Elements of structural syntax

571 Pages·2015·19.221 MB·English

by  Tesnière, Lucien

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asf otrh pea tieenxceer ciwsheednc onfronwtietdth h ed ifficualntdt ediotypuess etting.
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Tabloef c ontents
Liosfst t emma s XVII
TranslIanttorrosd'u ction XXIX
Forewords LXXV
Preftaotc hefie r osrti geidniatli on LXXVII
Preftaotc hese e coonrdi geidniatli on LXXXI
PART1. Thec onnection
BOOKA .P reamble 3
I.S tructure
Chap1t.eTh rec onnec3t ion
Chap2t.He ri eraorfcc ohnyn ect5i ons
Chap3t.Ne or daen sdt emm6a
Chap4t.Se trr ucotrudre9ar l
Chap5t.Te hrs ep okcehna i1n0
Chap6t.Se tr rucatnuldri anoler adre nr
a)O rder
Chap7t.Aern tinboemtyw seternu catnuldri anle ar 1o3 rder
Chap8t.De irr ecotfli ionne ari1z5a tion
Chap9t.Se trr oircdte1 r7
b)A dherence
Chap1t0eThr.e w ord1 8
Chap1te1Ar.g g luti2n0a tion
c)C lassification
Chap1t2eC.rl assiofiflcaantgiuoan2g 1e s
Chap1t3.eH ru mbolhdits'tsoa rntidyc paoll colgaifisccsaailt i2o3n
Chap1t4eC.rl assiaficccaiotnritgdoot n h e diorfle icnteiaorni 2z5a tion
II. Form
Chap1t5eS.ry ntamxo rapnhdo l2o7g y
Chap1t6eM.ro rpholmoagrikcea2rl8s
Chap1t7eTh.re z ermoa rke2r9
Chap1t.e8Th re i ntroisvmpeee tchto3d0
IlFlu.n ction
Chap1t9.eS rt rucatnfudnur cet i3o2n
IV.M eaning
Chap2t0eD.ri stingbueitswhseriteunncg t aunrde mea3n3i ng
Chap2t1eR.re latioofns sthriupcastn muder aen i3n5g
Chap2t2eTh.re n ucle3u8s
viiiT ablec oonft ents
Chap2t3eT.rh dei ssocniuactlee4du0 s
Chap2t4eC.ra tego4r1i es
Chap2t5eC.ra tegaonrfdiun ecst io4n2s
Chap2t6eS.rt aatniddcy namoircd e4r3
V.T ypeosfw ords
Chap2t7eT.rra dititoynpoaefwls o rd4s4
Chpate2r8F .u alnled m pywt ord4s6
Chap2t9.eC ron stitauntsdiu vbes iwdoiradr4sy8
Chap3t0eV.rar iaabnliden varwioarbdl5se1
Chap3t1eF.ru wlolr d5s2
Chap3t2eT.ryp eosff l uwlo rd5s4
Chap3t3eS.ry mbaonltsdh vei rtsueanlt e5n6c e
Chap3t4eT.rh e no5u9n
Chap3t5eT.rh aed ject6i1 ve
Chap3t6eT.rh vee rb6 4
Chap3t7eT.rh aed ver6b7
Chap3t8eE.rm ptwyo rd7s3
Chap3t9.eJ ru ncti7v4e s
Chap4t0eT.rra nslat7i5v es
Chap4t1eI.rn dic7e6s
Chap4t2eA.rn aphcoornince c7t8i on
ChapteArn a4p3h.o 8r3s
Chap4t4eT.rh me ethoofcd o mpowsoirtde8s 5
VIT.y epso fs entences
ChapteSre n4t5ew.no cred8 s8
Chap4t6eC.rl assifoifsc eanttiweoonnrc de9s 1
ChapteTryp e4s7s .eo nft en94c es
BOOKB .S trucotftu hrseei mpsleen tence 97
I.V erbnaold e
Chap4t8eT.rh vee rbnaold e97
Chap4t9.eS ru bjaencpdtr edic9a8t e
a)A ctants
Chap5t0eA.rc tan1t0s0
Chap5t1eT.ryp eosfa catn t1s0 2
Chap5t2eT.ryp eosfa ctantsl aancgruoa1sg0se6 s
Chap5t3eP.re rsonnoauln1 s0 9
Chap5t4eG.re ndoefpr e rsonnoauln1 s1 2
Chap5t5eN.ru mbienrp ersonnoauln1 s1 5
Tabolcfeo ntenitxs
b}C irucmstants
Chapt5e6rC. i rcuamnstutsS
Chapt5e7rT. he d ivildiibnneegt weaecnt aanntds circu1m2s1t ants
c)D irseucobtr idnaotfte hsve e rb
Chapt5e8rT. h set rucotftu hvreee ra bnl ode Gienra mn 122
Chap5t9eI.rn cdeis1 25
Chapt6e0rO. b lipqeures lio nndaic1e2s8
Chapt6e1rI. n diacnecdso njuga1t32i ons
Chapte6r2 O.b jeccnotuj giaotn13 5
IIN.o minal node
Chapt6e3rT. h aet triabjduetvcietv 1ie3 9
Chapte6r4 T.he a ttribuatdijveeci tnmi itivgea ltaendg ua14g2e s
Chpat6er5N .o na-jdeicvtaatlt rib1u4t5e s
Chpate6r6T .h per edtiiacvdaej ec1t5i0v e
Chapt6e7rS. e ntewnict'ehbs e 1'5 4
Chap6t8eP.rr d eitceaosft hsee coanndtd h dia rctan1t5s7
Chapte6r9 T.h aep opsit1i5o9n
Chapetr7 0Th.e a djeictnai povpsei ti1o6n2
Chapt7e1rT. h aepo stro1p6h5e
Chap7t2eT.rh per eocjnto ifao ctan1t6s9
Chapt7e3rTh. e n ominsaeln te1n7c4e
IlAld.jc etinvoadle
Chapte7r4 T.he a djectniovdae1l 7 9
Chap7t5eT.rhe a djecsteinvtael1n 8c3e
IVA.d vrebianlo de
Chap7t6eTh.re a dvrebinaold e1 84
Chap7t7eTh.re avderbsieanlt e1n8c6e
BOOKc .Q usetiaonnnd e giaotn 191
Chapte7r8 Q.u etsinao nnde gtaino 191
Chap7t9eN.ruc leianrt eatrirvo1eg9 2
Chapt8e0rG. e neirnatloe gartriwvoer d1s9 4
Chapte8r1 R.e infionertrcretodig wvaoer idnFs r ehn c
Chap8t2eB.ri nucilnetaertrv ireos2g 0a1
Chap8t3eC.ro nnecitnitvgeear triov2e0s3
Chapte8r4 Th.e m arkoefcr o ncnitveei ntoegriarvte2s0 6
Chapte8r5 R.e spotnocs noenset ciivnet geartrio2v1e0s
Chap8t6eE.rx claatmiv2e1s5
Chap8t7eN.ru clneeagra t2i1o7n
x Tabloefc o ntents
Chap8t8eC.ro ncnteinveeg ati2o1n8s
Chap8t9eA.rn ticinpeagtaitn2ig2o 1n
Chap9t0eA.rg reemoefjn utn ctwiivtnehes g at2i2o2n
Chap9t.e1D ro uble-tnregiagtgiienFor rn e nc2h2 4
Chap9t2eT.rh Fer endcihsr cdoant2i2a4l
Chap9t3eF.rr enfcohr clu2s2i7v es
Chap9t4eE.rx tensieovno ilaouonntfdd ouble-ntergiagtg2ie2or9n
Chap9t5eD.ro ubnleeg ati23o2n
Chap9t6eP.re rmenaebglaet 2i3o5n
BOOKD .V alency
Chap9t7eV.ral enacnyvd o ic2e3 9
Chap9t8eAr.v alveenrtb 2s4 0
Chap9t9eM.ro novavleernbt2s 4 1
Chap1te0r0T .ra nsvietribv2se4 3
Chap1te0r1Th e.a ctdiivaet h2e4s4i s
Chap1t2e0.rTh ep assdiivaet h2e4s5i s
Chap1t3e0.rTh er eflexive24 8d iathesis
Chap1t4e0.rTh er eflepxoisvseea sdsjievcet2 i5v3e
Chap1te0r5T .hre e cipdrioactahl2e 5s5is
Chapt1e0r6T .ri vavleernb2ts5 6
Chap1t7e0.rV ariatiinto hnneu mboefar c tants 260
Chap1t8e0.rT hcea usadtiiavteht ehnseie swa, c ta2n6t1
Chap1te0r9C .a usaatnipdva esv sei 264
Chap1te1.r0C ausaatnirdve ef leixnFi rveen c2h6 5
Chap1te11r.N e wv alen2c6y7
Chap1t2e1.rA nalytmiacrakloe frn se wv alen2c6y8
Chap1t3e1r.S ynetthmiacr koefr sn veawl en2c6y9
Chap1t4e1.rN ewv alewnictyzh e ramo a rke2r7 3
Chap1t5e1.rTh er ecesdsiiavtehw eistairh se flemxairvkee2 r7 4
Chap1t6e1r.Th er ecesdsiiavtehw eistaiph sa svsemi arke2r7 8
Chap1t7e1.rT hree cesdsiiavtehw eistaizh se rmoa rke2r7 9
Chap1t8e1.rD ieffrednetg roefte hsre e cess28iov e
Chap1t9e1.rC ausaatnirdve ec esisnFi rveen c2h8 3
BOOKE .M etataxis
Chap1te2r0M .e tata2x8i5s
Chap1te2r1S i.m pmleet ata2x8i6s
Chap1te2r2I .nv erosfai cotna n2t8s8
Chap1t3e2.rD oubilnev erosfai cotna nts 289
Chap1te2r4I .nv erosfai cotna anntcdsi rcums2t9a2n ts
Tabolfec ontentxsi
125.
Chapter Metataaxnidts h pea ssi2v9e4
126.
Chapter Metataaxnidcs a usati2v9e5s
127.
ChapterM etataaxnidas n ti-caus3a00t ive
128.
Chapter Semanrteivce rosfna old ecso nnecvteerdt ic3a0l1l y
129.
Chapter Changoeft hset ructural3 0c4e nter
130.
Chapter Resultaadtvievreb3 1s0
Chapt13e1r. M ovemeanntdd isplace3m1e1n t
Chapt13e2r. C hangoeft hset ructcuernatvlei rsa u bordina3t1i3o n
Chapt13e3r. Parataanxdhi ysp otax31i6s
PART n. Junction 325
Chapt13e4r. C omplicaotfti hoseni sm psleen ten3c2e5
Chapt13e5r. D uplaitciaonndj uncti3o2n6
Chapt1e3r6 G.r aphriecp resent3a2t8i ons
Chapt1e3r7 J.u nctwiiotnh oaju utn cti3v2e9
Chapt13e8r.L inevaarr ieotfji uensc ti3v3e2s
139.
ChapterS emanvtairci eotfji uensc ti3v3e4s
Chapt1e4r0 A. ntinojmuincc ti3v34e s
Chapt1e4r1D .i alejcutnicct i3v3e8s
Chapt1e4r2 J.u stificationa3l3 9j unctives
Chapt1e43r. S tructvuarriaeoltf jy u ncti3o4n1
Chapt1e4r4P l.e xu34s4
Chapt1e4r5.B ifsiedn ten3c4e9s
Chapt1e46r:D oubblief id3i5t2y
147.
ChapterS entenwcietcsho mparis3o54n
148.
ChapterS entenwcietashc omparat3i5v6e
Chapt1e4r9A .n aphojruincc ti3o5n8
Chapt1e5r0C . onnecjtuinvcet i3o6n0
PART III.T ransfer 363
BOOK A. Introduction
I.Th eory
Chapt1e5r1.T het heoorfty r ans3fe6r5
152.
Chapter Them echaniosftm r ans3f6er8
153.
ChapterT her ole iamnpdo rtaonftc rea ns3f6er9
Chapt1e5r4 Th.e terminoolfto rgayn sf37e0r
Chapt1e5r5T. heg raprheipc resenotfta rtainosnf3 7e1r
156.
ChapterT ransifnse tre mma3s7 3
Chapt1e5r7. T ranslaantdin vuec leu37s5
xii Tabloefc ontents
Chap1te5r8Th .el eia fnedvo lutoifto rna enrs 3f76
Chap1te5r9Th .es urvoiftv raaln s3f7e9r
Chap1t0e6.rM arkoefrts r safne3r8 1
Chpate1r6 1The.a gglutionfta rtaaintosinlv 3e8s2
Chap1t2e6r.T ranswfietrha om uatr ke3r8 4
Chapt1e6r3T .ra nsafnedr lin3g8u5i sts
IIV.ar ieties
Chap1te6r4V .ar ieotiftae rnss fiensr t emma3s8 9
Chap1t5e6.rN uclear ovfta rraienerst 3fi9e1s
Chap1t6er6F .o rmtarla enrs3 f93
Chap1te6r7C .a toergivcaarli eotfti reaesnr s3 f96
Chapt1e6r8A .t tenutaartnesfd3e 9r8
Chap1t9e6.rI ndic4e0s0
Chap1t0e7.rTh ea uxilviearrb4 y0 2
Chap1te7r1E m.p tpyr ever4b03s
Chap1t2e7.rF unctivaorniaeoltf ti reaesnr s 4f05
Chpate1r37 .S emanvtairci eotft ireaesnr s 4f06
Chapt1e7r4D .e raitvio4n0 7
Chapt1e7r5C .o mposi4t0i9o n
IIIC.l assification
Chapt1e7r6C .l assifiocfattfhcaietoo snft rans4f1e2r
BOOKB .F irst-tdreagenrrsse,ife m ptlreae nrs f
Chapt1e7r7T .r aenrso ffas pecaidefijcct tiovan e o u(nA >0 ) 415
Chapr1t 7e8T.r aenrso ffag eneardajle cttoain voeu( nA> 0) 418
Chapt1e7r9T .r aenrso ffa na dvetroabn ou(n>E 0)4 20
Chap1t0e8.rTh e infinit4i2v1e
Chap1te18r.Th e e volutoifto hnie n finit4i2v3e
Chap1t2e8.rTh ei nfinictliavue4s 2e4
Chap1t3e8r.I nfieocrro ncnteitoont shi en finit4i2v7e
Chap1t4e8r.S upercioonrn ecotfti hoienn sfit niiv4e2 9
Chap1t5e8.rI nfiintiavneddsi athe4s3i1s
Chap1te8r6I .n fiintiavnemdso od4 33
Chap1t7e8.rI nfiniatnitdv eemsp ocraatle go4r3i5e s
Chap1t8e8r.I nfinvieat nipde rso4n3 7
Chap1t9e8.rI nfiniatnindvu emsb e4r4 0
Chap1te9r0I .n finvieastn ide xtens4i4o1n
Chap1te9r1I >.0 t raenrws ifthaonui tn finit4i4v2e
Chap1te9r2T .ra nsoffae rn otuoand escriapdtjievc(et0> i Av)e 4 44
Chap1te9r3T .r anosfaen ro utnoa na djectoifcv oelo ormr a teri4a4l7
Chapt1e9r4T .r aenrso ffan oun taojd eavcnet( i0> A) 449
Chap1t9e5rT. ra nesrof fan outnoa na djecotfqi uvied d4i5t2y
Chap1t9e6rI. n verse saunsadtd ajnetctitrviaaevnlras 4lf5 5
Chap1t9e7rT. ra nesrof fa na dvetroab na djec(tE>i A)v e4 57
Chap1t9e8rTh. e p artic4i5p8l e
Chap1t9e9rTh. e p articipl4e6 1c lause
Chap2t0e0Er.v oluotfi optnah trei ci4p6l3e
Chap2t0e1rT. ra nsoffeanr o utnoa na dve(r0>b E )4 67
ChapterT ra2ne0sr2of .fan outnoa na dve(0r >bE )b yc ase46 9
Chap2t0e3rT. r ansoffane or utnoa na dve(r0>b E w)i thaom uatr ke4r7 2
Chap2t0e4rT. rn asvalua473t ion
Chap2t0e5rT. ra nesrof fa na djecttoai nav dev e(rA>bE ) 476
Chap2t0e6rT. ra nsofefavr e rtboa na dvetrhbge,e rund4i7v9e
Chap2t0e7rS. i mptlreae nrs ftvoer ba4 79
Chap2t0e8rS. i mpslueb categoerr(ysA > At )raa nn(dsE >f E )4 80
BOOKc .F irst-tdreagenrrms,euf el ttirpalnes fer 483
I.D oubtlreae nrs f
Chap2t0e9rD. o ubtlreae nrs 4f83
Chap2t1e0rC. l assifiocfda otuibtolrnea ns4f8e4r
Chap2t1e1rD. o ub0l >eA >0 traenrws iftadh o ubmlaer ke4r8 6
Chap2t1e2rD. o ub0l >eA >0 t raenrs4 f88
Chap2t1e3rN. o undse notsihnigp4 s9 1
Chap2t1e4rI. n vetrrsaeenr 0s >f A0 > 942
Chap2t1e5rD. o ub0l >eA >0 traenrws ifth thet rsaeenrucs nofmnadr k4e9d4
Chap2t1e6Nr. o midnoaulb tlreae nres nfdiwnigt hl attshrtea enrAs >f0 495
Chap2t1e7rD. o ubIl>Ae >0 traenrs4 f96
Chap2t1e8rD. o ubtlreae nrws iftthhs ee cotnrdae nrsEafs>0 502
Chap2t1e9rD. o ubtlrea nwsifttehhrs e e cotnrda nass0f >e r A5 03
Chap2t2e0rD. o ub0l >eE > tAr nasefr5 05
Chap2t2e1rD. o ubIl 0e> > tAr aenrs5 f07
Chap2t2e2rD. o ubtlresa fnaecrc ortdoti hnfegro mula
A 0> > oEr E>0 >E 509
Chap2t2e3rD. o ubIl 0e> > E t rsafne5r1 0
Chap2t2e4rD. o ubtlreae nrws iftthhs ee cotnrdae nras sf AEo r>E > E5 14
Chap2t2e5rD. o ubtlreafe nrws hetrhese e cotnrdae nris vsfe rb5a1l9
Chap2t2e6rN. u cleelalri tprtaiencrsa5 fl2 2
Chap2t2e7rC. o nnecetlilvietp rtaiencrsa5 fl2 5
IIT.ri ptlrea enrs f
Chap2t2e8rT. ri ptlrea enrs5 f28
Chap2t2e9rT. ri ptlrea enres nfding0 w5i2t9h
Chap2t3e0rT. r itprlaeen res nfdiwnigtA h 5 33