Electronic Beam Steering and Polarization Agile Planar Antennas in Liquid Crystal Technology

177 Pages·2014·10.19 MB·English

by  Onur Hamza Karabey (auth.)

Springer Theses
Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
Onur Hamza Karabey

Electronic Beam
Steering and
Polarization Agile
Planar Antennas
in Liquid Crystal
Technology
Springer Theses
Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
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Onur Hamza Karabey
Electronic Beam Steering
and Polarization Agile Planar
Antennas in Liquid Crystal
Technology
Doctoral Thesis accepted by
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
123
Author Supervisor
Dr. OnurHamzaKarabey Prof.Dr.-Ing. RolfJakoby
InstitutfürMikrowellentechnik InstitutfürMikrowellentechnik
undPhotonik(IMP), Fachgebiet undPhotonik(IMP), Fachgebiet
Elektro-undInformationstechnik (ETiT) Elektro-undInformationstechnik (ETiT)
Technische Universität Darmstadt Technische Universität Darmstadt
Darmstadt Darmstadt
Germany Germany
ISSN 2190-5053 ISSN 2190-5061 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-01423-4 ISBN 978-3-319-01424-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-01424-1
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013944766
(cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014
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Parts of this thesis have been published in the following documents:
Journals
O. H. Karabey, S. Bildik, S. Bausch, S. Strunck, A. Gaebler, and R. Jakoby,
‘‘Continuously polarization agile antenna by using liquid crystal based tunable
variable delay lines,’’ IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61,
no. 1, jan., 2013.
O. H. Karabey, S. Gaebler, A.and Strunck, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘A 2-D electronically
steered phased-array antenna with 2x2 elements in lc display technology,’’ IEEE
Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, pp. 1297–1306,
2012.
O. H. Karabey, S. Bildik, S. Strunck, A. Gaebler, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘Continuously
polarisation reconfigurable antenna element by using liquid crystal based tunable
coupled line,’’ Electronics Letters, vol. 48, pp. 141–143, 2012.
O. H.Karabey, M. Maasch, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘Stable satellite link by liquid crystal
based phased array antennas,’’ ATZelektronik, Springer Vieweg, vol. 04,
pp. 46–50, 2012.
O. H. Karabey, M. Maasch, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘Stabile Satellitenverbindung durch
Fluessigkristallbasierte Phasengesteuerte Gruppenantennen,’’ ATZelektronik,
Springer Vieweg, vol. 04, pp. 300-306, 2012.
International Conferences and Workshops
O. H. Karabey, S. Bausch, S. Bildik, S. Strunck, A. Gaebler, and R. Jakoby,
‘‘Designandapplicationofaliquidcrystalvaractorbasedtunablecoupledlinefor
polarization agile antennas,’’ in Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2012 European,
2012.
O. H. Karabey, F. Goelden, S. Gaebler, A.and Strunck, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘Tunable
loaded linephase shiftersfor microwaveapplications,’’inMicrowave Symposium
Digest (MTT), 2011 IEEE MTT-S International, 2011.
O. H. Karabey, B. Saavedra, C. Fritzsch, S. Strunck, A. Gaebler, and R. Jakoby,
‘‘Methodsforimprovingthetuningefficiencyofliquidcrystalbasedtunablephase
shifters,’’inMicrowaveIntegratedCircuitsConference(EuMIC),2011European,
2011.
O. H. Karabey, S. Bildik, C. Fritzsch, S. Strunck, A. Gaebler, R. Jakoby, and A.
Manabe, ‘‘Liquid crystal based reconfigurable antenna arrays,’’ in 32nd ESA
Antenna Workshop on Antennas for Space Applications, 2010.
O. H. Karabey, F. Goelden, A. Gaebler, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘Precise broadband
microwave material characterization of liquids,’’ in Microwave Conference
(EuMC), 2010 European, 2010.
O. H. Karabey, Y. Zheng, A. Gaebler, F. Goelden, and R. Jakoby, ‘‘A synthesis
technique for multiband tunable impedance matching networks with optimized
domain,’’ in German Microwave Conference, 2009, 2009.
Patent
O. H. Karabey, F. Goelden, A. Manabe, R. Jakoby: ‘‘Electronically steerable
planar phased array antenna’’,
European Patent: EP 2 575 211 A1,
International Patent (PCT): WO2013045267A1.
For my estimable elder, E.A.,
and for his precious family.
His warm smile and kind words,
I will always remember.
Supervisor’s Foreword
ItisagreatpleasuretointroduceDr.OnurHamzaKarabey’sthesiswork,accepted
forpublicationwithinSpringerThesesandawardedwithaprizeforanoutstanding
original work. Dr. Karabey joint my research group for Microwave Engineering
after finishing the ‘‘Information and Communication Engineering (ICE) Interna-
tional Master Program’’ at Technische Universität Darmstadt in September 2008.
He started his doctoral study with a three-year scholarship of the DFG-Gradu-
iertenkolleg 1037 ‘‘Tunable Integrated Components in Microwave Technology
and Optics’’ and completed it with an oral defense on 5th April 2013.
Since about a decade, researchers around the world are searching for appro-
priate enabling technologies to realize devices and components for advanced
wireless systems at radio and microwave frequencies, having smart hardware
functionalities, either for frequency tuning and adaptive impedance/power
matching or electronic polarization-tuning and beam-steering. One promising
approach, as presented in this thesis, is the microwave Liquid Crystal (LC)
technology developed by my group at TU Darmstadt together with the liquid
crystaldivisionoftheMerckCompanyinDarmstadt,wherehigh-performanceLC
materials have been specifically synthesized for microwaves. This microwave LC
materials feature low dielectric loss above 10 GHz as well as continuous and
quasi-powerless tunability in terms of relative permittivity. By adapting the well-
establishedLC display technologybeyond optics,Dr.Karabey investigated inthe
frame of his thesis, different novel concepts for low-cost, low-profile (flat and
compact) electronic beam-steering, and polarization-agile antennas. His compre-
hensive study focusses on 360(cid:3) variable delay-line phase shifters in LC technol-
ogy, as key components. His systematic analysis includes theory, design,
techniques, and the proof-of-concept of multi-layer structures in various planar
waveguidetopologieswithcontrollablecharacteristicsbyusingthinLCcavitiesas
wellasplanarloaded-lineapproaches,usingLCvaractorsastuningelements.For
the very first time, Dr. Karabey successfully demonstrate the full capability of
thesenovelapproachesandtheLCtechnologybyintegratingLC-baseddelay-line
phaseshiftersinspiralgeometrybeneatheach antennaelementwith physicalsize
ofabout0.55 k 90.55 k (k isthewavelengthinair)ofafull2D-beam-steering
0 0 0
phased array and two new polarization-agile antennas. All these reconfigurable
ix
x Supervisor’sForeword
antenna demonstrators operate at Ku-/Ka-band and consist of 2 9 2 microstrip
patch antenna elements with an overall thickness of 1.5 mm, only.
Dr. Karabey’s thesis includes significant original scientific contributions rep-
resenting considerable advancement in this field of electronically reconfigurable
antennas based on LC technology, which he published as first author in top
journals and international well-recognized conferences. Moreover, with his inno-
vativeideasproposedinthisthesis,Dr.Karabeyisthemaininventoroftwopatent
applications and won the ‘‘Ideenwettbewerb 2011’’ of Technische Universität
Darmstadt.
Utilizing automated manufacturing techniques analogy to LC display technol-
ogy,Dr.Karabey’sscientificworkenablestofabricatelowprofile,lowcost,high-
gainbeam-steering,andpolarization-agileantennas,abletoadjustdynamicallyits
beam and polarization by electronics. This will have some potential for future
portable and mobile applications, e.g., for airplanes connecting satellites or for
terminals integrated into the body (cover, rooftop) of laptops, automobiles, ships,
or boats, receiving broadcast or onboard Internet access if the antenna can elec-
tronically connected to a satellite constantly.
Darmstadt, 4 June 2013 Rolf Jakoby