Embedded Systems: Analysis and Modeling with SysML, UML and AADL

294 Pages·2013·5.3 MB·English

by  Fabrice Kordon

Table of Contents
Foreword
Foreword
Introduction
PART 1 General Concepts
Chapter 1 Elements for the Design of Embedded Computer Systems
1.1. Introduction
1.2. System modeling
1.3. A brief presentation of UML
1.4. Model-driven development approaches
1.5. System analysis
1.6. Methodological aspects of the development of
embedded computer systems
1.7. Conclusion
1.8. Bibliography
Chapter 2 Case Study: Pacemaker
2.1. Introduction
2.2. The heart and the pacemaker
2.3. Case study specification
2.4. Conclusion
2.5. Bibliography
PART 2 SysML
Chapter 3 Presentation of SysML Concepts
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The origins of SysML
3.3. General overview: the nine types of diagrams
3.4. Modeling the requirements
3.5. Structural modeling
3.6. Dynamic modeling
3.7. Transverse modeling
3.8. Environment and tools
3.9. Conclusion
3.10. Bibliography
Chapter 4 Modeling of the Case Study Using SysML
4.1. Introduction
4.2. System specification
4.3. System design
4.4. Traceability and allocations
4.5. Test model
4.6. Conclusion
4.7. Bibliography
Chapter 5 Requirements Analysis
5.1. Introduction
5.2. The AVATAR language and the TTool tool
5.3. An AVATAR expression of the SysML model of the
enhanced pacemaker
5.4. Architecture
5.5. Behavior
5.6. Formal verification of the VVI mode
5.7. Related work
5.8. Conclusion
5.9. Appendix: TTool
5.10. Bibliography
PART 3 MARTE
Chapter 6 An Introduction to MARTE Concepts
6.1. Introduction
6.2. General remarks
6.3. Several MARTE details
6.4. Conclusion
6.5. Bibliography
Chapter 7 Case Study Modeling Using MARTE
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Software analysis
7.3. Preliminary software design – the architectural
component
7.4. Software preliminary design – behavioral component
7.5. Conclusion
7.6. Bibliography
Chapter 8 Model-Based Analysis
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Model and requirements to be verified
8.3. Modelchecking of the requirements
8.4. Context exploitation
8.5. Assessment
8.6. Conclusion
8.7. Bibliography
Chapter 9 Model-Based Deployment and Code Generation
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Input models
9.3. Generation of the implementation model
9.4. Code generation
9.5. Support tools
9.6. Conclusion
9.7. Bibliography
PART 4 AADL
Chapter 10 Presentation of the AADL Concepts
10.1. Introduction
10.2. General ADL concepts
10.3. AADLv2, an ADL for design and analysis
10.4. Taxonomy of the AADL entities
10.5. AADL annexes
10.6. Analysis of AADL models
10.7. Conclusion
10.8. Bibliography
Chapter 11 Case Study Modeling Using AADL
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Review of the structure of a pacemaker
11.3. AADL modeling of the structure of the pacemaker
11.4. Overview of the functioning of the pacemaker
11.5. AADL modeling of the software architecture of the
pulse generator
11.6. Modeling of the deployment of the pacemaker
11.7. Conclusion
11.8. Bibliography
Chapter 12 Model-Based Analysis
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Behavioral validation, per mode and global
12.3. Conclusion
12.4. Bibliography
Chapter 13 Model-Based Code Generation
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Software component generation
13.3. Middleware components generation
13.4. Configuration and deployment of middleware
components
13.5. Integration of the compilation chain
13.6. Conclusion
13.7. Bibliography
List of Authors
Index

First published 2013 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or
criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any
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in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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www.wiley.com
©ISTE Ltd 2013
The rights of Fabrice Kordon, Jérôme Hugues, Agusti Canals and Alain Dohet to
be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932630
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-84821-500-9
Foreword
I am pleased to be asked to write this preface for two reasons. One was to
provide fair evidence in favor of pre-existing prejudices. The other was to see
the use of the PACEMAKER System Specification as a common subject for the
application of SysML, MARTE, and AADL.
Previously only familiar with SysML and MARTE through presentation and
tutorial, I expanded and sharpened my understanding of their adaptability to each
user’s (company’s) needs. From UML, SysML and MARTE come notations that
neither prescribe nor proscribe design methods or tools. The power of defining
one’s own semantics comes at the cost of defining one’s own semantics.
In the domain of embedded electronic control systems using software, AADL
reigns supreme. I serve on SAE International AS-2C standard subcommittee that
issues the AADL standard and its annex documents, so please understand my
enthusiasm in the context of a true believer. AADL is not suitable for modeling
an entire aircraft, just its avionics. Where SysML/MARTE hands-off to AADL
for electronics and software architecture should be at the “edge” of the
electronics (sensors, actuators, displays). Lowest-level SysML/MARTE
components trace to top-level AADL components.
Tracing between SysML and AADL might be done using RDALTE1 2 which
links requirements to architecture. Currently RDALTE links to AADL, using
OSATE2, but it is designed to be architecture agnostic. To easily add linking to
SysML/MARTE models is a feature of RDALTE.
More personally, the PACEMAKER System Specification used in this book
and many published papers was provided by Boston Scientific for use in
research and education as a public service. Its origin was serendipitous.
While attending Formal Methods 2006 held at McMaster University in
Hamilton, Ontario, I happened to catch a ride with Jim Woodcock. Jim
originated the Verification Grand Challenge problem of a Mondex electronic
wallet used as the subject of several papers at the conference. Mondex was a
clean, simple problem for which a specification had been written in Z. Given the
dearth of conference attendees from industry Jim pounced upon me exhorting a
“real-world” problem, complex enough to challenge formal methodologies, but
not so large as to preclude use by small, academic teams. I told him I’d try to
find such a problem.
Rooting around, I found a concise, system specification of a pacemaker
designed in the 1990s that was company confidential. However, the company’s
confidentiality policy made no mention of publicly releasing confidential
documents akin to declassification of secrets. Therefore approval of public
release would need to come from upper management. With the assistance of
many people in Boston Scientific’s Formal Methods Group, the document was
converted to LaTeX, stripped of proprietary content and mentions of Boston
Scientific products, and repeatedly reviewed. The Software Quality Research
Laboratory at McMaster University agreed to host the document and its FAQ3.
Finally, all approvals were obtained, and the document released, six months after
that fateful car ride with Jim.
This book succinctly explains three popular languages used to model systems,
each complex subjects themselves, in remarkably few pages. Those that want to
understand fundamental concepts and differences of SysML, MARTE, and
AADL will find this book’s use of a common subject helpful.
Brian R. LARSON
Research Associate, Kansas State University
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Scholar in Residence
March 2013
1 Requirements Development and Analysis Language Tool Environment.
2 See AADL information center at http://www.aadl.info for more details.
3 http://sqrl.mcmaster.ca/pacemaker.htm