Electronic Circuits-Fundamentals and Applications

522 Pages·2019·60.993 MB·\522

by  Mike Tooley (Author)

Electronic Circuits
Electronics explained in one volume, using both theoretical and practical applications.
Mike Tooley provides all the information required to get to grips with the fundamentals of electronics,
detailing the underpinning knowledge necessary to appreciate the operation of a wide range of
electronic circuits, including amplifiers, logic circuits, power supplies and oscillators. The 5th edition
includes an additional chapter showing how a wide range of useful electronic applications can be
developed in conjunction with the increasingly popular Arduino microcontroller, as well as a new section
on batteries for use in electronic equipment and some additional/updated student assignments.
The book’s content is matched to the latest pre-degree level courses (from Level 2 up to, and including,
Foundation Degree and HND), making this an invaluable reference text for all study levels, and its broad
coverage is combined with practical case studies based in real-world engineering contexts. In addition,
each chapter includes a practical investigation designed to reinforce learning and provide a basis for
further practical work.
A companion website at http://www.key2electronics.com offers the reader a set of spreadsheet
design tools that can be used to simplify circuit calculations, as well as circuit models and templates
that will enable virtual simulation of circuits in the book. These are accompanied by online self-test
multiple choice questions for each chapter with automatic marking, to enable students to continually
monitor their own progress and understanding. A bank of online questions for lecturers to set as
assignments is also available.
Mike Tooley has over 30 years’ experience of teaching electrical principles, electronics and
avionics to engineers and technicians, previously as Head of Department of Engineering and Vice
Principal at Brooklands College in Surrey, UK, and currently works as a consultant and freelance
technical author.
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Electronic Circuits
Fundamentals and applications
Fifth edition
Mike Tooley
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Fifth edition published 2020
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2020 Mike Tooley
The right of Mike Tooley to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Elsevier 1995 as Electronic Circuits Student Handbook
Fourth edition published by Routledge 2015
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-0-367-42199-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-42198-4 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-82265-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Univers
by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
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Contents
Preface vii 14 Fault finding 275
A note for teachers and lecturers ix
A word about safety xi 15 Sensors and interfacing 290
1 Electrical fundamentals 1 16 Circuit simulation 306
2 Passive components 22 17 The PIC microcontroller 327
3 D.C. circuits 51 18 Electronic applications and
the Raspberry Pi 342
4 Alternating voltage and
current 71 19 Electronic applications and
the Arduino 371
5 Semiconductors 89
20 Circuit construction 400
6 Power supplies 117
Appendix 1 Student assignments 434
7 Amplifiers 139 Appendix 2 Revision problems 438
Appendix 3 Answers to problems with
8 Operational amplifiers 165 numerical solutions 449
Appendix 4 Semiconductor pin connections 453
9 Oscillators 179 Appendix 5 1N4148 data sheet 456
Appendix 6 2N3904 data sheet 460
10 Logic circuits 192 Appendix 7 Decibels 467
Appendix 8 Mathematics for electronics 470
11 Microprocessers 208 Appendix 9 Useful web addresses 494
Appendix 10 A low-cost bench power supply 497
12 The 555 timer 227
Index 500
13 Test equipment and
measurements 238 Note that there is an additional chapter and extra
resources on the companion website for this title.
Visit www.key2electronics.com for more information.
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Preface
This is the book that I wish I had when I first addition, a number of problems can be found
started exploring electronics over half a century at the end of each chapter and solutions are
ago. In those days, transistors were only just provided at the end of the book. You can use
making their debut and integrated circuits were these end-of-chapter problems to check your
completely unknown. Of course, since then much understanding and also to give you some
has changed but, despite all of the changes, the experience of the ‘short answer’ questions
world of electronics remains a fascinating one. used in most in-course assessments. For good
And, unlike most other advanced technological measure, we have included 80 revision problems
disciplines, electronics is still something that you in Appendix 2.
can ‘do’ at home with limited resources and with At the end of the book you will find 23 sample
a minimal outlay. A soldering iron, a multi-meter coursework assignments. These should
and a handful of components are all you need to give you plenty of ‘food for thought’ as
get started. Except, of course, for some ideas to well as offering you some scope for further
get you started – and that’s exactly where this experimentation. It is not envisaged that you
book comes in! should complete all of these assignments, and a
The book has been designed to help you carefully chosen selection will normally suffice. If
understand how electronic circuits work. It you are following a formal course, your teacher or
will provide you with the basic underpinning lecturer will explain how these should be tackled
knowledge necessary to appreciate the operation and how they can contribute to your course
of a wide range of electronic circuits, including assessment.
amplifiers, logic circuits, power supplies and While the book assumes no previous knowledge
oscillators. of electronics, you need to be able to manipulate
The book is ideal for people who are studying basic formulae and understand some simple
electronics for the first time at any level, including trigonometry in order to follow the numerical
a wide range of school and college courses. It is examples. A study of mathematics to GCSE level
equally well suited to those who may be returning (or equivalent) will normally be adequate to satisfy
to study or who may be studying independently this requirement. However, for those who may
as well as those who may need a quick refresher. need a refresher or have had previous problems
The book has 20 chapters, each dealing with a with mathematics, Appendix 8 will provide you
particular topic, and ten appendices containing with the underpinning mathematical knowledge
useful information. The approach is topic-based required.
rather than syllabus-based and each major topic In the later chapters of the book, a number of
looks at a particular application of electronics. The representative circuits (with component values)
relevant theory is introduced on a progressive have been included together with sufficient
basis and delivered in manageable chunks. information to allow you to adapt and modify
In order to give you an appreciation of the solution the circuits for your own use. These circuits can
of simple numerical problems related to the be used to form the basis of your own practical
operation of basic circuits, worked examples investigations or they can be combined together
have been liberally included within the text. In in more complex circuits.
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Preface
This latest edition brings the book up to date this you will need access to a few basic tools
with coverage of several important new topics, and some minimal testing equipment. Your first
including the use of digital storage and sound card purchase should be a simple multi-range meter,
oscilloscopes, HDL/VHDL modelling of large-scale either digital or analogue. This instrument will
logic systems and new chapters devoted to the allow you to measure the voltages and currents
popular and versatile Arduino and Raspberry-Pi present so that you can compare them with the
microcontrollers. predicted values. If you are attending a formal
Finally, you can learn a great deal from building, course of instruction and have access to an
testing and modifying simple circuits. To do electronics laboratory, do make full use of it!
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A note for teachers and
lecturers
The book is ideal for students following formal Teachers can differentiate students’ work by
courses (e.g. GCSE, AS-, A-level, BTEC, City & mixing assignments from the two levels. In
Guilds, etc.) in schools, sixth-form colleges and order to challenge students, minimal information
further/higher education colleges. It is equally well should be given to students at the start of each
suited for use as a text that can support distance assignment. The aim should be to give students
or flexible learning and for those who may need a ‘food for thought’ and encourage them to
‘refresher’ before studying electronics at a higher develop their own solutions and interpretation of
level. the topic.
While the book assumes little previous Where this text is to be used to support formal
knowledge, students need to be able to teaching it is suggested that the chapters should
manipulate basic formulae and understand be followed broadly in the order that they appear,
some simple trigonometry to follow the numerical with the notable exception of Chapter 13. Topics
examples. A study of mathematics to GCSE level from this chapter should be introduced at an
(or beyond) will normally be adequate to satisfy early stage in order to support formal lab work.
this requirement. However, an appendix has Assuming a notional delivery time of 4.5 hours
been added specifically to support students who per week, the material contained in this book
may have difficulty with mathematics. Students (together with supporting laboratory exercises
will require a scientific calculator in order to and assignments) will require approximately two
tackle the end-of-chapter problems as well as academic terms (i.e. 24 weeks) to deliver, in
the revision problems that appear at the end of which the total of 90 hours of study time should
the book. be divided equally into theory (supported by
problem solving) and practical (laboratory and
We have also included 23 sample coursework
assignment work). The recommended four or five
assignments. These are open-ended and can be
assignments will require about 25–30 hours of
modified or extended to suit the requirements of
student work to complete.
the particular awarding body. The assignments
have been divided into those that are broadly at When developing a teaching programme it is, of
Level 2 and those that are at Level 3. In order course, essential to check that you fully comply
to give reasonable coverage of the subject, with the requirements of the awarding body
students should normally be expected to concerning assessment and that the syllabus
complete four or five of these assignments. coverage is adequate.
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