Electrodiagnosis, Toxic Agents and Vision: 15th I.S.C.E.V. Symposium Ghent, Belgium, June 20–23, 1977

322 Pages·1978·9.51 MB·English

by  Professor Jules François (auth.), Jules François, A. De Rouck, J. T. Pearlman, J. Kelsey (eds.)

Electrodiagnosis, Toxic Agents and Vision
Documenta Ophthalmologica
Proceedings Series volume 15
Editor H. E. Henkes
Dr W. Junk bv Publishers The Hague/Boston/London 1978
Electrodiagnosis, Toxic Agents and Vision
15th I.S.C.E.V. Symposium
Ghent, Belgium, June 20-23, 1977
Edited by J. Franc;ois & A. De Rouck
Co-editors: J. T. Pearlman & J. Kelsey
Dr W. Junk bv Publishers The Hague/Boston/London 1978
Cover design: Max Velthuijs
e
Dr W. Junk b.v. Publishers 1978
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1978
No part of this book may be reproduced and/or published in any form, by print,
photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission from the
publishers.
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9959-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9957-2
001: 10.1007/978-94-009-9957-2
CONTENTS
J. Fran90is (Ghent): Opening address ..................... .
Y. Honda (Kyoto): The mode of action of neurotoxins and some
common chemicals upon the electrophysiological properties of
perfused mammalian retinas ..... ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. l
A. Stute, 1.G.H. Schmidt & E. Weber (Cologne): On the effect of
Urethane and Halothane ® on the ERG of rats. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
I. Watanabe & K. Toyama (Hamamatsu): The effects of anesthetics on
the ERG and EOG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21
Y. Sugimachi,M. Inatomi& A. Nakajima,(Tokyo): Effect of anesthetics
on rats' ERG in vivo .......... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31
J: Schulze & E. Appel (Dortmund): Drug effects on b-wave amplitude
and on readaptation after glare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39
G. Palimeris, M. Moschos, E. Chimonidou, E. Panagakis, D. Andreanos
& T. Smimof (Athens): Intravitreal injection of Gentamicin-experi
mental findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4S
G. Stephens, A. Cinotti, H.I. White & E. Veltri (Newark, N.J,): Zinc-
its effect on the oscillatory potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S3
1. Rover, H. Theopold, G. Schaubele, B. Olivier & J. Faulbom (Frei-
burg Br.): Changes of the ERG in rabbits intravitreally treated with
blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S9
J.G.H. Schmidt, V. Mi60vi6 & A. Stute (Cologne): Surface area sizes
of intravitreal copper particles: their effects on the ERG of rabbits
and rats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... ! 63
S.S. Declercq & Ph.C.A. Meredith (Stanford, Cal.): Electrophysiology
in experimental siderosis: a follow-up study after removal of intra-
ocular foreign body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
P. Fran90is & J.Cl. Hache (Lille): Experimental study of siderosis. . . . 73
F .A. Abraham (Jerusalem): Extending retinal impairment following
iron intraocular foreign body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
J.R. Bru~ette, S. Wagdi & G. Lafond (Sherbrooke, Que.): Threshold
ERG study of experimentally induced metallosis (a preliminary
report) ..................... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8S
J. Cohen, J. Wells & R. Borda (Houston, Texas): Thioridazine (Mell~-
ri1R) ocular toxicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Y. Kubota, S. Kobota & K. Asanigi (Chiba): The ERG of chloroquine
induced retinopathy: the prognostic significance of abnormalities on
the ERG .................... '. ... '. .... , ... i . . . . . . 9S
E. Schmoger, W. Muller & E. Haase (Erfurt): Follow-up in a case of
retinopathy more than 10 years after stopping chloroquine therapy. 101
B. Schmidt (Berlin): Toxic retinopathy in malaria troptca. . . . . . . .. 107
P. So16, R. Alfieri, F. Bacin & B. Kantelip (Clermont-Ferrand): Toxic
retinopathy induced by sodium iodate in r~bbits: correlatiori between
electroretinography, vitamin A levels in biood, electronmicroscopic
histology and colour fluorescein angiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
K.-O. Skoog, S.E.C. Nilsson & E. Welind'er (Linkoping): Slow off
-effects of the human D.C. rogistered ERG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 119
S.E.G. Nilsson, K.-O. Skoog' & E. Welinder (Linkoping): Ethanol
induced changes in a slow off-effect (the h-wave) of the human D.C.
registered ERG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 127
J. Levett & F. Morini (Chicago, Ill.): The influence of ethanol on
retinal oscillatory potentials. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 133
G. Cavallacci, G. Tota & A. Wirth (Pisa): Changes induced by ganglio-
sides on the c-wave in the rabbit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 143
R.P. Borda (Houston, Texas): Clinical electro-oculography: optimum
illumination levels for the light adaptation phase. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 147
P. Heilig, A. Thaler & V. Scheiber (Vienna): The initial phase of the
EOG-oscillation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149
A. Thaler, P. Heilig & V. Scheiber (Vienna): The initial phase of the
EOG-oscillation in ischemic retinopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151
F. Ponte & G. Lodato (Palermo): Electro-oculographic investigations
in central retinal vessel occlusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155
H. Franck, J.C. Muller & A. Bronner (Strasbourg): Some considera-
tions regarding the effect of antimalarial drugs on the EOG and the
'macular EOG' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159
W.R. Biersdorf & C.C. Whistler (Columbus, Ohio): Visual evoked
responses to square wave reversing patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165
G. Dagnelie, T.J.T.P. van den Berg & D. Reits (Amsterdam): Unfamil-
iar effects of flicker on the human EEG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173
E. Adachi-Usami, M. Misago & N. Kanayama (Hamamatsu): Electro
perimetry by means of the scotopic VECP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 179
H.W. Skalka (Birmingham, Ala.): The optic nerve in endocrine orbito-
pathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 189
C.R.S. Thompson & G.F.A. Harding (Birmingham): The visual evoked
potential in patients with cataracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193
S.J. Crews, C.R.S. Thompson & G.F.A. Harding (Birmingham): The
ERG and VEP in patients with severe eye injury. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203
Ch. Huber & M. Knus (Zurich): Preoperative evaluation of traumatic
eye lesions with visual evoked cortical potentials in response to sine
wave modulated light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211
G. van Lith & S. Vijfvinkel-Bruinenga (Rotterdam): Optic neuropathy
due to alcohol abuse and evoked cortical potentials. . . . . . . . . . .. 221
K.I. Fritz, J.L. Trimble, R.C. Tripathi & C.S. Fritz (Chicago, Ill.):
Visual evoked response anomalies in a patient with Friedreich's
ataxia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227
J.M. Thijssen & H.I. Ter Laak (Nijmegen): Invariances of the cone
-dominated ERG (tree shrew and man) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 233
N. Wioland & N. Bonaventure (Strasbourg): ERG components of the
chicken retina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 235
Y. Tazawa, H. Imaizumi, H. Mera, T. Otsuka, Y. Takahashi & K.
Imaizumi (Morioka): Changes in ERG wave form of the isolated
bovine eye during long term perfusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
N. Bonaventure & N. Wioland (Strasbourg): GABA and taurine:
implication in organization of receptive fields of ganglion cells in
the frog retina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 251
M. Perossini & G. Tota (Pisa): Electroretinographic findings in chronic
uraemics treated with periodic haemodialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
Y. Tazawa, R. Takahashi, K. Mita & H. Kurihara (Morioka): Case
report of a family with sectoral retinal pigmentary dystrophy . . . .. 265
A. Tarnai (Yonago): Studies on the early receptor potential in the
human eye VI. ERP in the fellow eyes oT patients with idiopathic
retinal detachment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 279
Th. Lawwill, S. Crockett & G. Currier (Louisville, Ky.): Functional
and histological measures of retinal damage in chronic light exposure 285
R.P. Schuurmans, G .H.M. van Lith & J .A. Oosterhuis (Leyden): Photo
coagulation and the electroretinogram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 297
J. Fran~ois, A. De Rouck, E. Cambie & A. Castanheira-Dinis (Ghent):
Electrophysiological studies before and after Argon laser photo
coagulation in diabetic retinopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303
H.E. Henkes (Rotterdam): Electrodiagnosis in doubtful photic injury
to the retina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307
J .R. Heckenlively, J.T. Pearlman, L. Shaver, M. Brickman & P. Henkind
(Los Angeles, Ca./ Bronx, N. Y.): Macular recovery from dazzle
(photo-stress) in normal women on birth control pills (BCP) . . . . .. 313
W.J.M. Braakhuis & J.M. Thijssen (Nijmegen): Standardized electro
ophthalmography by using self-calibrating equipment. . . . . . . . . .. 317
I. Wilmanns & R. Stodtmeister (Bonn): Testing in electrophysiology.. 319
R. Trau, Ch. Libert, G. Lahaye & P. Salu (Brussels): A new instru-
ment for ERG and VER recording under clinical conditions . . . . .. 323
L. Missotten & B. Stanescu (Louvain/Brussels): A new electrode for
'Ganzfeld' ERG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 337
R.P. Borda, R.M. Gilliam & A.C. Coats (Houston, Texas): Gold-coated
Mylar™ (GCM) electrode for electroretinography . . . . . . . . . . .. 339
Docum. Ophtha!. Proc. Series, Vo!. 15
OPENING ADDRESS
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, my dear Friends,
Since the International Society for Clinical Electroretinography was
founded in Brussels in 1958 under the sponsorship of Prof. Karpe, Prof.
Franceschetti, Prof. Henkes, Prof. Burian and myself, it is the second time
that it has its congress in Ghent, the preceding one having been held in
1966.
Our first president, Prof. Karpe, with the collaboration of his secretary
general, Prof. Henkes, who is our president at the present time, gave a great
impulse to our society, which became more and more important, the
number of members increasing greatly. Under the presidency of Prof.
Henkes, assisted by our very active secretary general, Dr. Van Lith, our
society still more enlarged its objectives in order to promote interest in
every field of visual electrophysiology.
Today I am very thankful to many people. Firstly, I should like to impart
my greatest gratefulness to the members of the organizing committee, Prof.
Henkes, Prof. Van der Tweel, Prof. De Smedt and Dr. Van Lith for their
constant efforts in supervising the scientific part of our meeting. Neverthe
less, I should like to thank more particularly and very warmly my collabor
ator and active secretary, Dr. Alfred De Rouck, for his efficient, hard and
continuous work in organizing so beautifully our symposium. I thank also
very sincerely Mrs. Caluwaerts-De Coninck, Miss Agnes Van Gerven, Mrs.
Dhaenens, Mr. Andre Uvijls and Mrs. Christine Ghesquiere, who helped us as
much as possible and with great efficacy.
I should also like to thank the chairmen of the various sessions as well as
the invited speakers, who have kindly accepted to present a report with the
conclusions of their research work. Thanks to them and also to the partici
pants, who will present interesting papers, this congress will be able to
realize its purpose, which should be the aim of every scientific meeting,
namely the better understanding and the elucidation of one or other specific
or complex problem by the addition of new information to the data already
known and by the discussion of recent viewpoints and interpretations, so
that we know where we are exactly, and from where we can start for further
research and wider learning.
My dear friends, it is my great pleasure to bid a very hearty welcome to
each of-you, who came from more than twenty different countries 'and in
fact from all parts of the world. I hope that the important and rather heavy
scientific programme will not diminish the pleasure, which the social pro
gramme intends to give you. Belgium, traditional country of freedom,
labour and culture, and Ghent, the oldest city of our country with its
artistic and historical heritage, want to'present to·you the best oftheir warm
hospitality, so that this symposium will leave an excellent souvenir in your
heart and in your mind. The scientific discussions as well as the human con-
tacts during this meeting will consolidate and enlarge the ties of friendship
between ophthalmologists of different countries throughout the world for
the greatest benefit of science, humanity and peace.
Ladies and gentlemen, I wish the whole of you a pleasant and fruitful
meeting. It is my privilege to open this 15th International Symposium on
Electroretinography.
Professor Jules Franr;:ois
President of the Congress
2
Docum. Ophtha!. Proc. Series, Vo!. 15
THE MODE OF ACTION OF NEUROTOXINS AND SOME
COMMON CHEMICALS UPON THE ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES OF PERFUSED MAMMALIAN RETINAS
YOSHIHITO HONDA
(Kyoto, Japan)
INTRODUCTION
Prior to the appearance of the in vitro retina as an experimental preparation,
intravenous administration of chemicals was a common way of studying
retinal toxicology of mammals. However, intravenous administration may
bring about unexpected changes in general physiological conditions and is,
therefore, limited as a toxicological method. When an in vitro preparation
was desired, eyes of cold-blooded animals have been employed. In vitro
studies on mammalian retinas originated from a combination of these two
approaches; in vivo study of mammalian eyes and in vitro experimentation
on tissues from cold-blooded animals.
METHODS
(BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS)
The following are important factors in maintaining high activity of mammal
ian retinas in vitro:
1. Composition of perfusates (Table 1).
2. Temperature regulation during the stage of preparation and during the
stage of incubation.
3. pH of perfusates,
4. Osmotic pressure.
5. Oxygen supply.
6. Photic conditioning.
7. Surgical procedures.
ADVANTAGES OF PERFUSED MAMMALIAN RETINAS AS
EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS FOR TOXICOLOGY
Wide selection of materials
A wide selection of materials is possible, including tissue from cone-domin
ated, rod-dominated and mixed retinas. Experiments can be performed
during all seasons of the year. The eyes of some mammals are larger in size
than those of most cold-blooded animals and, therefore, are more easily
3