Embedded Systems

255 Pages·2011·8.183 MB·English

by  Kothari, Dwarkadas Pralhaddas

Embedded
Systems
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Embedded
Systems
D.P. Kothari Shriram K Vasudevan
FNAE, FNASc B.E., M.Tech.,
Fellow-IEEE Senior Engineer in MNC
Director General, VITS, Indore Chennai
Former Vice-Chancellor
VIT University, Vellore
Former Director i/c, IIT, Delhi
Formerly Principal, VRCE, Nagpur
Sundaram R M D Murali N
B.E.(Electronics & Communication B.E.(Electrical & Electronics), M.Tech,
Engineering), M.Tech Lecturer in Nizwa College of Technology,
Developer in MNC Oman
Bengaluru
Copyright © 2012, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers
Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers
All rights reserved.
No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography,
or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or
mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be
emailed to [email protected]
ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-3498-9
PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS
4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002
Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
Dedication
Kothari, D.P.—To son-in-laws Pankaj and Rahul
Shriram K Vasudevan—To Parents and Sister
Sundaram R M D—To Mom and Dad
Murali N.—To Friends and Parents
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Preface
Embedded Systems, present almost everywhere, have occupied an inevitable
place in the market. We, the consumers, live with Embedded Systems all the
way, be watches, mobile phones, refrigerators, cars, music systems and
what not…
Even the medical field is fully supported with the modern equipments which
too, are embedded systems. Embedded Systems occupy a vital place in military
as well, where weapons mostly come under this category. Automobile industry
will become handicapped without Embedded Systems.
In this book, every topic has been supported with practical examples. In
addition, the programming concepts have been fully supported with simple and
elegant C codes which have been executed in Linux OS as well.
After every chapter, the reader is presented with a set of interesting quiz
questions, which will make the reader think for sure. In short, it will be good
and friendly learning experience for the reader.
We have covered the basics of Embedded Systems in Chapter-1 followed
by building blocks (components) of the system. Then the book moves towards
the design methodologies and modeling of Embedded Systems in Chapter-3.
Layered approach is being followed in building an Embedded System. This
approach has been discussed in Chapter-4. Chapters-5 and 6 cover the basics
of operating system and programming with C in Linux. Chapter-7 is on networks
for Embedded Systems. Then microcontrollers are discussed in the next two
chapters which include 8051 to latest ARM controllers. A practical example is
also indepth discussed in chapter-11 after discussing the coding guidelines in
chapter-10.
viii Preface
We wish to thank all the good hearts who have helped us in this project. In
particular, we wish to thank Subashri V, Sriram Karthik, Sivaraman R, and
Sunandhini M for their immense help and support in bringing the book to a good
shape.
We welcome any constructive criticism of the book and will be grateful
for an appraisal by the readers. The suggestion can be sent to
[email protected]
D.P. Kothari
Shriram K Vasudevan
Sundaram R M D
Murali N.
Contents
Preface vii
1. Embedded Systems—An Introduction 1—10
1.1 Basic Idea on System 1
1.2 Embedded Systems – Definitions 1
1.3 Characteristics of Embedded Systems – An Overview
with Examples 2
1.4 Challenges in Designing an Embedded System 6
1.5 Categorization of Embedded Systems 7
1.6 Examples of Embedded Systems 8
1.7 Quiz 9
2. Components of Embedded Systems 11—30
2.1 Understanding of Microprocessor and Microcontroller 11
2.2 Functional Building Blocks of Embedded Systems 12
2.3 Processor and Controller 13
2.4 Memory, Ports and Communication Devices 14
2.4.1 Memory 15
2.4.2 Ports 16
2.4.3 Communication Devices 16
2.5 CISC vs. RISC Processors 17
2.6 General Purpose Processor and DSP Processor 18
2.7 Direct Memory Access 19
2.8 Cache Memory and its Types 22
2.9 Co-design of Hardware and Software 23