Electricity Information 2005 Edition.

783 Pages·2005·3.234 MB·English

by  OECD

I E A S T A T I S T I C S
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
2005
ELECTRICITY
INFORMATION
ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................vii
PART I
WORLD ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENTS

1. Summary........................................................I.3 2.2.5 - Heat Production Sold to Third Parties...I.11
1.1 Production...........................................................I.3
3. OECD Consumption.......................................I.13
1.2 Consumption.......................................................I.4
1.3 Trade...................................................................I.4 3.1 Electricity Consumption....................................I.13
1.4 OECD Prices.......................................................I.4 3.2 Sectoral Consumption of Electricity..................I.13
3.3 Heat Consumption............................................I.14
2. Production and Installed Capacity...............I.5 3.4 Market Shares..................................................I.14
2.1 OECD Production and Installed Capacity...........I.5
4. Electricity Trade...........................................I.17
2.1.1 - Hydroelectric Power.................................I.6
2.1.2 - Nuclear Power.................................. I.6 4.1 OECD Electricity Trade.....................................I.17
2.1.3 - Geothermal, Solar, Tide, Wave and 4.2 Non-OECD Electricity Trade.............................I.17
Wind Power ............................................I.6
2.1.4 - Combustible Fuels...................................I.8 5. OECD Prices................................................I.19
Coal...............................................................I.8
5.1 Electricity Prices for Industry............................I.19
Oil.................................................................I.8
Gas................................................................I.9 5.2 Electricity Prices for Households......................I.20
Combustible Renewables. and Wastes..........I.9 5.3 Prices of Competing Fuels................................I.20
2.1.5 - Heat Production Sold to Third Parties......I.9
2.1.6 - Direct Use of Heat................................. I.10 6. Trends in the OECD Electricity Sector......I.21
2.2 Non-OECD Production..................................I.10 6.1 Energy and Electricity Intensity.........................I.21
2.2.1 - Hydroelectric Power...............................I.10 6.2 Electricity Production........................................I.22
2.2.2 - Nuclear Power.......................................I.10
2.2.3 - Geothermal, Solar, Tide, Wave and 7. Saving Electricity in a Hurry.......................I.23
Wind Power...........................................I.10
2.2.4 - Combustible Fuels.................................I.11 7.1 Executive Summary..........................................I.23
Coal.......................................................I.11 7.2 Who Needs this Book and When?...................I.25
Oil..........................................................I.11 7.3 Vignettes of Power Shortfalls............................I.27
Gas........................................................I.11 7.4 Conclusions......................................................I.27

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iv - ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

PART I LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables:
1. OECD Electricity production, imports, exports, apparent consumption, 2004 (TWh).........................................I.31
2 Electricity production, imports, exports, final consumption, 2003 (TWh)............................................................I.32
3. OECD Gross electricity production, by country, by fuel, 2004 (TWh).................................................................I.36
4. OECD Gross electricity production from combustible fuels, by country, 2004 (TWh).........................................I.37
5. OECD Gross heat production from combustible fuels, by country, 2004 (PJ)....................................................I.38
6. Gross electricity production, by country, by fuel, 2003 (TWh)............................................................................I.39
7. Gross electricity production from combustible fuels, by country, 2003 (TWh)....................................................I.43
8. Gross heat production from combustible fuels, by country 2003 (PJ).................................................................I.47
9. Fuel use for electricity and heat production, by country, 2003 (PJ)....................................................................I.50
10. Electricity production and consumption, OECD, 1973 - 2003 (TWh)..................................................................I.54
11. Net maximum electricity capacity in public plants, OECD, by fuel, 1974 - 2003 (GW).......................................I.55
12. Electricity generation and heat sold, OECD, 1974 - 2003...................................................................................I.56
13. Electricity production from combustible fuels in electricity plants, OECD, 1980 - 2003......................................I.57
14. Electricity and heat produced for sale from combustible fuels in CHP plants, OECD,1980 – 2003....................I.58
15. Heat produced for sale from combustible fuels in heat plants, OECD, 1980 – 2003..........................................I.59
16 IEA Electricity generating capacity, 1974 - 2003 (GW).......................................................................................I.60
17. OECD Electricity consumption, by country, 1960 - 2003 (TWh).........................................................................I.62
18. Electricity consumption, OECD, by sector, 1973 - 2003 (TWh)..........................................................................I.63
19. Electricity consumption, OECD, by industry, 1973 - 2003 (TWh) ......................................................................I.63
20. OECD Final consumption of heat, by country, 1980 - 2003 (Mtoe).....................................................................I.64
21. Final consumption of heat, OECD, by sector, 1980 - 2003 (per cent of total).....................................................I.65
22. Share of final consumption, OECD, by fuel, by sector, 2003 (per cent of total)..................................................I.65
23. Final consumption, OECD, by fuel, by sector, average annual rate of growth (%), 1960 - 1973........................I.66
24. Final consumption, OECD, by fuel, by sector, average annual rate of growth (%), 1973 - 2003........................I.66
25. OECD Total electricity imports, by country, 1960 - 2004 (GWh).........................................................................I.67
26. OECD Total electricity exports, by country, 1960 - 2004 (GWh).........................................................................I.68
27. Electricity trade, 1960 - 2003 (GWh)...................................................................................................................I.69
28. OECD: Indices of real energy prices for end-users.............................................................................................I.70
29. USA: Indices of real energy prices for end-users................................................................................................I.71
30. OECD-Europe: Indices of real energy prices for end-users................................................................................I.72
31. Japan: Indices of real energy prices for end-users.............................................................................................I.73
32. Electricity prices for industry in US dollars/kWh..................................................................................................I.74
33. Electricity prices for industry in US dollars/toe....................................................................................................I.74
34. Electricity prices for households in US dollars/kWh............................................................................................I.75
35. Electricity prices for households in US dollars/toe..............................................................................................I.75
36. Electricity prices for households in US dollars/kWh, converted with purchasing power parities.........................I.76
37. Purchasing power parities, national currency/US dollars....................................................................................I.76
38. Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in US dollars/tonne.....................................................................I.77
39. Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in US dollars/toe.........................................................................I.77
40. Steam coal prices for electricity generation in US dollars/tonne.........................................................................I.78
41. Steam coal prices for electricity generation in US dollars/toe.............................................................................I.78
42. Natural gas prices for electricity generation in US dollars/107 kcal, gross calorific value basis..........................I.79
43. Natural gas prices for electricity generation in US dollars/toe, net calorific value basis.....................................I.79
44. US dollar exchange rates in national currencies.................................................................................................I.80
Figures:
1. Indices of real energy end-use prices, OECD.....................................................................................................I.81
2. Indices of real energy end-use prices, Japan.....................................................................................................I.81
3. Indices or real energy end-use prices, United States.........................................................................................I.82
4. Indices of real energy end-use prices, OECD Europe........................................................................................I.82

World electricity and energy production.....................................................................................................................I.83
Electricity production by fuel, by country............................................................................................................I.84-I.89
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ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - v

PART II
OECD ELECTRICITY DATA

Directory of Part II Tables...................................II.3 Canada..............................................................II.200
Czech Republic.................................................II.218
1. Principles and Definitions...........................II.5
Denmark............................................................II.237
I General Notes..........................................II.5 Finland...............................................................II.256
II Data Sources.......................................... II.5 France...............................................................II.275
III Units and Conversions ...........................II.6 Germany............................................................II.294
IV Notes on Energy Sources and Flows .....II.7 Greece...............................................................II.312
V Price Data .............................................II.10 Hungary.............................................................II.330
VI Quarterly Energy Statistics ...................II.12 Iceland...............................................................II.349
Ireland...............................................................II.364
2. Geographical Coverage ............................II.13
Italy....................................................................II.381
Japan.................................................................II.398
3. Country Notes ............................................II.15
Korea.................................................................II.414
4. Conversion Factors ...................................II.29 Luxembourg.......................................................II.431
Mexico...............................................................II.449
Country Specific Net Calorific Values.................II.30
Netherlands.......................................................II.465
OECD Total.........................................................II.36 New Zealand.....................................................II.483
OECD North America..........................................II.50 Norway..............................................................II.498
OECD/IEA Pacific...............................................II.64 Poland...............................................................II.517
OECD Europe.....................................................II.76 Portugal.............................................................II.536
IEA Total..............................................................II.90 Slovak Republic.................................................II.554
IEA North America.............................................II.104 Spain.................................................................II.573
IEA Europe........................................................II.118 Sweden.............................................................II.591
European Union - 15.........................................II.132 Switzerland........................................................II.610
Australia............................................................II.146 Turkey................................................................II.627
Austria...............................................................II.162 United Kingdom.................................................II.644
Belgium.............................................................II.181 United States.....................................................II.663

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vi - ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

Units and Technical Abbreviations

t : metric ton = tonne (1 t = 1000 kg)
Mt : million tonnes
toe : tonne of oil equivalent (1 toe = 41.868 GJ = 107 kCal)
Mtoe : million tonnes of oil equivalent
kW : kilowatt (103 watts)
kWh : kilowatt hour
MW : Megawatt (electric) (106 watts)
MWh : Megawatt hour
GW : Gigawatt (109 watts)
GWh : Gigawatt hour (1 GWh = 3.6 TJ)
TW : Terawatt (1012 watts)
TWh : Terawatt hour (1 TWh = 3.6 PJ)
kcal : kilocalories (103 calories)
KJ : kilojoule (103 joules)
GJ : Gigajoule (109 joules)
TJ : Terajoule (1012 joules)
GCV : Gross Calorific Value
NCV : Net Calorific Value
TFC : Total Final Consumption
TPES : Total Primary Energy Supply
$ : U.S. dollars (unless otherwise specified)
.. : not available
e : estimated or preliminary data
c : confidential data
x : not applicable

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition) - vii

INTRODUCTION
IEA Electricity Information 2005 is the latest edition Documentation at the front of Part II provides im-
of an annual publication intended to provide sound portant information that will assist the reader in cor-
market information on electricity and heat to policy rectly using the data in this publication.
and market analysts, and those employed in all sec-
This information is structured as follow:
tors of the electricity industry.
1. Principles and Definitions
This monitoring and reporting of historical trends
and current energy market situation provides a I General Notes
II Data Sources
strong foundation for policy and market analysis, to
III Units and Conversions
better inform the policy decision process toward
IV Notes on Energy Sources
selecting policy instruments that are best suited to
V Price Data
meet domestic and/or international objectives.
VI Quarterly Statistics
IEA Electricity Information 2005 brings together in
2. Geographical Coverage
one volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA
on electricity and heat production. It also includes 3. Country Notes
information on installed capacity, consumption,
4. Conversion Factors
trade and prices.
OECD data are taken from IEA/OECD databases of
Part I of the publication provides a statistical over-
Energy Statistics that are based on annual submis-
view of developments in the markets for electricity
sions from OECD Member countries to the Secre-
and heat in the OECD 30 Member countries, as well
tariat. The Energy Statistics Division of the IEA
as input fuel prices, end-user electricity prices in US
Secretariat works closely with national administra-
dollars and corresponding exchange rates used.
tions to secure consistency in time series and with
Part I also includes some non-OECD countries’ sta-
IEA product definitions and reporting conventions.
tistics on electricity production, imports and exports The finalized data provide the basis for IEA/OECD
and heat production. Energy Balances of OECD Countries and Energy
Statistics of OECD Countries.
In a context of often tight supply/demand electricity
market, and the challenge of “dealing with tempo- Price data in Part I are derived from IEA/OECD
rary shortfalls in electricity supplies”, Part I of this Energy Prices and Taxes. Readers should consult
edition of the Electricity Information will also ac- this publication for detailed information on data
quaint the reader with IEA’s analysis of strategies coverage and sources.
and measures for Saving Electricity in a Hurry.
The non-OECD data are based upon information
Part II provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and collected by the IEA Secretariat, national submis-
comprehensive picture of the power and heat indus- sions to the United Nations in Geneva and New
try developments for OECD 30 Member countries. York, and national energy publications. The result-
In addition, calorific values used for preparing na- ing synthesis is published in Energy Balances of
tional energy balances are presented. Non-OECD Countries and Energy Statistics of Non-
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
viii - ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition)

OECD Countries. Users of this publication are di- Di Cecca. Mr. Michel Francoeur had overall respon-
rected to the Methodology Section of those publica- sibility for this publication.
tions for more detail on individual non-Member
Also in the IEA Secretariat, thanks are due to the
countries covered in the publication.
non-OECD Member countries section headed by
All of Part II tables and selected tables from Part I Mr. Riccardo Quercioli, to the OECD Balances sec-
are available on CD-ROM. Information on ordering tion headed by Ms. Karen Tréanton, and to Mr. Alan
CD-ROM and other energy statistics publications is Meier for his contribution to Part I of the publication.
available at the end of this book, and on the IEA
Editorial and secretarial support from Ms. Sharon
website at http//www.iea.org.
Burghgraeve and Ms. Susan Stolarow is also grate-
In addition, a data service is available on the inter- fully acknowledged.
net. It includes unlimited access through an annual
Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome
subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data
and should be addressed to:
on a pay-per-view basis. Details are available at
http://data.iea.org. Michel Francoeur or Antonio Di Cecca
Energy Statistics Division
Further information on reporting methodologies is
International Energy Agency
also available on the IEA Web site.
9, rue de la Fédération,
Annual energy data are collected by the Energy Sta- 75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
tistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed Tel: [phone] or 40 57 66 47
by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. OECD electricity statis- Fax: [phone]
tics in ESD were the responsibility of Mr. Antonio E-mail: [email protected]

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART I - I.1
PART I
WORLD ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENTS

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ELECTRICITY INFORMATION (2005 Edition) PART I - I.3
1 SUMMARY
1.1 Production up of 61.0% from fossil-fuel-fired plants and 1.7%
from combustible renewables and waste plants) and
Between 1973 and 2003, world electricity produc- geothermal, solar and wind plants 1.1% (Table 3).
tion has increased from 6124 TWh to 16742 TWh.
In 2003, total OECD heat production which was
The average annual growth rate during that time
sold to third parties by main activity producers and
span is 3.4%. In 1973, 72.9% of electricity produc-
autoproducers was 2396 PJ, an increase of 5.1%
tion was in countries that are currently members of
from 2002 (Table 12). Nearly 79% of this heat
the OECD. In 2003, 59.4% of electricity production
(1891 PJ) was produced in CHP plants, 21%
was in OECD countries.
(505 PJ) in heat plants. About 20% of the reported
The increase of electricity production share of Non- 2003 world heat production was in OECD member
OECD countries reflects the higher average growth countries.
rate which has prevailed since 1973. In the last 30
years, electricity production has increased at an an-
Non-OECD Production
nual rate of 4.8% in Non-OECD countries while in
OECD countries the annual growth rate during the While there are no complete statistics available on
same period is 2.7% electricity production in all Non-OECD countries
for 2004, data are available for 2003. Gross electric-
In 2003, 66% of world electricity production was
ity production in 2003 in Non-OECD countries was
from generating plants burning fossil fuel. Hydro
6804 TWh, an increase of 7.8% from the 2002 level
plants provided 16.3%, nuclear plants 15.7%, com-
bustible renewables and waste 1.2%, and geother- (Table 2). OECD electricity production in 2003
mal, solar, wind, etc. 0.8% (Table 6). increased 1.1% from the level reported in 2002.
World heat production which was sold to third par- In 2003, 72.4% of Non-OECD electricity production
ties reached 12044 PJ in 2003, an increase of 2.3% was generated from fossil fuels, 20.7% was pro-
from the level reported in 2002. vided by hydro plants, 6.1% by nuclear plants and
0.8% by combustible renewables and waste and by
OECD Production geothermal/solar/wind capacity (Table 6).
Gross electricity production in 2004 in the OECD In 2003 total Non-OECD heat production which was
(including generation from pumped storage plants) sold to third parties was around 9647 PJ—an in-
was 10129 TWh, a rise of 1.9% from the level of crease of 1.6% from the 2002 reported level. Over
gross production in 2003 (Tables 1 and 2). 80% of the heat production reported in 2003 for the
world was in Non-OECD countries.
Nuclear plants accounted for 22.9% of total gross
electricity production in 2004, hydroelectric plants
13.3%, total combustible fuel1 plants 62.7% (made
temperature. Fuels included are: coal and coal products, oil and oil
products, natural gas and combustible renewables and waste includ-
1. Combustible fuels refer to fuel that are capable of igniting or ing solid biomass and animal products, gas/liquids from biomass,
burning, i.e. reacting with oxygen to produce a significant rise in industrial waste and municipal waste.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY