Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors

403 Pages·2015·3.22 MB·English

by  Vladimir S. Bagotsky

ELECTROCHEMICAL
POWER SOURCES
THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES
ECS-The Electrochemical Society
65 South Main Street
Pennington, NJ 08534-2839
http://www.electrochem.org
A complete list of the titles in this series appears at the end of this volume.
ELECTROCHEMICAL
POWER SOURCES
Batteries, Fuel Cells, and
Supercapacitors
VLADIMIRS.BAGOTSKY
ALEXANDERM.SKUNDIN
YURIJM.VOLFKOVICH
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Bagotskii,V.S.(VladimirSergeevich)
Electrochemicalpowersources:batteries,fuelcells,andsupercapacitors/VladimirS.Bagotsky,
AlexanderM.Skundin,YurijVM.Volfkovich.
1onlineresource.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
DescriptionbasedonprintversionrecordandCIPdataprovidedbypublisher;resourcenotviewed.
ISBN978-1-118-94253-6(epub)–ISBN978-1-118-94251-2(pdf)–ISBN978-1-118-46023-8(cloth)
1. Electricbatteries.2. Fuelcells.3. Supercapacitors.I.Skundin,A.M.II.Volfkovich,YurijV.,1940-
III.Title.
TK2896
621.31′242–dc23
2014023307
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
DedicatedtoProfessorV.S.Bagotsky.

CONTENTS
FOREWORD xv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii
PREFACE xix
SYMBOLS xxi
ABBREVATIONS xxiii
INTRODUCTION xxv
PARTI BATTERIESWITHAQUEOUSELECTROLYTES 1
1 GENERALASPECTS 3
1.1 Definition, 3
1.2 Current-ProducingChemicalReaction, 3
1.3 Classification, 5
1.4 ThermodynamicAspects, 6
1.5 HistoricalDevelopment, 8
1.6 Nomenclature, 9
ReviewsandMonographs, 10
viii CONTENTS
2 MAINBATTERYTYPES 11
2.1 ElectrochemicalSystems, 11
2.2 Leclanché(Zinc–Carbon)Batteries, 12
2.3 TheZincElectrodeinAlkalineSolutions, 14
2.4 AlkalineManganese–ZincBatteries, 14
2.5 LeadAcidBatteries, 17
2.6 AlkalineNickelStorageBatteries, 20
2.7 Silver–ZincBatteries, 23
References, 24
MonographsandReviews, 25
3 PERFORMANCE 27
3.1 ElectricalCharacteristicsofBatteries, 27
3.2 ElectricalCharacteristicsofStorageBatteries, 30
3.3 ComparativeCharacteristics, 30
3.4 OperationalCharacteristics, 31
References, 32
4 MISCELLANEOUSBATTERIES 33
4.1 Mercury–ZincBatteries, 33
4.2 CompoundBatteries, 34
4.3 BatterieswithWaterasReactant, 37
4.4 StandardCells, 38
4.5 ReserveBatteries, 39
Reference, 41
ReviewsandMonographs, 41
5 DESIGNANDTECHNOLOGY 43
5.1 BalanceinBatteries, 43
5.2 ScaleFactors, 44
5.3 Separators, 44
5.4 Sealing, 46
5.5 OhmicLosses, 47
5.6 ThermalProcessesinBatteries, 48
6 APPLICATIONSOFBATTERIES 51
6.1 AutomotiveEquipmentStarterandAuxiliaryBatteries, 51
6.2 TractionBatteries, 52
6.3 StationaryBatteries, 53
6.4 DomesticandPortableSystems, 53
6.5 SpecialApplications, 54