Embodiment : a history PDF
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i Embodiment oxford philosophical concepts ii Oxford Philosophical Concepts Christia Mercer, Columbia University Series Editor Published in the Oxford Philosophical Concepts Efficient Causation Eternity Edited by Tad Schmaltz Edited by Yitzhak Melamed Sympathy Self- Knowledge Edited by Eric Schliesser Edited by Ursula Renz The Faculties Embodiment Edited by Dominik Perler Edited by Justin E. H. Smith Memory Dignity Edited by Dmitri Nikulin Edited by Remy Debes Moral Motivation Edited by Iakovos Vasiliou Forthcoming in the Oxford Philosophical Concepts Animals Pleasure Edited by G. Fay Edwards and Edited by Lisa Shapiro Peter Adamson Persons Evil Edited by Antonia LoLordo Edited by Andrew Chignell Space Health Edited by Andrew Janiak Edited by Peter Adamson iii oxford philosophical concepts Embodiment A HISTORY j Edited by Justin E. H. Smith 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Smith, Justin E. H., editor. Title: Embodiment / edited by Justin Smith. Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2017. | Series: Oxford philosophical concepts series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016033659 (print) | LCCN 2017006030 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190490454 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780190490447 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780190490478 (online course) | ISBN 9780190490461 (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Human body (Philosophy) Classification: LCC B105.G64 E43 2017 (print) | LCC B105.G64 (ebook) | DDC 128/.6—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033659 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Paperback printed by WebCom, Inc., Canada Hardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America v This book is dedicated to the memory of Helen Lang (1947– 2016). vi vii Contents Series Editor’s Foreword ix Contributors xi Introduction 1 Justin E. H. Smith 1 The Body of Western Embodiment: Classical Antiquity and the Early History of a Problem 17 Brooke Holmes 2 Embodied or Ensouled: Aristotle on the Relation of Soul and Body 51 Helen Lang 3 Beautiful Bodies and Shameful Embodiment in Plotinus’s Enneads 69 Lesley- Anne Dyer Williams 4 Augustinian Puzzles about Body, Soul, Flesh, and Death 87 Sarah Catherine Byers 5 Medieval Jewish Philosophers and the Human Body 109 Yoav Meyrav 6 Scholastic Philosophers on the Role of the Body in Knowledge 143 Rafael Nájera viii viii Contents 7 Hobbes’s Embodied God 171 Geoffrey Gorham 8 Leibniz’s View of Living Beings: Embodied or Nested Individuals 189 Ohad Nachtomy 9 Descartes and Spinoza: Two Approaches to Embodiment 215 Alison Peterman 10 Man- Machines and Embodiment: From Cartesian Physiology to Claude Bernard’s “Living Machine” 241 Philippe Huneman and Charles T. Wolfe 11 The Embodiment of Virtue: Toward a Cross- Cultural Cognitive Science 277 Jake H. Davis Reflections The Devil in the Flesh: On Witchcraft and Possession 299 Véronique Decaix Phantom Limbs 307 Stephen Gaukroger Embodied Geometry in Early Modern Theatre 311 Yelda Nasifoglu Ghosts in the Celestial Machine: A Reflection on Late Renaissance Embodiment 317 Jonathan Regier The Genotype/ Phenotype Distinction 325 Emily Herring BIBLIOGRAPHY 331 Index 357 ix Series Editor’s Foreword Oxford Philosophical Concepts (OPC) offers an innovative approach to philosophy’s past and its relation to other disciplines. As a series, it is unique in exploring the transformations of central philosophical concepts from their ancient sources to their modern use. OPC has several goals: to make it easier for historians to contextual- ize key concepts in the history of philosophy, to render that history accessible to a wide audience, and to enliven contemporary discussions by displaying the rich and varied sources of philosophical concepts still in use today. The means to these goals are simple enough: eminent scholars come together to rethink a central concept in philosophy’s past. The point of this rethinking is not to offer a broad overview, but to identify problems the concept was originally supposed to solve and investigate how approaches to them shifted over time, sometimes radi- cally. Recent scholarship has made evident the benefits of reexamining the standard narratives about western philosophy. OPC’s editors look beyond the canon and explore their concepts over a wide philosophical landscape. Each volume traces a notion from its inception as a solution to specific problems through its historical transformations to its mod- ern use, all the while acknowledging its historical context. Each OPC volume is a history of its concept in that it tells a story about chang- ing solutions to its well- defined problem. Many editors have found it appropriate to include long- ignored writings drawn from the Islamic
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