Elements of physiology

1706.07 MB·

by  Müller, Johannes

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PHYSIOLOGY
ELEMENTS OF
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LONDON
:
PRINTED BY SAMUEL BENTLEY,
Dorset-Street, Fleet- Street.
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ELEMENTS PHYSIOLOGY.
OF
MULLER,
BY
M.D.
J.
AND PHYSIOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF
ANATOMY IN
PROFESSOR OF
BERLIN, ETC.
FROM THE GERMAN,
TRANSLATED
WITH
NOTES.
BY WILLIAM
BALY,
M.D.
GRADUATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BERLIN, AND PHYSICIAN TO THE
PANCRAS INFIRMARY.
ST.
• AND NUMEROUS
WITH
ILLUSTRATED STEEL PLATES,
—
WOOD
_
ENGRAVINGS.
•
-
' VOL.
I.
CONTAINING GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, THE BLOOD AND CIRCULATING SYSTEM, THE LYMPH AND
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION, SECRETION,
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, RESPIRATION, NUTRITION,
FUNCTIONS OF THE GLANDS WITHOUT EFFERENT DUCTS, EXCRETION,
DIGESTION,
AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
.
LONDON:
WALTON
PRINTED FOR TAYLOR AND
-
• BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
GOWER
UPPER
STREET.
28,
1838.
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Cambridge University Library,
permanent deposit from
Botany School
X
LONDON
PRINTED BY SAMUEL BENTLEY,
Dorset Fleet Street.
Street,
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
The
Translator feels that no other apology is necessary for
introducing work
the present to the British student of medicine
than afforded by the reputation of Author as a physiologist,
is its
and the high character which the work has acquired, not only
in
Germany,
but throughout Europe. was
Its translation suggested
him by whom
to Dr. George Burrows, to he has on several occa-
y
been
sions indebted for advice always given with the greatest
readiness.
To
render
a faithful version of the original has been the Trans-
lator's chief care; but at the same time he has found, that, to
make
it fitted to the wants of the student, something more was
re-
quired. In some
instances the order which and
in the facts, in-
ductions from them, has been
are stated, altered, that their con-
nection might
be easier of comprehension. In other has
cases
it
been deemed advisable to omit from the text, and to place in the
form of notes, discussions on subjects which, though
interesting
in
themselves, did not appear come what
to within the of
limits
is
Human
necessary
or on
desirable in a text-book physiology, parti-
when
cularly
they formed a digression which tended
to interfere
with the
course
of the student's reading some few paragraphs
;
have been
entirely omitted, chiefly with the view of avoiding un-
necessary To
repetition. facilitate the labours of the student, like-
wise, the paragraph where a new topic commences has been headed
with a
short
statement and wood-
of this in italics. Steel plates
which,
cuts, the Translator be found have
hopes, will useful, also
been
added.*
The
made
by
additions the Translator consist almost entirely
of
newly-discovered and consequently, on account of
facts, are the
W
engraved under
his
direction.
TRANSLATORS PREFACE.
VI
of the original work at the time of its publication in
completeness
by
number they are distinguished being included in
835, few in
1 ;
brackets.
numbers from the French to the EnglisMstand-
In reducing the
has been regarded of
ard of measurement, an English inch as \ §
sm
inch.
acknow-
The Translator cannot too strongly express his grateful
he has
ledgements the very kind and valuable assistance that
for
Q
Mr.
and their
Willis,
and
him execution of his task,
mainly guided in the
advice has
having such
of
from consciousness
he has derived confidence the
him.
friends willing to aid
He much opportunity
with pleasure, of this
avails himself, also,
many marks of kindness and friendship which
acknowledging the
of
M. Latham, and
hands of Dr. P. for
he has experienced at the
which he must always retain a sense of gratitude.
Devonshire
Street.
56,
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CONTENTS.
PROLEGOMENA
ON
GENERAL
PHYSIOLOGY
Page
Definition of Physiology
1. Organic matter its elementary composition I
;
characters that distinguish from inorganic matter
it 2
decomposition
its
4
.
which
state in the mineral substances exist in 5
simplest forms
its
7
—
- its source, its production by plants 9
- equivocal generation
10
2 Of organism and
life 18
.
• •
—
Organised
bodies, their distinguishing characters 18
The
organic
force
22
• •
Vital stimuli
28
—
mode
their of action
29
distinguished from other
stimuli
31
not all equally necessary to the infant and adult 32
Death
33
* •
cause
its 34
—
Decay and
renovation of the organic material, the cause 35
new
and
Sources of the matter, renovation of the organic
force 39
Of the organism and of animals
3. life
40
Animals from
as distinguished plants
40
Functions of animals their classification
47
;
Organic
attraction
50
—
Animal
laws
excitability, its 51
• * • •
Exhaustion attended with material change 52
• «
EiFect of exercise 53
—
Reaction, laws 54
its
• •
—
Stimuli, their mode of action 56
• • • • • •
—
Medicinal and mode
agents, their classification, of action 57
Brunonian
theory
61
• • • • • •
—
Theory
of the contra-stimulists, inflammation. 62
The
common
4. properties organic and inorganic bodies 63
to
1 Electricity its sources generally- 64
.
electric fishes 65
phenomena
electric in frogs 69
human
electricity in the body
71
Developement
2. of heat 74
warm-blooded animals
in 75
ages
at different 76
m
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CONTENTS.
Vlll
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Page
—
Effects of external cold on warm-blooded animals, hybernation
77
of external heat
79
• • • •
Developement
of caloric in cold-blooded vertebrata
80
in invertebrate animals
81
Source of animal
heat? 82
• •
in respiration
83
.
•
in organic processes
85
t
in nervous influence
86
Cause
of hybernation
89
• • « •
Developement
3. of light in animals 91
• •
Phosphorescence
of the sea 91
Luminous
insects 92
•
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Developement
of light in the higher animals 93
• »
Note on
the temperature of insects 94
.
SPECIAL
PHYSIOLOGY.
•
BOOK
I.
Of
the circulating and
fluids, their motion, the vascular system
SECTION
I
Of
the blood.
Its general
properties
95
Chapter
i.—
Microscopic and
mechanical examination
of the blood 98
Of
the red particles
98
• • • •
their form
- 99
• • • •
- thei r size
101
• •
Chyle
globules in the blood
102
Action
of water on
the red
particles
103
• •
Nuclei
of the red
particles
104
• •
Effect of different substances on the red particles
104
Historical account
of the red particles
107
Of
the liquor sanguinis
109
Of
I- the fibrin
.. .. .. 109
Its state in the blood
110
Its proportion the other ingredients
to 112
and venous
in arterial blood 114
1
.
Coagulation of the blood in inflammation
115
Cause
of the buffy coat
116
Of serum
the
2.
117
• t t •
composition
its 118
in different sexes, ages, and temperaments
119
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