisory Board,CentrefortheStudyofTerrorismandPoliticalViolence,Universityof St.Andrews(U.K.) Members AnthonyH.Cordesman,ArleighA.BurkeChairinStrategy,CenterforStrategic andInternationalStudies(U.S.A.) The´re`seDelpech,DirectorofStrategicAffairs,AtomicEnergyCommission,and SeniorResearchFellow,CERI(FoundationNationaledesSciencesPolitiques), Paris(France) SirMichaelHoward,formerChicheleProfessoroftheHistoryofWarandRegis ProfessorofModernHistory,OxfordUniversity,andRobertA.LovettProfessorof MilitaryandNavalHistory,YaleUniversity(U.K.) LieutenantGeneralClaudiaJ.Kennedy,USA(Ret.),formerDeputyChiefofStaff forIntelligence,DepartmentoftheArmy(U.S.A.) PaulM.Kennedy,J.RichardsonDilworthProfessorofHistoryandDirector, InternationalSecurityStudies,YaleUniversity(U.S.A.) RobertJ.O’Neill,formerChicheleProfessoroftheHistoryofWar,AllSouls College,OxfordUniversity(Australia) ShibleyTelhami,AnwarSadatChairforPeaceandDevelopment,Departmentof GovernmentandPolitics,UniversityofMaryland(U.S.A.) FareedZakaria,Editor,NewsweekInternational(U.S.A.) EMBRACING THE OCCUPIERS Conversations with the Future Leaders of Afghanistan and Iraq Jeremy S. Block PRAEGERSECURITYINTERNATIONAL (cid:2) Westport,Connecticut London LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Block,JeremyS.,1977– Embracingtheoccupiers:conversationswiththefutureleadersofAfghanistan andIraq/JeremyS.Block. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–313–36534–8(alk.paper) 1.Fulbrightscholars—Iraq—Interviews. 2.Fulbrightscholars— Afghanistan—Interviews. 3.Iraq—Politicsandgovernment—2003–. 4.Afghanistan—Politicsandgovernment—2001–. 5.UnitedStates—Politicsand government—2001– I.Title. DS769.B56 2009 956.7044(cid:2)3—dc22 2008047532 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable. Copyright(cid:3)C 2009byJeremyS.Block Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2008047532 ISBN:978–0–313–36534–8 Firstpublishedin2009 PraegerSecurityInternational,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881 AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc. www.praeger.com PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is dedicated to my late Pop Pop, Herman Block—a man who loved people and their stories. And to the millions upon millions of Afghans and Iraqis who have been slaughtered, maimed, raped, tortured, exiled, and never had a chance to share their stories. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 An American Setting 13 Chapter 2 Coming of Age in Afghanistan and Iraq 35 Chapter 3 Tales of Exile, Struggle, and Redemption 57 Chapter 4 You Say Occupation, I Say Liberation 83 Chapter 5 We Have Landed 109 Chapter 6 Islam, Culture, and the “War on Terror” 135 Chapter 7 After? 161 Epilogue 189 Index 193 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS No one has been more supportive in this endeavor than my fiance´ AfsiKhot.Icouldneverhavewadedthroughthepilesofrejection letters with a smile on my face if she wasn’t there the whole time smiling along with me. My editor, Timothy Furnish, has been supportive of this project the entire time and, when not writing about the mahdi or the caliphate, is one hell of a nice guy. I would also like to thank all of the support staff at Greenwood Press who have been very patient and attentive to all of my little idiosyncratic requests. My parents, though skeptical when I told themIwasquittingmyjobtowritethisbook,havealsobeenvery supportive and I could never have completed this without them. I would also like to thank the following people for their help with edits—both grammar and substance wise. My aunt Judy KatzwasextremelyhelpfulwithherinitialeditsandIhopeacopy of this book will put a smile on her face. My good friend, Scott Shanley, gave excellent advice on ways to make the characters come to life—hopefully his own book will be published soon. My friend and neighbor Mark Resnick seemed at times more enthusi- astic than me about this project and helped in every way he could with his connections. I would also like to thank Elly Weisenberg for her initial help with giving my proposal a little life. My friend Michael Auerbach gave me encouraging pearls of wisdom on how to market this book. Terrorism analyst, Peter Bergen,
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