ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOK ON PHYSICS VOLUME 2 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

458 Pages·1988·13.07 MB·German

by  Landsberg G.S.

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Mir Publishers Moscow
ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOK
ON PHYSICS
Edited by G.S. Landsberg
These three volumes form a course
on elementary physics that has
become very popular in the Soviet
Union. Each sectioh was written by
an authority in theappropriate field,
while the overall unity and editing
was supervised by Academician
G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This
textbook has gone through ten
Russian editions and a great deal of
effort went into the last edition to
introduce SI units and change the
terminology and notation for the
physical units.
A feature of this course is the
relatively small number of formulas
and mathematical manipulations.
Instead, attention was focussed on
explaining physical phenomena in
such a way as to combine scientific
rigour and a form understandable to
school children.Another aspect of
the text is the technological
application of the physical laws.
These features make the text a
world-class textbook.
For students preparing to enter
universities andcolleges to study
physics, and for those it high
schools specialising in physics.

ELEMENTARY
TEXTBOOK ON
PHYSICS
Volume 2
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ELEMENTARY
TEXTBOOK ON
PHYSICS
Edited by G. S. Landsberg
In three volumes
Volume 2
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Mir Publishers Moscow
Translated from Russian
by Natalia Wadhwa
First published 1988
Revised from the 1985 Russian edition
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Printed in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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ISBN 5-03-000225-1 (J)H3HKo-MaTeMaTHHecKofl JiHTepaTypbi, 1985
ISBN 5-03-000223-5 © English translation, Mir Publishers, 1988
Contents
From the Preface to the First Russian Edition 10
Chapter i. Electric Charges 11
1.1. Electric Interaction (11). 1.2. Conductors and Insulators (13). 1.3. Division of Bodies into
Conductors and Insulators (15). 1.4. Positive and Negative Charges (17). 1.5. What Happens
During Electrostatic Charging (19)? 1.6. Electron Theory (21). 1.7. Electrostatic Charging by
Friction (22). 1.8. Charging by Induction (25). 1.9. Charging by Light. Photoelectric Effect (28).
1.10. Coulomb’s Law (29). 1.11. Unit of Charge (31).
Chapter 2. Electric Field 34
2.1. Effect of Electric Charge on Surrounding Bodies (34). 2.2. The Idea of Electric Field (35).
2.3. Electric Field Strength (37). 2.4. Composition of Fields (39). 2.5. Electric Field in In­
sulators and Conductors (40). 2.6. Graphic Representation of Fields (41). 2.7. Main Features
of Electric Field-Strength Patterns (45). 2.8. Application of the Method of Field Lines to
Problems in Electrostatics (45). 2.9. Work Done in Displacing an Electric Charge in an Elec­
tric Field (48). 2.10. Potential Difference (Electric Voltage) (51). 2.11. Equipotential Surfaces
(53). 2.12. Why Was the Potential Difference Introduced (55)? 2.13. Conditions for Charge
Equilibrium in Conductors (57). 2.14. Electrometer (58). 2.15. What Is the Difference Be­
tween an Electrometer and an Electroscope (61)? 2.16. Earthing (62). 2.17. Measurement of
the Potential Difference in Air. Electric Probe (63). 2.18. Electric Field of the Earth (65).
2.19. Simple Electric Field Configurations (66). 2.20. Charge Distribution in a Conductor.
Faraday’s Cage (68). 2.21. Surface Charge Density (72). 2.22. Capacitors (73). 2.23. Types of
Capacitors (77). 2.24. Parallel and Series Connection of Capacitors (80). 2.25. Dielectric Per­
mittivity (81). 2.26. Why Is Electric Field Weakened in a Dielectric? Polarization of Dielec­
trics (85). 2.27. Energy of Charged Bodies. Energy of Electric Field (87).
Chapter 3. Direct Current 90
3.1. Electric Current and Electromotive Force (90). 3.2. Manifestations of Electric Cur­
rent (95). 3.3. Direction of Current (98). 3.4. Strength of Current (99). 3.5. “Velocity of Elec­
tric Current” and Velocity of Charge Carriers (100). 3.6. Galvanometer (101). 3.7. Voltage
Distribution in a Current-Carrying Conductor (102). 3.8. Ohm’s Law (104). 3.9. Resistance of