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N §<0 Ssymank, Paul Elementary Polish grammar so CO I LaP.Gr S7745er I Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer for the study of modern languages Ssymank Elementary Grammar olish Groos, Heidelberg Julius presented to £be Xibrar? of tbe Xflniversitip of Toronto bs Professor B.jsj. Shore METHOD GASPEY-OTTO-SAUER. ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR OLISH BY PROFESSOR PAUL SSYMANK, PH. D. LONDON. ^ DAVID NUTT (A. G. Berry), 212 Shaftesbury Avenue, W. C. 2. W DULAU & CO., 34—36 Margaret 8treet, Cavendish Square 1. NEW YORK: BRENTANO'S, Fifth Avenue and 27th Street. '^E INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, 83 and 85 Duane Street G. E. STECHERT A CO., 151—155 West 25th Street. E. STEIGER & CO., 49 Murray Street. BOSTON: G. REUSCHEL, 110 Tremont Street. n 8CHOENHOF BOOK COMPANY, 128 Tremont Street. J HEIDELBERG. JULIUS QROOS. 1921. The Gaspey-Otto-Sauer Method has become my sole property by right of purchase. These books are continually revised. All rights, especially those of adaptation and translation into any language, are reserved. Imitations and fraudulent impressions are forbidden by law. Suitable communications always thankfully received. Heidelberg. JuliusGroos. < Ill PREFACE. Encouraged by the success of the Polish Grammar of Wladislas Paulus, of which, in 1914, I published a cor." edition in the German language, I have fulfilled me wishes of the publisher Julius Groos, who requested me to write an English edition of the book. The chief part of it was finished during the European War, in 1917, in a small village near the German front of Verdun, but the work could not be printed before the year 1920. This Elementary Polish Grammar is intended to facilitate the study of the language for beginners, and will suffice for those who wish to learn the Polish language for practical purposes and even in general for those who desire to read works of Polish literature. They who desire to reach higher aims will naturally be obliged to continue their studies by the help of a ientific grammar, of which there are some very good ones, in German, as, eg., that of Soerensen, entitled: "Polnische Grammatik in systematischer Darstellung" (Leipzig, Veriag von Haberland, 1900). By going through this Elementary Grammar, learn- ers will soon perceive that Polish can, as well as any other dead or living language, be studied and learned without the assistance of a teacher. To this end a Key of- the Exercises has been issued. At the end of this Preface I feel the obligation to thank those who have helped me in composing a good and correct text, both in English and Polish. I shall always member with thankfulness the assistance which presi- dent Dr. Legowski and his daughter. .Mrs. Wanda Cy- bichowska (at Thorn), Mr. Richard Koerth (at Bromberg), iMr. August Otto (at Preussisch-Friedland, formerlv at IV Preface. Posen)1 and Mr. William Gr. Priest (in London) afforded me, in giving me valuable advice and in reading the proofs of the Grammar. But though all of us revised them very carefully, a certain number of errata have not been perceived in time and must therefore be col- lected in a list following the Contents. All those who employ this book in order to learn the Polish language are begged by me to inform me directly, when finding any errata or other mistakes in my Grammar, which I desire to make a work absolu- tely reliable. Goettingen, Theaterstrasse 25. December 19th 1920. Professor Paul Ssymank, Ph. D. (formerly at Posen). 1 In the English text I employ the German orthography of the names of the towns in Poland, which formerly belonged to the German Empire or to Austria, as I believe that the Polish names, which now are officially used there, are not yet to be found in the English and American maps. CONTENTS. Pago Introduction Phonetics : General Observations 1 The Tonic Accent 1 Pronunciation of Vowels 2 Pronunciation of Consonants 3 Assimilation 5 Double Letters 6 The Modern Polish Alphabet and its Phonetic Value . . 7 Rules of Orthography 7 Reading Exercise 1,2 7 1st Lesson. Gender of Polish Substantives 9 Ond . 11 3rd Declension of Substantives 13 ., 4th Continuation 26 n 5th „ 27 «th •• „ 29 7th Declension of Adjectives with full Termination 30 |f . 8th The Abridged Form of Adjectives 33 H 9th „ Adverbs 34 10th n Degrees of Comparison 36 11th w Prepositions 39 12th „ Continuation 42 13th n Cardinal and Ordinal Xumbers 43 14th M Pronouns 48 15th M The Other Pronouns 51 16th n Aspects of the Verbs. The Auxiliary Verb bye to be 54 17th The Verb mie6 to have -59 ... 18th The Different Classes of the Polish Verbs 61 19th H The Second Conjugation 65 20th Continuation 69 >? $1« n 71 , 22nd 74 M 23rd 76 ,. 24th M Imperfective, Perfective and Iterative Verbs . . 79 25tt> The Passive Voice 83 26th Reflexive Verbs 85 M 27tii „ Impersonal Verbs 87 VI Contents. 28th Lesson. Conjunctions .88 29th Short Syntax- m 91 f; 30th The Predicate 93 ., 31st „ Continuation 95 32nd The Concordance of the Predicate and the Subject 96 >f 33rd „ Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 98 34th Continuation 99 >f . 35th „ „ 101 36th „ The Cases of the Substantives 103 37th Verbs Governing the Genitive 105 jf 38th „ The Dative 107 39th „ Adjectives Governing the Dative 109 40th v Verbs Governing the Dative 110 41st „ Of the Instrumental 113 42nd Verbs Governing the Instrumental 115 .f 43rd „ Participle and Infinitive 116 Appendix. Translation Exercises 119 . . . Polish Exercises 122 . " Easy Talks (Rozmowy) 132 Polish-English Vocabulary 139 Anglo-Polish Vocabulary 161 S\