Electronic Circuits I PDF
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Electronic Circuits I About the Authors S Salivahanan is the Principal of SSN College of Engineering, Chennai. He obtained his B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, M.E. degree in Communication Systems from NIT, Trichy, and Ph.D. in the area of Microwave Integrated Circuits from Madurai Kamaraj University. He has over three decades of teaching, research, admin- istration and industrial experience, both in India and abroad, with stints at NIT, Trichy; A.C. College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi; R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore; Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore; Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi; and Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam. Dr Salivahanan served as a mentor for the M.S. degree under the distance-learning programme offered by Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani. He has industrial experience as Scientist/Engineer at Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad; Telecommunication Engineer at State Organisation of Electricity, Iraq; and Electronics Engineer at Electric Dar Establishment, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is the author of 32 popular books some of which include Basic Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering; Electronic Devices and Circuits and Linear Integrated Circuits, all published by McGraw Hill Education, and Digital Signal Processing by McGraw Hill Education (India) and McGraw Hill International which has also been translated into Mandarin, the most popular version of the Chinese language. He has published several papers at national and international levels. Professor Salivahanan is the recipient of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan National Award for Best Engineering College Principal for 2011 from ISTE, and IEEE Outstanding Branch Counsellor and Advisor Award in the Asia-Pacific region for 1996–97. He was the Chairman of IEEE Madras Section for two years, 2008 and 2009, and Syndicate Member of Anna University. He is a Senior Member of IEEE, Fellow of IETE, Fellow of Institution of Engineers (India), Life Member of ISTE and Life Member of Society for EMC Engineers. He is also a member of IEEE Societies in Microwave Theory and Techniques, Communications, Signal Processing, and Aerospace and Electronics. N Suresh Kumar is the Principal of Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai. He received his B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai; M.E. degree in Microwave and Optical Engineering from A.C. College of Engineering Technology, Karaikudi; and Ph.D. degree in the field of EMI/EMC from Madurai Kamaraj University. He has over two decades of teaching, administration and research experience and has authored 8 books, all published by McGraw Hill Education. He has published and presented many research papers in international journals and conferences. His areas of interest include Microwave Communication, Optical Communication and Electromagnetic Compatibility. He is a life member of IETE and ISTE. Electronic Circuits I S Salivahanan Principal SSN College of Engineering Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India N Suresh Kumar Principal Velammal College of Engineering and Technology Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited NEW DELHI McGraw Hill Education Offices New Delhi NewYork St Louis SanFrancisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal San Juan Santiago Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited P-24, Green Park Extension, New Delhi 110 016 Electronic Circuits I Copyright © 2015 by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. 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Apt., Paschim Vihar, New Delhi 110 063 and printed at ** Cover Printer: ** ** Visit us at: www.meducation.co.in Contents Preface vii Roadmap xi 1. Biasing of Discrete BJT and MOSFET 1.1 1.1 Introduction 1.1 1.2 Construction 1.1 1.3 Transistor Biasing 1.1 1.4 Operation of NPNandPNP Transistor 1.2 1.5 Types of Configuration 1.5 1.6 Bias Stability 1.12 1.7 Various Biasing Methods for BJT 1.19 1.8 Stability 1.45 1.9 Bias Compensation 1.47 1.10 Thermal Stability 1.49 1.11 Design of Biasing for JFET 1.49 1.12 Design of Biasing for MOSFET 1.54 Two Mark Question and Answers 1.64 Review Questions 1.66 2. BJT Amplifiers 2.1 2.1 BJT Amplifier 2.1 2.2 Single Stage Amplifier 2.2 2.3 Small Signal Analysis of Single Stage BJTAmplifiers 2.9 2.4 AC Load Line 2.34 2.5 Voltage Swing Limitations 2.34 2.6 Differential Amplifier 2.35 2.7 Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 2.41 2.8 Darlington Amplifier 2.44 2.9 Bootstrap Technique 2.47 2.10 Cascaded Stages 2.48 2.11 Cascode Amplifier 2.48 2.12 Large Signal Amplifiers 2.52 Two Mark Question and Answers 2.58 Review Questions 2.61 3. JFET and MOSFET Amplifiers 3.1 3.1 JFET Amplifiers 3.1 3.2 Small Signal Analysis of JFET 3.2 vi Contents 3.4 Small Signal Analysis of MOSFET Amplifier 3.9 3.5 Comparison of FET Model with h-Parameter Model of BJT 3.11 3.6 BiMOS Circuits 3.12 Two Mark Question and Answers 3.15 Review Questions 3.16 4 Frequency Analysis of BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers 4.1 4.1 Introduction 4.1 4.2 Logarithms 4.1 4.3 Decibels 4.2 4.4 General Shape of Frequency Response of Amplifiers 4.5 4.5 Low Frequency 4.7 4.6 Miller Effect 4.15 4.7 High Frequency Analysis of CE 4.17 4.8 High Frequency MOSFET Model 4.21 4.9 Short-circuit Current Gain 4.24 4.10 Cut Off Frequency—fa and fb Unity Gain 4.26 4.11 Determination of Bandwidth of Single Stage Amplifier 4.28 4.12 Determination of Bandwidth of Multistage Amplifiers 4.31 Two Mark Question and Answers 4.33 Review Questions 4.35 5. IC MOSFET Amplifier 5.1 5.1 IC Biasing 5.1 5.2 The Basic MOSFET Current Source 5.1 5.3 MOS Current-Steering Circuits 5.3 5.4 Active Load 5.4 5.5 CMOS Common Source and Source Follower 5.8 5.6 CMOS Differential Amplifier 5.12 5.7 Differential Gain of the Active-loaded MOS Pair 5.13 5.8 CMOS Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) 5.15 Two Mark Question and Answers 5.17 Review Questions 5.18 Preface Electronic Circuits I is designed specifically to cater to the needs of third semester ECE students of Anna University. The book has a perfect blend of focused content coverage. Solved Anna University question papers which are tagged with specific topics will be extremely helpful to the students. Simple, easy-to-understand, and jargon-free, the book elucidates the concepts of electronics with the help of several solved examples, circuit diagrams and adequate questions helping students clearly understand the concepts of electronics. SALIENT FEATURES ✓ Crisp content presentation strictly in line with the latest Anna University syllabus of Electronic Circuits I (Regulation 2013) ✓ Previous-year Anna University solved questions appropriately incorporated as: — Long Questions: Tagged within the text — Short Two-marks Questions: End of each chapter ✓ Rich exam-oriented pedagogy: ✓ Solved examples: 85 ✓ Solved two-marks questions: 52 ✓ Review questions: 111 ✓ Illustrations: 195 CHAPTER ORGANISATION The book is organised into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 deals with Biasing of Discrete BJT and MOSFET and includes DC load line, operating point, various biasing methods for BJT-Design-Stability-Bias compensation, thermal stability, design of biasing for JFET, design of biasing for MOSFET. Chapter 2 discusses BJT Amplifiers at length and covers the topics small signal analysis of common emitter, AC load line, voltage swing limitations, common collector and common base amplifiers, differential ampli- fiers, CMRR, Darlington amplifier, Bootstrap technique, Cascaded stages, Cascode amplifier. Chapter 3 covers JFET and MOSFET Amplifiers and includes small signal analysis of JFT amplifiers, small signal analysis of MOSFET and JFET, common source amplifier, voltage swing limitations, small signal analysis of MOSFET and JFET source follower and common gate amplifiers, BiMOS Cascode amplifier.Frequency Analysis of BJT and MOSFET Amplifiers is discussed in Chapter 4 with a detailed discussion on low frequency and Miller effect, high frequency analysis of CE and MOSFET CS ampli- fier, short circuit current gain, cut off frequency, fa and fb unity gain and determination of bandwidth of single stage and multistage amplifiers. Chapter 5 includes IC MOSFET Amplifier and discusses IC viii Preface Amplifiers, IC biasing current steering circuit using MOSFET, MOSFET current sources, PMOS and NMOS current sources, amplifier with active loads, enhancement load, depletion load and PMOS and NMOS current sources load, CMOS common source and source follower, CMOS differential ampli- fier, and CMRR. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the editorial team of the publisher, McGraw Hill Education for their profes- sional way of dealing with this project. S Salivahanan thanks his wife, Kalavathy, and his children for their enormous patience and coopera- tion. N Suresh Kumar thanks his wife, Andal, and his children for their encouragement and moral support during the writing of this book. Constructive suggestions and corrections for the improvement of the book would be most welcome and highly appreciated. A number of reviewers took pains to provide valuable feedback for the book. We are grateful to all of them and their names are mentioned as follows: P L Ramesh Shanmuganathan Engineering College, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu M Arankulavan Mahath Amma Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pudhukottai, Tamil Nadu N Nirmal Singh V V College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu A Gobinath Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu N Umapathi GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu J Williams MAM College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamil Nadu We are also thankful to ECE students from V V College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu for reviewing the manuscript and providing their valuable feedback. Their names are mentioned as follows: Amali Theres Rinoba Devisree Amutha Evangeline Jeeva Sudhana Ancy Steffina Gnanajesi Abiya Angela Shajini Gracya Anith Sheeba Elizabeth Hemalatha Anto Jenisha Immastephy Indumathi Anusha Sorna Jeron Chinnamalar Priyanka Jeyashree Christilda Jerlin Kana Sheran Christy Karthika Preface ix Kavitha Vinitha Kousika Alagusundari Lydia Anitha Mathumathi Aswini Chitra Muhideen Fathima Byrose Divya Nesa Stephila Mary Femino Jebica Nisha Hannah Olive Regina Jafny Moniza Sabana Lalitha Sahaya Marsha Manoha Salini Ponmalar Muthu Lakshmi Saranya Narmatha Nisha Flora Boby Sharan Ebenezer Philomine Sony Shilba Prema Shunmuga Priya Princiya Beulah Rani Sivasakthi Revathy Sneha Janet Sangeetha Suganya Selva Karthika Uma Mageshwari Sujitha Vijila Sweety Julia Publisher’s Note McGraw Hill Education (India) invites suggestions and comments from you, all of which can be sent to [email protected] (kindly mention the title and author name in the subject line). 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